Zakale zamakedzana za ku India. Nthano za kulengedwa kwa usiku, za chiyambi cha Imfa

Nthano zakale za ku India sizinali zocheperapo ndi nthano za Greece, Egypt ndi Rome. Iwo anali mosamalitsa komanso mosinthika kuti apulumutse kwa mbadwo wotsatira. Izi sizinachitike kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa nthano zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipembedzo, chikhalidwe komanso moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndipo chifukwa cha khalidwe losautsa pa mbiri yathu ya Ahindu lero tikhoza kusangalala ndi miyambo yawo.

Indian Mythology

Ngati mukuganiza nthano za anthu osiyanasiyana zokhudza milungu, zochitika zachilengedwe ndi kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi, mungathe kufotokozera mosavuta kufanana pakati pawo kuti amvetse momwe alili ofanana. Anangokhala m'malo mwa mayina ndi mfundo zing'onozing'ono kuti azindikire bwino.

Nthano Zakale za India zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chipembedzo cha Vedic ndi ziphunzitso zokhudzana ndi chitukuko chomwe filosofi ya anthu a m'dziko lino idalima. Kalekale, chidziwitso ichi chinkafalitsidwa kokha ndi mawu, ndipo zinkaonedwa kuti sizolandiridwa kuchotsa chinthu chilichonse kapena kuchipanga mwa njira yake. Chirichonse chinali kusunga tanthauzo lake loyambirira.

Nthano za ku India nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati maziko a zizolowezi za uzimu komanso ngakhale makhalidwe abwino. Izo zimabwerera ku ziphunzitso za Chihindu, zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa pa zochitika za chipembedzo cha Vedic. Chodabwitsa ndi ichi: Mwa zina mwa izo, njira zotsutsira mfundo za sayansi zamasiku ano zokhudzana ndi kubadwa kwaumunthu zinatchulidwa.

Komabe, nthano zakale za ku India zimatiuza za kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chiyambi cha ichi kapena chodabwitsa, chomwe chidzafotokozedwa pansipa.

Mwachidule pa Chilengedwe cha Dziko

Malingana ndi machitidwe ambiri, moyo unachokera ku Golden Golden. Theka lake linasanduka thambo ndi nthaka, ndipo mkati mwa kuwala kunaonekera Brahma - Ancestor. Iye adayambitsa nthawi, analenga mayiko ndi milungu ina, kuti asungulumwenso.

Chimodzimodzinso, chinapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhalepo: iwo amakhala padziko lapansi ndi zolengedwa zosiyana, anakhala makolo aumulungu komanso analola kubadwa kwa Asuri.

Rudra ndi nsembe ya Daksha

Shiva ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zakale kwambiri za Brahma. Amadzipangira yekha mkwiyo ndi nkhanza, koma amathandiza anthu omwe amapemphera kwa iye nthawi zonse.

Poyamba, mulungu uyu anali ndi dzina losiyana -Rudra - ndipo adali ngati mlenje, yemwe nyama zonse zidakondweretsedwa. Iye sanadutse mopanda nkhondo iliyonse yaumunthu, kuwonetsa mtundu wa anthu zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Mlamu wake anali Dakshi, wolamulira komanso kholo la zolengedwa zonse padziko lapansi.

Komabe, mgwirizano umenewu sunamangirire milunguyo ndi mgwirizano, choncho Rudra anakana kulemekeza bambo ake a mkazi wake. Izi zinayambitsa zochitika zomwe zimalongosola mosiyana nthano zakale zaku India.

Koma malembo otchuka kwambiri ndi awa: Daksa pa mulungu wa milungu kwa nthawi yoyamba anapanga nsembe yakuyeretsa, komwe adaitanira onse, chithunzi cha Rudra, kusungunuka mkwiyo wake. Mkazi wa Shiva wokwiya, ataphunzira za kunyalanyaza mwamunayo mwamuna wake, anathamanga kuchoka ku kusimidwa kumoto. Rudra anali pafupi ndi ukali ndipo anadza ku malo a mwambo wobwezera.

Msaka woopsa anaphwanya nsembe yamulungu ndi muvi, ndipo anakwera kumwamba, kosatha kufotokozedwa ndi gulu la nyenyezi monga mwa nyamakazi. Milungu ingapo inagweranso pansi pa dzanja lakutentha la Rudra ndipo anali olumala kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kukopa kwa Wanzeru Wanzeru Shiva anavomera kusiya mkwiyo wake ndikuchiritsa ovulalawo.

Komabe, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pamapeto pa Brahma, milungu yonse ndi Asuras ayenera kulemekeza Rudra ndi kupereka nsembe kwa iye.

Adani a Aditi ana

Poyamba, Asuri - abale akuluakulu a milungu - anali oyera komanso abwino. Iwo ankadziwa zinsinsi za mdziko, iwo anali otchuka chifukwa cha nzeru zawo ndi mphamvu ndipo anali okhoza kusintha mawonekedwe awo. M'masiku amenewo asuras anali kugonjera chifuniro cha Brahma ndipo anachita mosamala miyambo yonse, choncho sankadziwa mavuto ndi chisoni.

Koma zolengedwa zamphamvu zinadzitukumula ndipo zinaganiza zopikisana ndi milungu - ana a Aditi. Chifukwa chaichi, iwo sanathenso kukhala osangalala, komanso anataya nyumba yawo. Tsopano mawu akuti "asura" ali ofanana ndi lingaliro la "chiwanda" ndipo amatanthauza cholengedwa chamagazi chamoyo, chokhoza kupha basi.

Moyo Wamuyaya

Poyambirira padziko lapansi, palibe amene adadziwa kuti moyo ukhoza kutha. Anthu anali osakhoza kufa, ankakhala opanda tchimo, kotero mtendere unayambitsa mtendere. Koma kutuluka kwa kubereka sikunachepetse, ndipo malowa amakhala ochepa komanso ochepa.

Pamene anthu adasefukira padziko lonse lapansi, Dziko lapansi, monga nthano zakale za ku India zimati, adapempha Brahma kuti amuthandize ndikukweza katundu wolemera kwambiri. Koma wokalamba wamkulu sanadziwe choti achite. Iye adakwiya ndi mkwiyo, ndipo malingaliro ochokera kwa iye anawonongedwa ndi moto wowononga, iwo anagwa pa moyo wonse. Kotero sipangakhale mtendere ngati Rudra sanapange yankho. Ndipo zinali monga choncho ...

Kutha kwa Kusakhoza kufa

Rudra Brahma adalimbikitsa, sanafunse kuwononga dziko lapansi, lomwe linapangidwa ndi vutoli, ndipo sichiimba mlandu zolengedwa zawo momwe zimakhalira. Anamuuza kuti Shiva apange amuna kuti afe, ndipo Progenitor anamvera mawu ake. Anabweza mkwiyo, mumtima mwake, kotero kuti Imfa idzabadwira kuchokera kwa iye.

Ankachita chidwi ndi kamtsikana kakang'ono kokhala ndi maso akuda ndi chovala chamtundu pamutu pake, atavala chovala chofiira chakuda. Monga nthano yonena za chiyambi cha Imfa, mkazi uyu sanali wankhanza kapena wopanda mtima. Iye sanatenge mkwiyo umene adalengedwa, ndipo sadakonde katundu wotere.

Imfa mu misozi inamupempha Brahma kuti asamunyamule katundu wake, koma adatsalirabe. Ndipo mphotho yake yokhayo idamulepheretsa kupha anthu ndi manja ake, koma kuchotsa miyoyo ya iwo omwe adagwidwa ndi matenda osachiritsika, machitidwe oipa, ndi zilakolako zobisika.

Choncho imfa yatsala pang'ono kudana ndi chidani chaumunthu, chomwe chimachepetsa pang'ono katundu wake wolemetsa.

Choyamba "kukolola"

Anthu onse ndi mbadwa za Vivasvata. Popeza iye mwini anali munthu wobadwa kuchokera kubadwa, ana ake akuluakulu anabadwira anthu wamba. Awiri mwa iwo - mapasa amodzi ndi akazi okhaokha, anapatsidwa pafupifupi mayina omwewo: Yami ndi Yama.

Iwo anali anthu oyambirira, kotero cholinga chawo chinali kukhazikitsa dzikolo. Komabe, malinga ndi buku lina, Yama anakana ukwati wachiwerewere ndi mlongo wake. Pofuna kupewa choopsa ichi, mnyamatayo anapita ulendo, komwe, patapita nthawi, anagwidwa ndi Imfa.

Kotero anakhala "kotuta" yoyamba, yomwe inatha kusonkhanitsa chilengedwe cha Brahma. Komabe, nkhani yake sinathe pomwepo. Popeza kuti bambo wa Yama panthawiyo anakhala mulungu wa dzuwa, mwana wake wamwamuna analandiriranso malo a ku India.

Komabe, tsogolo lake silinali lopulumutsidwa - anali woti adziyerekezere ndi Hade Hade, ndiko kuti, kulamulira dziko la akufa. Kuchokera apo, Yama akuwoneka kuti ndi mulungu wa Imfa, kwa iwo amene amasonkhanitsa miyoyo ndi woweruza kuchokera ku ntchito zapadziko lapansi, posankha komwe munthu apita. Pambuyo pake, Yami adayanjananso ndi iye - akuwonetsa mphamvu zakuda za dziko lapansi ndipo amayang'anira mbali imeneyi ya dziko lapansi komwe amai amawalanga.

Kodi usiku unachokera kuti?

"Nthano ya kulenga usiku" - yochepa kwambiri mu nthano ya Chirasha. Awuza momwe mlongo wa munthu woyamba, yemwe adatengedwa ndi Imfa, sakanakhoza kulimbana ndi chisoni chake mwanjira iliyonse.

Popeza nthawi ya tsiku silinalipo, tsikulo linakokedwa kosatha. Iye nthawi zonse amatsatira zokhutira zonse ndikuyesera kuthetsa chisoni chake mofanana ndi momwe Yama adafera lerolino ndipo ndi zolakwika kuiwala za iye mofulumira.

Ndiyeno, kuti tsikulo lifike pamapeto, milunguyo inalenga usiku. Tsiku lotsatira chisoni cha msungwanacho chinathera, ndipo Yami anatha kusiya m'bale wake. Kuchokera apo, mawu amveka, tanthawuzo lomwe liri lofanana ndi "nthawi yamachiritsira" yoyenera kwa ife.