Novgorod Chronicle - wapatali zipilala

Mbiri ya Novgorod ali ndi mwambo yaitali, ozika mizu m'zaka XI ndipo kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Documents kumasulidwa ku cholembera cha olemba wakale, kukhala gwero lofunika pa phunziro la mbiri ya chitukuko umoyo ndale za dera lalikulu.

Start Chronicle

Zilipo Novgorod Nkhani provisionally anasankha zipinda zisanu. Aliyense ali ndi mndandanda angapo, anaitana nkhanza. Mwachitsanzo, Woyamba Novgorod Chronicle mu recension ake oyambirira chimakwirira zapakati pa chiyambi cha XIII ndi XIV kwa makumi anai za m'ma. Waliteteza mu mawonekedwe a yaing'ono mndandanda wa zikopa, amene ali mtundu osati choposa kotala ya muyezo wa tsamba, chomwe ndi mapepala zana ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi.

A recension panthawi ina processing ake angapo wodzilemekeza, nawuyika mwambo chivundikiro yaitali siteji mbiri, anakafika ku mmasate za m'ma XV. Kuwonjezera pa Baibulo wamfupi "Russian Choonadi" - Kutolere wapadera kwa zaka za m'ma XI, munali mawu a lamulo la Kievan Lazaro - lili ndi chiwerengero cha zipilala zina lawmaking wakale. Novgorod Chronicle wamng'ono recension, komanso buku lake patapita mukusungira mndandanda wa Synodal Dipatimenti ya boma zakale Museum.

Amawatenga akuyambira la zochitika za m'masiku Novgorod

Tikumbukenso kuti makonzedwe manambala ndondomeko m'masiku anapatsidwa zochokera chibwenzi zochitika zokambidwa pa iwo, ndipo osati kuti yolembera malemba okha. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la zinthu zimene limapangidwa Novgorod Annals recension loyamba ndi kutsatira yachiwiri, ali ndi kupitiriza mwachindunji mu mbiri wachinayi, watetezanso mu recensions angapo.

Mbiri amatiuza kuti zinthu zimene zinachitika kwa makumi anai ndi - makumi asanu za m'ma XV, makamaka anapanga kuti m'mabuku ndipo mkati mwa nthawi ina. Akatswiri ambiri amakonda kukhulupirira kuti mbali yaikulu ya processing si anasunga kuti masiku athu Novgorod-Sofia Chipilala otchulidwa zikalata zina za mbiri yakale monga Sofia Choyamba Chronicle.

Chachisanu Novgorod Chronicle

Kuphunzira mabuku umboni, conventionally anasankha nambala faifi, titha kuona kuti si zoposa pang'ono kukonzedwa mwina wodzilemekeza kwa nkhani imeneyi chachinayi, amene kuyankhulanako kunapitirira pamwamba. Kufotokozera a zochitika m'mbiri limabwezedwa m'chaka 1446.

Annals, limanena za nthawi Ivana Groznogo

Novgorodskie amafotokoza ndi wachiwiri ndi wachitatu manambala siriyo, koma olembedwa ina kuposa wachinayi ndi wachisanu. Izi limasonyeza wochitidwa ndi pa kusanthula zinenero lembalo. Kuyerekezera ndi zikalata zina za mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti Nkhani yachiwiri lili ambiri ena m'masiku osiyana sankakhala inalembedwa mu Novgorod.

Zomwe zilipo mu mndandanda wosakwatira, limene, mogwirizana ndi ofufuza za, irretrievably anataya, lili yambiri mfundo zosangalatsa zokhudza nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ivana Groznogo. Wofunika kwambiri ndi mfundo zokhudza Livonia nkhondo ndi kampeni Kazan.

Umboni wa mpingo ndi moyo national

Tsatirani Nkhani wake wachitatu anali mudziwe yaikulu pa mbiri ya moyo achipembedzo Novgorod kwa ife, makamaka pa ntchito yomanga nyumba za kachisi mmenemo. chikalata ichi ndi chuma kwambiri pa kuphunzira wakale zomangamanga mochedwa Ages Middle. Monga ena Novgorod Chronicle, chikalatacho amadziwika recensions angapo, ndipo, ngati younikanso waukulu kumabweretsa za zochitika pamaso 1675, mu mndandanda osiyana, iwo anapitiriza kupita m'tsogolo.

Kuwonjezera zipilala zimenezi, lofalitsidwa mu nthawi yathu ndi angafunike kugulu, palinso zambiri zikalata zina za mbiri yakale ofanana mu chikhalidwe Novgorod Sophia gulu. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, pazikhalanso otchedwa chimodzi Novgorod Chronicle. Mosiyana akalambula wake, pamodzi ndi kufotokoza zochitika zimene zinachitika mu mzinda iwoweni, lili kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zipangizo dziko zokhudza mbiri za dziko lonse.

zipilala Akusowa

Ambiri unpublished zipilala m'mbiri yakale digiri imodzi kapena zipangizo wina wowonjezera zinalembedwa zofunika anawasema asanu, monga tatchulazi. Mu Novgorodskie ambiri m'masiku ali pakati ochuluka kuposa ndi capacious zili mu mbiri Russian. zipilala zambiri kulemba wakale, wasenza m'madera ena Lazaro wakale, kunyamula amaonekera khalidwe.

Ngakhale kuti nkhani ya zochitika mu mbiri ya penapake okondera, chifukwa ulamuliro wa malingaliro a makalasi chigamulo Boyar Republic Koma zina olemba 'sympathies bwino kumbali ya wamba.