Zachiwawa zipolopolo: chipangizo, ntchito za kusaka ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zachiwawa zipolopolo pankhondo ndi kusaka. Ngakhale malamulo oletsa alipo ntchito pa nthawi yathu, ndipo anapanga zawo. Iwo akhoza kukhala chipangizo osiyana, ndi likungosonyeza anachita, kotero muyenera kuonanso iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

History zipolopolo za zachiwawa

Ndi bomba zipolopolo amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zambiri zotsutsana pa ntchito zida zankhondo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. magwero Official chete pa ntchito zawo, koma memoir mabuku asamabisanso izi. makatiriji izi zakhala ziri mu utumiki ndi mbali zonse, koma zedi okha. Ndege anali ogula waukulu wa mankhwala ndi osiyanasiyana ndi mtengo.

Mitundu ya zida ntchito bwanji kuganizira pa gawo loyamba la nkhondo. M'chaka cha 1943 madokotala makombo a zipolopolo mu mabala zokayikitsa anapezeka. Zotsatira kafukufuku anali Zikuvumbulutsidwa kwa asilikali. Popeza zambiri pa ulimi wa makatiriji zachiwawa chete, tinganene kuti iwo anadza ndi mfuti.

Bullets ndi mlandu akuphulikira ntchito kulimbana ndege mdani m'zaka XVIII ndipo anapangidwa ndi zosinthidwa za chipolopolo ndi pamwamba ozungulira. balloons kugonjetsedwa chofunika ntchito womvera zotsatira za kamangidwe ndi phunziroli ndi, kuchita chigawo cha pamwamba, ndi chiwonongeko cha zida cholimba wa kapu yake recessed mu dzenje ili pamwamba pa mankhwala. Mu 1916, ndi akuphulikira mlandu chipolopolo analowa utumiki British Army.

zipolopolo Action zachiwawa

Ndi kuchuluka ngati a makatiriji ndi okhudzidwa ndi zolakwika. Kuti timvetse zomwe ziri zoona, m'pofunika kudziwa zimene chipangizo ndi chipolopolo ndi zachiwawa. Iwo zigwirizana wa kapisozi chipolopolo, ndi kupheratu lama fuyusi ndi zachiwawa.

chipolopolo kugonjetsedwa zimatheka chifukwa chakuti chimandiswa mu ambiri a zotsala. Ngati iwo kulowa m'thupi, munthu ali ndi mwayi wa kupulumuka. Komabe, munitions awa oletsedwa ntchito mu anthu oti wa mdani, koma izi sizikhudza nthawi imene pali kulimbana ndi ndege ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Zachiwawa katiriji amanyamula mlandu wa kuphulika, amene ngati kukhudzana ndi cholepheretsa detonates. munitions awa sali ofunika kukwera mtengo kwa kupanga, koma kwambiri zothandiza. Pakuti ntchito zomvetsa yokulirapo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida sindigwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo, chifukwa sangathe kunyamula mtengo zokwanira izi. Ngakhale abwino ntchito pa mipherezero mpweya mdani. Zachiwawa zipolopolo zosiyanasiyana mu zinalengedwera, koma nthawi zambiri ndi zomwezo.

A zosiyanasiyana zipolopolo zachiwawa chifukwa kusaka

Molakwa wotchedwa akuphulikira yolimbanirana ndi zipolopolo yosavuta wachabechabe Front, chimene anamasulidwa mu akutilola kudula. Izi zimachitika zokha chifukwa chipolopolo mapindikidwe chifukwa mphamvu ya amadza. Ziyenera kukhala bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iwo, pofuna kumvetsa nkhani mwatsatanetsatane.

chipolopolo Mead

Ambiri a okalamba angatchedwe kwamakokedwe chipolopolo, limene anapanga ndi Mead. Ilinso ndi chipolopolo akunja opangidwa ndi kutsogolera ndipo amkati ozungulira chipolopolo yopangidwa ndi mkuwa. Kutsogolo ali dzenje adachitira ndi percussion zikuchokera, ndipo kumbuyo - khutu kwa mchira chingwe. Ndiyamika kukhalapo kwake chipolopolo igunda chandamale mbewu. Zamgululi popanda mchira angagwiritsidwe ntchito migolo rifled. zinachitika awo kukhala zida zankhondo grenade, amene okonzeka ndi chingwe ndi uyatsa ufa mpweya.

Frangible zipolopolo zozungulira mawonekedwe

zipolopolo Round si oyenera tcheru kuti katundu wawo ballistic. Lopanda mkati, anafuna kuti zachiwawa, ali ndi buku laling'ono ndipo kwambiri zimatithandiza chipolopolo. ordnance zoterezi ndege njira, ndipo wotaya liwiro lake ndi zambiri mofulumira. zotsatira chokwanira sungagulire ndi wochepa zikuchokera ndi zachiwawa.

elongated chipolopolo

zipolopolo Oblong ndi changwiro choposa. Ali okwana kutalika 26 mm. Yakudza awiri akukhudzidwira ndi 14,9 mm, opanda awiri - 5.5 mamilimita ndi kuya kwake - 14 mm. 0.2 ga wautsi ufa udzathiridwa mu chubu cha chitsulo pepala, amene anaikapo mu njira cylindrical. Patsogolo pa chubu akankhidwira kapisozi, ndi kukulitsa mu chipolopolo lapansi. Kuti akalandire mu dziwe ndi kuthetsa imfa zotheka, mtovu adagulung'undisa m'mphepete mwa chipolopolo lapansi. mankhwala ntchito mfuti rifled anaikira kupha nyama zoopsa lalikulu. Kwa iwo, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zachiwawa 12 likungosonyeza, kotero iwo akhoza kuletsa masewera chachikulu.

Zachiwawa chipolopolo Ushakov

Zachiwawa chipolopolo Ushakov ali pini m'malo machubu. Komanso, kapisozi yakwera pansi pa njira cylindrical. Mikangano nayo kutsogolo kwa pini mu pulagi kuchokera patsogolo. Kuchepetsa tilinazo, izo adzafupikitsidwa kapena kukankha kuchokera kapisozi a. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi yosalala-inabala mfuti, muyenera kupereka ndege zipolopolo warhead patsogolo. Izi zikhoza kutheka ndi kuika mchira ku mtengo.

The ntchito zipolopolo zachiwawa chifukwa kusaka

Kusaka makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri zipolopolo ntchito atseka mphamvu ndi olondola ndipo anaponya. Malinga ndi chilinganizo Zhossera, ndi chizindikiro choyamba ndi wofanana ndi mankhwala a yachigawo m'dera mtanda wa mankhwala pa ake mphamvu kayendedwe. Izi sakhala ndi zipolopolo chipangizo.

Poganizira kapangidwe zipolopolo kwa mfuti kwa kusaka, ndi ponena zikuphulika zipolopolo ofunika "Jacques." Iwo kuonjezera wotseka mphamvu, koma mu nkhani ya kuwombera pa tchire akapanda lotseguka. Pakali pano, amakhala ovuta kwambiri kupeza.

Mpaka posachedwapa, makatiriji ndi kanthu ofanana si nsembe kwa alenje. Pachifukwa ichi, mfulu "kagawo kakang'ono" wotanganidwa "Duplex" makatiriji, amene akhala zachilendo kwa iwo msika zoweta. Ku Ulaya, iwo kwa nthawi yaitali anasonyeza mbali zabwino.

Zachiwawa zipolopolo kuchokera "Duplex" sewerolo adzakhala singasiyanitsidwe pamene kusaka m'madera aone ochepa nkhalango. Ngati nyama limapezeka maganizo, inu athanso kuwombera kwa kupezeka. Zachiwawa projectile angathe kuchitapo kanthu mphalapala, Boar nyama kapena chimbalangondo. Kusankha kukhala mlenje, amene ndi bwino kusankha makatiriji. Zachiwawa zipolopolo ndi zambiri aluso, koma ndalama zambiri.

Zachiwawa zipolopolo kwa airguns

mafani zambiri kuwombera pa pneumatic chida chilili kusowa kugulitsa zipolopolo ndi zinthu zachiwawa. pamaso pawo sasamalira china koma akatemera zedi. Komanso, iwo akhoza kuyesera kuti zipolopolo zachiwawa ndi manja ake. Musanayambe kuzikhulupirira njira akufuna, nthawi zambiri mungazipeze pa maonekedwe, m'pofunika kuganizira. Popeza zinachitikira ndi chidziwitso m'munda wa zida sikuthandiza zisamakuchitikireni. Pa detonation zipolopolo anapanga kunyumba zambiri kuchokera mchira awo. Choncho adzauluka pa liwilo mu muvi.

Nthawi zambiri zonse zipolopolo zachiwawa chifukwa airguns 4.5, monga likungosonyeza laling'ono. Koma m'pofunika kudziwa kuti formulations okonzekera zipolopolo discontinuous pneumatic ili ndi mankhwala zoipa. Iwo chingachititse pozungulira. Musanasankhe kuwombera kuswa manja awo, ayenera kuganizira mfundo yakuti zotsatira za mfuti akhoza ndalama mavuto adzaoneni.

Zachiwawa chipolopolo "dum-dum"

Kodi dzina kuwonjezera zipolopolo. Iwo omwe amapezeka mwapadera, omwe amaonjezera awiri chifukwa yomanga ake. Izi zimachitika pamene zifika kwa minofu zofewa anthu, ndiyeno chinawonjezeka kupha mphamvu yake.

Expansiveness otchedwa luso chipolopolo kuonjezera awiri imene anali pachiyambi. Amachita osati thupi komanso ina chilengedwe zofewa. Pakali pano, zikuphulika zipolopolo "dum-dum" akuletsedwa ntchito zida zankhondo. Komabe, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito njira za kusaka ndi kudziteteza. Ntchito imatengedwa zipolopolo zosavomerezeka ndi lonse lankhondo wamasiku chipolopolo.

Kwa nthawi yaitali kuti handguns ntchito zipolopolo zofewa wa kutsogolera popanda chipolopolo ndi likungosonyeza lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zipolopolo zachiwawa 12 likungosonyeza. Pamene jekeseni chilengedwe zofewa iwo kukula m'mimba mwake. Choncho, iwo amatha kudzetsa kuvulala kwambiri pamene nyama ndi munthu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, asilikali n'kuyamba pa mfuti ndi likungosonyeza yaing'ono.

makatiriji Nthawi zambiri ndithu sanathe kulimbana ndi kuthamanga anapanga opanda utsi onga zida mbiya. Poganizira zimenezi, ndi okonza anayamba ntchito mankhwala, amene anali chipolopolo pa maziko a patsogolo. Zikhale za chitsulo monga mkuwa, zitsulo, mkuwa ndi cupronickel. makatiriji Awa pa mbiya mfuti kudalirika popanda kuipitsa izo.

"Dum-dum" zikuphulika zipolopolo kuti oletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito Hague Convention mu 1899. Chilengezo chimenechi kwavomelezedwa ndi kusainidwa ndi maiko khumi. Khumi limati kusala kusaina. Chifukwa chimodzi kukhazikitsidwa ananena panali anthu. Komanso, zipolopolo anali mkulu ndege liwiro, nchifukwa chake utachepa patali. Pankhaniyi, chipolopolo "dum-dum" sindisangalalabe ndi grooves mkati mbiya, kugoletsa utsogoleri wawo. drawback wina ndi mapindikidwe wa katiriji pa nthawi ya Kutengera a sitolo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuchedwa mu kuwombera kapena wolephera wa chida.

The ntchito zipolopolo zachiwawa m'zaka XXI

Pakali pano, zipolopolo awa sanataye kufunika kwake, ngakhale chiletso alipo pa ntchito ya usilikali. Iwo ayenera kuchita ntchito, kutithandiza kuona ndi kuwonjezeka wotseka mphamvu zipolopolo. Zilibe kanthu kuwomberako osiyanasiyana. chikhalidwe imeneyi imagwira ntchito mfuti ndi mfuti kusaka. Amachitanso zogwirizana mu nkhondo ndi kusaka. Makamaka wotchuka ndi elongated zipolopolo vozdushki discontinuous.

Komanso, ntchito, chifukwa iwo musatisiye masewera molasidwa mwa nyama kuti adzakhala silingayende bwino. A khalidwe lofanana wapanga iwo otchuka kwa apolisi ntchito. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa ndi mkulu polekezera mphamvu, ndi otsika Mwina kumenya chandamale magazi, amene kumatha kuthekera anaima odyetserako.