Vladimir Monomakh: chojambula cha mbiri yakale. Fotokozani ndondomeko ya Vladimir Monomakh

Vladimir Monomakh amadziŵika kwa akatswiri a mbiriyakale amasiku abwino kuposa mafumu ena a nthawi imeneyo. Zaka za moyo wake (1053-1125) zimadziwika, komanso kuti iye anabadwa ndi Vsevolod Yaroslavich ndi "mfumukazi ya Chigiriki". Malinga ndi amayi ake, Vladimir anali mdzukulu wa Constantine IX (mfumu ya Byzantine), ndipo ndi bambo ake - Yaroslav Wochenjera.

Analandira maphunziro abwino kwambiri, adadziwa zinenero zingapo kuphatikizapo Chigiriki. Ngakhale Aroma akale ankaona kuti n'kofunika kudziwa chinenero ichi kuti apitirize maphunziro. Zonse za sayansi, filosofi ndi zauzimu za nthawiyi zidatseguka kwa iwo amene amamvetsetsa mawu ndi kulemba kwachi Greek. Pa maphunziro a mbiri kusukulu mungamve funsoli: "Fotokozani ndondomeko ya Vladimir Monomakh." Nkhaniyi imaperekedwa kwa iye.

Chiyambi cha boma

M'zaka zoyambirira, Vladimir Vsevolodovich analamulira ku Rostov, ndiye ku Smolensk, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl. Ulamuliro wake mu ndale sunatheke. Iye anali wolimba mtima wotsutsana ndi mkangano wa mgulu pakati pa akalonga. Kuyankha funso: "Perekani ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya Vladimir Monomakh," muyenera kufufuza mosamala zochitika za Lubets Congress of Princes.

Anali Vladimir amene anayambitsa msonkhano umenewu ku Lyubich mu 1097, omwe cholinga chake chinali kuletsa chigwirizano pakati pa akalonga ndikuyamba kumvetsetsa za omwe ali nawo. Anatsogolera nkhondoyi ndi matumbo m'moyo wake wonse.

Zizindikiro za ndondomekoyi

Mdani wamkulu wa Russia, kuphatikizapo nkhondo zachifumu, Vladimir Monomakh anakhulupirira Polovtsi. Iye ndiye amene anatha kuthetsa anthu osankhidwawo ndi kukhazikitsa moyo wamtendere mu boma kwa zaka makumi atatu.

Kuwonjezera pa zida, kuti asunge mtendere m'mayiko awo, adagwiritsa ntchito agogo ake a Yaroslav anzeru. Zikudziwika kuti adadzitcha kuti "apongozi ake a ku Ulaya". Vladimir Vsevolodovich anakwatira ana ake kwa ana aakazi a Polovtsian khan. Motero, analimbitsa ubale wamtendere ndi iye.

Kalonga mwiniyo anali wokwatiwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya Anglo-Saxon Gita. Pothandizidwa ndi maukwati apakati, iye adatha kukhala wachibale ndi dziko la Swedish, Norwegian, Byzantine, Hungary. Kenaka, ndondomeko ya pakhomo ya Vladimir Monomakh idzafotokozedwa mwachidule.

Mfundo zapakhomo

Zizindikiro za ndondomeko ya Vladimir Monomakh sizitha ku nkhondo zokha, zimalimbana ndi kusagwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko. Ankachita nawo ntchito yowonjezera moyo waumphawi, ntchito zapachiweniweni, zomangamanga. Kotero, mu annals palinso kutchulidwa kwa kumangidwa kwa mlatho kudutsa Dnieper, kulimbikitsa mizinda ya Ladoga ndi Novgorod Wamkulu, kulengedwa kwa akachisi ambiri.

Masoka ambiri adagwera pa Rus 'gawo la nthawi imeneyo, pamodzi ndi iwo kalonga sakanatha kumenyana. Zochitika zoterezi ndi zochitika zikuphatikizapo:

• Zivomezi;
• Chilala;
• Chigumula (nthawi zambiri ku Novgorod);
• Mafunde (makamaka owononga anali moto ku Kiev mu 1124, anadutsa masiku awiri ndipo anawononga lonse Podol ndi gawo la Mtsinje Wakumpoto);
• Kuthamanga kwa dzombe (kumwera).

Kuti athetse miyoyo ya anthu, kalonga adasintha "choonadi cha Russia". Pambuyo pa kuwonjezeredwa kwake, adatchedwanso "Chilemba cha Vladimir Monomakh". Zinaphatikizapo ziganizo pazikhala ndi ngongole ya ndalama, yomwe peresenti imodzi ya malipiro a ngongoleyo inakhazikitsidwa. Izi zinapangitsa anthu wamba (ryadovich, smerds, ndi ogula) kuti asatengeke kukhala akapolo chifukwa cha ngongole zawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chikalatacho chinateteza anyamata, amalonda, olimbikitsa ndalama, ogulitsa ndalama, atsogoleri achipembedzo kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri.

Ngakhale kuti akufuna kukhala ogwirizana, malamulo a pakhomo a Vladimir Monomakh sanapereke chiwonongeko cha dongosololi. Kwa zaka zambiri, malingaliro anapangidwa kuti kalonga ayenera kugwirizanitsa mmanja mwake monga momwe zingathere kwa iyeyo ndi ana ake.

Kuphunzitsa ana

Vladimir Monomakh, yemwe ndondomeko yake yapakhomo sikunali kokha polimbana ndi mikangano, ikuyimiridwa ndi ntchito zolemba. Imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe kalonga adatchuka ndizo "Malangizo kwa ana." Ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha nzeru zake, erudition, kuwerenga, kudzipereka. Mmenemo, amachititsa ana ake kukhala mwamtendere. Amawapatsa malangizo ake.

Malangizo a Vladimir Monomakh:

• Lemekezani Mulungu koposa zonse;
• Mu nkhondo, khulupirirani nokha, osati kwa bwanamkubwa;
• Musakhale waulesi;
• Kondani akazi anu, koma musalole kuti iwo akhale ndi ulamuliro pa inu;
• Yang'anirani mwambo wa chiweruzo;
• Lemekeza anthu - okalamba monga atate, ndi achinyamata ngati abale;
• Werengani amithenga ndi alendo mphatso kapena zochitira, chifukwa adzakuuzani za dziko;
• Musaiwale chidziwitso chanu ndikuphunzira chilichonse chatsopano.

Ntchito yokhayo imaphunziridwa ndi anthu amasiku onse ngati cholembedwa chapamwamba kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga chilemba cha mbiri yakale chomwe chimalola munthu kumvetsa zochitika za moyo wakale wa ku Russia, njira yake ya moyo, makhalidwe abwino. Kudziwa bwino ntchitoyi kumathandiza ophunzira ndi ana a sukulu kuthana ndi ntchitoyi: "Fotokozani ndondomeko ya Vladimir Monomakh."

Njira yotsiriza

Kalonga anakhala moyo zaka 74. Masiku ake omaliza padziko lapansi anali ogwirizana ndi zochitika za boma. Anapita ku Pereyaslavl, komwe ankafuna kumaliza kumanga tchalitchi cha Boris ndi Gleb.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake, thupi lake linatumizidwa kupita ku Kiev ndipo linaikidwa m'manda ku St. Sophia Cathedral pafupi ndi bambo ake. Wolemba mbiriyo akufotokoza kuti anthu onse analirira iye, chifukwa ankamuwona iye "m'bale, umphawi komanso wodwala wabwino kwa dziko la Russia."

Nthano ya Chida cha Monomakh

Ngati akufunsa kuti: "Fotokozani ndondomeko ya Vladimir Monomakh", ndiyenera kutchula nthano yosangalatsa. Ndikuti pamene kalonga wa Kiev anapita ku Byzantium, mfumuyo inamutumizira zizindikiro za mphamvu (regalia) kwa iye. Atumikiwo adampatsa mphatso, yomwe inali ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi zopatulika:

• Mtanda wa matabwa wokhala pamtanda pomwe Khristu adaphedwa;
• Chikho cha cornelian, chomwe poyamba chinali cha Mfumu Augustus Caesar;
• Zitsulo za golidi (mapewa a paphewa) zokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali;
• Mtsinje wa golide wa Arabia;
• Royal korona.

Iyo inali korona yomwe inadziwika kuti chipewa cha Monomakh. Iye anavekedwa korona ku mpando wachifumu wa mafumu otsatira pambuyo pa Petro Wamkulu. Akatswiri amasiku ano apeza kuti nthano imeneyi ndi yotsutsana, popeza korona ili ndi mfundo zomwe zachokera m'zaka za m'ma 1400.

Komabe, nthano imatsimikizira kuti dziko la Russia linkaonedwa kukhala woloŵa m'malo mwa Constantinople (Constantinople). Kukana ziganizo zoterezi sikunathetsedwe, mbali imodzi chifukwa cha ndondomeko yanzeru ya Vladimir Vsevolodovich.