Zida mbiri - kuchokera wakale masiku ano

Zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo , anthu wosazindikira, kudziteteza ku nyama zolusa ndi anthu ankhanza anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani zosiyanasiyana: .. chikuni choyandama ndi timitengo, miyala lakuthwa, etc. Ndi nthawi imeneyo kutali zimachokera mbiri ya zida. Ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko anaonekera maganizo atsopano, ndipo aliyense lothandiza mbiri zizigwirizana kusiyana ndi sitepe m'mbuyomu. Mawu, manja, komanso onse a dziko lathuli, mbiri ya anadutsa njira yake makamaka zamoyo zinachita - kuchokera losavuta mwala nkhwangwa kuti zokwana nyukiliya.

zida

Pali classifications zosiyanasiyana anawagawa osiyanasiyana zida. Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo, ndi ozizira ndi mfuti. Choyamba, nayenso, ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: .. kutema, koopsa, mantha, etc. Iwo ukugwira ntchito mwa mphamvu za anthu, koma mfuti ntchito ndi onga kuyang'anira mphamvu. Choncho, izo anatulukira pa nthawi imene anthu aphunzira mmene kutuluka saltpeter, sulfure ndi ufa makala. Ndipo woyamba mu Chinese uyu wolemekezeka (mu 9 m'ma AD). Zida mbiri alibe deta yolondola pa tsiku chilengedwe cha osakaniza izi kuphulika, koma amadziwika kwa chaka, pamene anafotokozedwa koyamba mu mpukutu "Chinsinsi" wa onga - 1042. Ku China, nkhaniyi anali zinawukhira ku Middle East, ndi ku Europe.

Mfuti alinso mitundu yake. Ndi ang'ono, ndi zida zankhondo grenade.

Malinga ndi gulu lina, onse ozizira ndi moto - pafupi nkhondo. Komanso ali ndi chida zokhudza zida zoopsa: nyukiliya atomiki, bakiteriya, mankhwala, etc ...

zida wosazindikira

Zimene azitsamba anali pa chiyambi cha chitukuko munthu, tingakhale potengera anapezazo kuti ofukula anakwanitsa kufika pa malo a anthu akale. Onse anapezazo izi Tingaone zosiyanasiyana zakale mbiri ndi masoka mbiri.

Mitundu oyambirira zida wosazindikira anali mwala kapena fupa arrowheads ndi mikondo kuti anapezeka m'dera la masiku ano Germany. Iwo akusonyeza ena zikwi mazana atatu zaka. Chithunzi, kumene sikukhala. Zolinga zimene iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito kusaka nyama zakutchire kapena nkhondo ndi mafuko ena - tikungofunika ndikulingalira. Ngakhale thanthwe zojambula mu njira ena kuthandiza kukhazikitsa zenizeni. Koma pa nthawi imene anthu kupangidwa kulemba, ife anayamba mabuku, historiography, komanso kupenta, tili ndi mfundo zokwanira za zipambano latsopano la anthu, kuphatikizapo zokhudza zida. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tingatsanzire njira zonse za kusintha kwa zida kumbuyo. Zida mbiri zikuphatikizapo nyengo zingapo, ndipo ndi koyamba kukhala achikale.

Poyamba, pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya zida mikondo, uta ndi mivi, mipeni, nkhwangwa, fupa woyamba ndi mwala, ndipo kenako - zitsulo (mkuwa, mkuwa ndi chitsulo).

zida akale

Anthu anaphunzira pokonza zitsulo, iwo anapanga malupanga ndi pikes ndi mivi ndi nsonga lakuthwa zitsulo. Kuteteza anatulukira zida zishango (zipewa, makalata etc.). Mwa njira, kalelo gunsmiths anayamba kuchokera kuthabwa ndi zitsulo omenyerapo nkhosa zamphongo ndi catapults kwa sieges a linga. Ndi aliyense wozungulira latsopano zida ndi angwiro mu chitukuko cha anthu. Iwo anakhala wamphamvu, akuthwa, ndi zina zotero D..

Mbiri akale zida n'chothandiza kwambiri chifukwa mu nthawi ino kupangidwa mfuti, zomwe zasintha njira nkhondo. Oimira woyamba wa mtundu anali arquebus ndi chakudya, pamenepo panali muskets. Kenako gunsmiths anaganiza kuwonjezera kukula kwa otsiriza, ndiyeno m'munda asilikali anali woyamba zida zankhondo. mbiri Komanso zida zankhondo akuyamba kufotokoza za atulukira onse watsopano m'dera lino: mfuti mfuti, etc ...

nthawi yatsopano

Nthawi imeneyi, ozizira zitsulo pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi mfuti, amene nthawi zonse zatsopano. Kuchuluka skoroletnost ake, kupha mphamvu ndi osiyanasiyana zipolopolo. Ndi isanayambike mbiri 20th Century zida sasunga ndi zoyambitsidwa m'munda umenewu. Pa First World nkhondo, akasinja anayamba kuonekera mu zisudzo ntchito, ndi mu mlengalenga - ndege. Mu zaka za m'ma 20, chaka nawo za Wachiwiri World USSR, analengedwa mfuti zoopsa m'badwo watsopano - ndi Kalashnikov kumenya mfuti, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba launchers roketi, monga Soviet "Katyusha" zida m'madzi asilikali.

Zida zoopsa

Palibe zida izi ndi mavuto awo sizingafanane ndi ichi. Kwa iye, monga tanenera kale, monga mankhwala, kwachilengedwenso kapena bacteriological, atomiki ndi nyukiliya. Otsiriza awiri ndi owopsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu amakumana mphamvu za nyukiliya ku August ndi November 1945, pa mabomba a atomiki a mizinda US Army Air Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. Mbiri ya zida za nyukiliya m'malo ntchito nkhondowo, zimachokera kwa tsiku wakuda uyu. Ndiyamika Mulungu kuti mantha amenewa kwa anthu sadzamwanso nazo.