Best kwa nthawi - Lewis Mfuti

The First World nkhondo ukasintha anasintha maganizo nkhondo pa njira ya nkhondo. Ndipo ngati pa chiyambi, "wogontha" chitetezo ya sanafune kuti oyenda thandizo magalimoto kwambiri mafoni, akhala kwambiri pa mapeto a nkhondo. Ena mwa iwo anali makina mfuti, kuphatikizapo mfuti ya makina Lewis, akatswiri ambiri amaona zabwino.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Lingaliro luso latsopano makina mfuti mwakuchita Samuel MacLean, koma kubweretsa izo kwa zinachitika kwenikweni chinachitika yekha US Army kapitawo Isaaka Lyuisa. Iye nayenso setifiketi lingaliro, ndi mfuti dzina lake - Lewis makina mfuti. Komabe, "dzanja", iye sanali mwakamodzi, poyamba anali makina mfuti ndi madzi utakhazikika, koma ndiye Lewis ntchito pulani yoyambirira ya kukakamizidwa mpweya kuzirala kwa mbiya, amene kwambiri yafupika kulemera kwa mfuti ndipo amaloledwa kuchita izo pamanja (by njira, dongosolo ndi kwina kulikonse, kupatula Russia makina mfuti "Pecheneg" si ntchito). yopanga zida wakhazikitsidwa pa zomera BSA (Birmingham Zida Zazing'ono) ku United Kingdom. Choyamba Army, amene analowa utumiki Lewis mfuti ya makina, anali asilikali Belgium (1913). Iye anayamba kuona izo mu kuchitapo.

The makina mfuti wakhala bwino kwambiri, makamaka poyerekeza ndi mtundu womwewo wa chida nthawi, ndipo posakhalitsa lalandiridwa ndi makamu ambiri wa dziko. Komanso, kufalikira sanali kokha oyenda ake Baibulo, komanso kusinthidwa ndege. Last yodziwika ndi kupanda yozizira machitidwe ndi makatiriji ndi mbale zikuluzikulu. Mbali liniya wa ankhondo a Lewis makina mfuti anatumikira mpaka chiyambi cha zotsatira nkhondo lalikulu limene wakhalanso ntchito, koma zedi yaing'ono. Yopanga anasiya kwathunthu mu 1942.

Kamangidwe ka makina mfuti

Lewis Mfuti ukugwira ntchito mwa kuchotsa mpweya ufa. Mbiya yatsekedwa ndi kutembenuzira shutter, womwenso Onyamula Zazitali Ayi ake mu grooves chosula pa bokosi zitsulo. Phinduza yekha pa ndalama za yokhota kumapeto poyambira pa chipata maziko bawuti. Machine mfuti umakhala basi moto. Kuwombera umayamba ndi shutter lotseguka, lomwe limakhudza anthu yolondola zida. Yobweretsa zipolopolo amachokera makatiriji choyambirira litayamba yomwe imakonzedwa mu zigawo zingapo.

Malinga ndi mphamvu sitolo kungakhale zigawo ziwiri (47 zipolopolo) kapena anayi (97 zipolopolo). Mu shopu palibe chakudya kasupe kuti ukasintha chimasiyanitsa izo ku machitidwe ena. zipolopolo kugonjera ndi chifukwa kasinthasintha wa litayamba, imene izo zimayambitsa basi makina mfuti. Voterani akhoza lizilamuliridwa kachizindikiro pa chipinda mpweya. Kumbuyo-kanthu kasupe - ng'oma mtundu, amene amalola kusintha pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi wapadera.

Features mfuti

Lewis makina mfuti kuwombera 7,62 millimeter chipolopolo ndi kuipanikiza mathamangidwe mamita 747 pa mphindi ndi mlingo wa moto wa zipolopolo 550 pa mphindi imodzi. Kugwiritsa yowotcha osiyanasiyana mamita 1,800. litayamba kulemera wodzazidwa makatiriji, makilogalamu 17,8.

chitsanzo kuti anatsanziradi

Khalidwe latsopano makina mfuti anayamikira osati mwa maiko Entente, komanso adani awo. asilikali German wotchedwa Lewis Mfuti "njoka yambobo". dzina ili analandira kwa sayenda mkulu, chozemba ndi chosiyana "mawu". Mzinda mfuti Germany adasandulika pansi Mauzerovskogo katiriji ndi mwachangu ntchito. Izo ziyenera ankaganiza kuti zinachitikira chikondi ndi chida ichi anakankhira okonza German kulenga Baibulo lawo limene ife kudziwa zinthu zabwino German makina mfuti MG-42.