Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich: yonena, kulenga cholowa, moyo

Voloshin Maksimilian (zaka za moyo - 1877 - 1932) - ndakatulo, zojambulajambula, mbiri luso, zolembalemba, wotsutsa. Voloshin - ndi pseudonym. dzina lake lenileni - Kirienko-Voloshin.

Childhood, zaka wophunzira

Wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa mu Kiev mu 1877, 16 (28) a May. makolo makolo ake anali Zaporozhye Cossacks. Mwa mayi m'banja anali Germany, Russified m'zaka 17. Maximilian bambo ake anamwalira zaka 3. Mu Moscow, anakhala ubwana wake ndi unyamata a ndakatulo iyi. mayi ake mu 1893, anagula mu Feodosiya ili pafupi Koktebel dziko. Apa, mu 1897 Voloshin Maksimilian sukulu ya sekondale. Iye analowa Moscow University (ufuluwo - Law). Maximilian monga wophunzira anali nawo ntchito chosintha. Iye anali nawo February 1900 Zonse-Russian wophunzira amenye. Chifukwa cha ichi, komanso chizolowezi mukubwadamuka ndi "maganizo dziko," Voloshin Maximilian anali inaimitsidwa ku sukulu.

Yambani kuyenda

Pofuna kupewa mavuto zikachitika, iye anapita ku yomanga njanji mu chaka cha 1900. Voloshin nthawi ino, pambuyo amatchedwa "zoopsa kamphindi" chotsimikiziridwa moyo wake tsogolo lauzimu. Yomanga, anamva kalekale, Asia East, pa chikhalidwe European.

Komabe, mwachangu familiarizing Maximilian kuti zomwe la European Azungu ozindikira ndipo luso la kuyenda woyamba kumakhaladi cholinga ofunika a ndakatulo iyi. Iye anali mu zaka 1899-1900 ku Italy, France, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary. Makamaka Maximilian anakopeka Paris. Apa ndi pamene anaona mzinda wa European, motero moyo chilengedwe wauzimu. Maximilian Alexandrovich anabwerera ku Asia chifukwa choopa chizunzo zina, aganiza kupita West.

Moyo Paris, kuyenda patsogolo, "nyumba ya ndakatulo" mwa Koktebel

Mu Paris, Voloshin Maksimilian (chithunzi chake m'nkhani ino) anapita kangapo nthawi kuchokera 1901 mpaka 1916, ndinali kuno. Pakati, wolemba ndakatulo anapanga maulendo "kuti dziko wakale Mediterranean." Komanso, anapita akufika ku mitu onse Russian. Voloshin pa nthawi imeneyo anakhala mu "nyumba ndakatulo ake 'mu Koktebel, limene inasanduka ngati likulu la chikhalidwe chawo, mpumulo ndi chitetezo zolembalemba osankhika. G. Shengeli womasulira ndi ndakatulo, anamutcha iye "ndi Cimmerian Athens". Nthawi zina m'nyumba anachezeredwa ndi Andrei Bely, Vyacheslav Bruce, Alexei Tolstoy, limakhulupirira Gorky, Nikolay Gumilev, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich, E. Zamyatin, Sun. Ivanov, Chukovsky, Mikhail Bulgakov ndipo ambiri olemba ena, aluso ndi asayansi.

Voloshin - buku wotsutsa

Monga wotsutsa zolembalemba Voloshin Maksimilian anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake mu 1899. Mu magazini "Russian lingaliro" anabwera review wake wamng'ono popanda siginecha. Mu May 1900 nkhani yaitali lotchedwa "Mu Kuteteza Hauptmann" linasindikizidwa mu magazini chomwecho. Yosainidwa "Max. Voloshin." Nkhaniyi anali oyamba mu Russia manifestos wa aesthetics modernist. Pambuyo amene anabwera nkhani zina. Total Voloshin anawalembera 36 - mabuku Russian, 35 - pa French ndi Russian Theatre, 28 - za mabuku French, komanso 49 Nkhani za zochitika za French zachikhalidwe. Anatengedwa ndipo analengeza mfundo luso la chimakono. Voloshin latsopano zolembalemba chodabwitsa cha dziko lathu (makamaka otchedwa kulenga Symbolists wamng'ono) anayambitsa pa nkhani ya chi chikhalidwe European.

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, amene mbiri kudera, analinso wothandizila zolembalemba, mlangizi, wazamalonda, kupembedzera ndi kufalitsa Katswiri "Chisoni", "Scorpio" ndi Sabashnikovyh abale. ntchito yake yophunzitsa iye anatchula Chibuda, matsenga, Chikatolika, theosophy, ziŵanda, freemasonry. Zonsezi anatenga Maximilian mu ntchito yake kudzera disolo luso. Makamaka, anayamikira "ndi pathos wa ganizo" ndi "ndakatulo maganizo", choncho nkhani ake anali ngati ndakatulo, ndi ndakatulo - pa pepala (izo anati Ehrenburg, amene anadzipereka yakeyo lofalitsidwa mu 1923 buku la "Zithunzi za olemba a chi chi") .

Ndime yoyamba

Poyamba, ndakatulo ambiri analemba Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, ndakatulo. Pafupifupi onse a iwo anayikidwa mu bukhu, amene anaonekera mu 1910 ( "ndakatulo. 1900-1910"). Dzanja "jeweler", "woona mbuye" anaziwona izo Bryusov. Voloshin ndinaganiza aphunzitsi awo katswiri mapulasitiki ndakatulo Zh. M. Eredia, Gauthier neri Al. Olemba ndakatulo "Parnassian" ku France. ntchito zawo mu counterweight verlenovskim kwa "nyimbo" malangizo. Izi zilandiridwenso khalidwe Voloshin akhoza zimachitika deta yake yoyamba, komanso kwa wachiwiri, amene anali wasenza ndi Maximilian mu 1920s oyambirira ndi sichinayambe lofalitsidwa. Iwo ankatchedwa "Selva oscura". Amaphatikiza ndakatulo analengedwa mu nthawi kuchokera 1910 mpaka 1914. Ambiri a iwo anabwera pambuyo m'buku osankhidwa, amene anaonekera mu 1916 ( "ivernit").

Lathu pa Verhaeren

Zimakhala yaitali nkhani za chilengedwe cha ndakatulo monga Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Wambiri mwachidule m'nkhani ino lili yekha mfundo zazikulu za izo. Tikumbukenso kuti lathu bwino ndale a ndakatulo amakhala kuyambira chiyambi cha 1st nkhondo World, E. Verhaeren. Mabaibulo Brusov la nsana wake mu 1907 yakuti "Emile Verhaeren ndi Valeriy Bryusov" Maximilian anali pansi kutsutsa choopsa. Voloshin yekha anawamasulira Verhaeren "ku mfundo zosiyanasiyana view" ndi "pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana." Khalidwe lokonda iye, mwachidule m'buku la 1919, "Verhaeren. Choikidwiratu. Zilandiridwenso. Kumasulira."

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich - Russian ndakatulo amene analemba ndakatulo za nkhondo. Zina mwa chopereka mu 1916 "Anno Mundi ardentis", ali mwangwiro mu nyimbo verhanovskoy poetics. Iwo kukonzedwa zifanizo ndi njira apamwamba ndakatulo, amene wakhala mbali khola la lonse ndakatulo nthawi Maximilian chosintha, nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi zaka wotsatira. Gawo la ndakatulo olembedwa pa nthawi imeneyo, inafalitsidwa mu bukhu mu 1919 "Ziwanda wogontha", mbali inayo inali mu 1923, lofalitsidwa mu Berlin pansi udindo "ndakatulo mantha." Komabe, ambiri a ntchito zimenezi anakhalabe pamanja.

chizunzo Official

Mu 1923 ndinayamba hounding Voloshin ndi boma. dzina lake iyiwalika. Mu USSR mu nthawi kuchokera 1928 mpaka mu 1961, mzere umodzi a ndakatulo iyi sizimawoneka kulisindikiza. Pamene Ehrenburg mu 1961, mwaulemu kunena Maulendo Ake za Voloshin, nthawi yomweyo zinayambitsa kudzudzula A. Dymshitz, amene ananena chakuti Maximilian anali aipa wamng'ono ndi sanasangalale kuti zingapo.

Bwererani ku Crimea, kuyesera kuti aswe mu kusindikiza

M'chaka cha 1917 Voloshin anabwerera ku Crimea. Mu autobiography wake mu 1925, iye analemba kuti salinso kuwasiya iwo, ndipo osati amasamuka kanthu akapulumuka. Poyambirira, iye ananena kuti silipezeka pa aliyense wa zipani wolimbana, koma amakhala yekha Russia ndi kuchita momwemo; ndipo iye analemba kuti anafunika kukhala Russia mpaka ku mapeto. Voloshin House ili Koktebel, anakhalabe odwalayo pa Civil nkhondo. Apa iwo anapeza chitetezo ndi kubisalira kuzunzidwa ndi alonda woyera, ndi atsogoleri a ofiira ndi. Maximilian analemba mu 1926 ndakatulo "Nyumba ya ndakatulo iyi." "Red Mtsogoleri" anali Bela Kun. Pambuyo Wrangel anagonjetsedwa, iye ndi m'bungwe njala ndi mantha anathamanga ndi pacification a Crimea. Zikuoneka ngati mphotho ya kusunga ndi Kuhn pa Soviet nyengo Voloshin nyumba wakhala apulumuka, komanso bata anapereka. Komabe, ngakhale mtengo wake, kapena amasamala V. Veresaeva, otchuka pa nthawiyo, kapena mtundu wa kulapa ndi opempha Kudandaula L. Kamenev wamphamvu zonse ideologue (mu 1924) sizinathandize Maximilian yopuma mu kusindikiza.

Awiri malangizo Voloshin maganizo

Voloshin analemba vesili kuti ndi njira yokhayo maganizo. Ndipo iwo anathamangira naye ku mbali ziwiri. Choyamba - historiosophical (tsoka la Russia, ntchito imene anamutenga ochekenera zambiri conventionally achipembedzo). The chachiwiri - odana ndi mbiri yakale. Mwachitsanzo mkombero "Njira ya Kaini" ndipo izi zikusonyeza maganizo a anarchism chilengedwe. Wolemba ndakatulo analemba kuti ntchito zimenezi, amapanga pafupifupi maganizo onse a zake chitukuko, zomwe munkakhala negative. Tikumbukenso mkulu nditaona mmene mkombero uwu.

Kuvomerezeka ndi mankhwala yosadziwika

Incoherence wamaganizo, khalidwe la Voloshin, anatsogolera zambiri chakuti analenga ankaonera zina monga melodeclamation grandiloquent ( "Preosuschestvlenie", "Woyera Russia", "Kitezh", "The Time a Angelo," "Bakuman Field"), aestheticized punditry ( "Cosmos "" ng'ona "," Tanob "ndipo ena ntchito zina" Njira ya Kaini "), pretentious stylization (" Dmetrius-Mfumu "," Archpriest Habakuku, "" Saint Seraphim, "" Nthano ya Inoke Epiphany "). Komabe, tinganene kuti ambiri a ndakatulo za nthawi chosintha akhala amavomereza kuti mabuku yeniyeni umboni ndakatulo (mwachitsanzo, typological zithunzi "Bourgeois", "speculator", "The Red" neri Al., M'nyimbo akuti "pansi pa gehena" ndi "Changu "losafuna mwaluso" kumpoto "ndi ntchito zina).

Nkhani za luso ndi kupenta phunziro

Zitasintha, ntchito yake monga luso wotsutsa ndinayima. Komabe, Maximilian anatha kufalitsa nkhani 34 pa Russian maluso abwino, komanso nkhani 37 pa French luso. monographic ntchito yake yoyamba zoyenera Surikov, zimabweretsa ake. Buku la "Mzimu wa Gothic" anatsala yosatha. Pamwamba Maximilian ntchito mu 1912 ndi 1913.

Voloshin ananyamula kupenta kuti uweruze katswiri za luso masomphenya. Mwamwayi, iye anali wojambula wamphatso. Crimea watercolor mitunda, anaphedwa ndi zolemba ndakatulo, anakhala mtundu wanyimbo amakonda. Mu 1932 (11 August) ku Koktebel anafa Maximilian Voloshin. Mwachidule yonena akhoza wodzilemekeza zambiri za moyo wake, chidwi mfundo imene ife azipereka pansipa.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo payekha Voloshin

Duel Voloshin ndi Nikolaya Gumileva unachitikira pa Black Mtsinje, amene komwe Pushkin anawomberedwa Dantes. Izo zinachitika mu '72 ndipo kenako komanso akazi. Komabe, tsoka akugwirabe ndiye awiri ndakatulo wotchuka, kodi Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich ndi Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Wolemba ndakatulo, amene chithunzi chili m'munsimu, - Nikolai Gumilyov.

Iwo kuwombera chifukwa Lizy Dmitrievoy. Anapita ku Inde staroispanskoy ndi Old French mabuku pa Sorbonne. Woyamba wa mtsikana ukapolo Gumilyov. Ananka naye kukaona Voloshin mu Koktebel. Iye ananyenga mtsikanayo. Nikolay Gumilyov kumanzere momwe anavutikira zosafunika. Komabe, nkhani imeneyi ikupitirira patapita kanthawi, ndipo zinapangitsa kuti duel a. bwalo alamulidwa kuti amangidwe mlungu umodzi Gumilev ndi Voloshin - kuti tsiku lina.

The mkazi woyamba Maksimiliana Voloshina - Margarita Sabashnikova. Ndi kuti, anakapezeka nkhani pa Sorbonne. Ukwati Komabe, posakhalitsa unatha - anagwa mchikondi ndi Vyacheslav Ivanov. mkazi ake anamuuza Sabashnikova moyo atatu. Komabe, banja la "mtundu watsopano" sizinagwire ntchito. mkazi wake wachiwiri anali namwino Maria Stepanova (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), kusamalira amayi okalamba a Maximilian.