Van Allen cheza lamba

Earth cheza lamba (RPGs), Van Allena lamba, kapena - dera la malo apamtima kuzungulira dziko, ndi mawonekedwe a mphete, amene chimphona mitsinje ya ma elekitironi ndi mapulotoni. Earth Akuzigwira kudzera mwa munda dipole maginito.

anapeza

EBL anapeza mu 1957-58. Asayansi ku United States ndi Soviet Union. "Explorer 1" (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), woyamba US danga makina, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa umene unachitika mu 1958, anapereka deta zofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha America adakwera zatsopano pa dziko lapansili (pamalo okwera za 1000 km), anapezeka zone cheza (mkati). Kenako wachiwiri malo ngati amenewa anapezeka pamalo okwera pafupifupi 20,000 Km. Palibe malire kwakukulu pakati pa malamba mkati ndi kunja - woyamba pang'onopang'ono mu wachiwiri. The mabacteria awiri nyukiliya amasiyana mlingo wa oyang'anira particles ndi zikuchokera awo.

Mbali zimenezi anadziwika monga Van Allena malamba. Dzheyms Van Allen - katswiri wa sayansi, ndi kuyesera chomwe chinawathandiza kupeza. Asayansi apeza kuti malamba izi zapangidwa ndi mphepo dzuwa ndi mlandu particles kunyezimira kwa dziko, amene amakopeka ndi Dziko Lapansi wa kumunda wake maginito. Aliyense ndipamene torus padziko lapansili (a chithunzi chimene kumaoneka ngati donati a).

Mu mlengalenga, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo akhala zatsopano zambiri. Iwo akuloledwa kufufuza zinthu zofunika ndi katundu wa RPGs. Osati dziko lathuli, pali cheza malamba. Zilipo ndi zina zakuthambo, zimene m'mlengalenga ndi maginito. Cheza lamba Van Allen anapeza chifukwa cha US interplanetary zombo Mars. Komanso, Achimereka icho mu Saturn ndi Jupiter.

Dipole maginito

lathuli ali ndi lamba Van Allena, koma dipole maginito. Ndi ya zipolopolo maginito zinapeza malo okhala wina ndi mzake. Kapangidwe ka munda akufanana ndi kabichi kapena anyezi. Maginito chipolopolo mukhoza kulingalira ngati nsalu ya mizere maginito mphamvu chatsekedwa pamwamba. The pafupi ndi mzinda wa dipole ndi chipolopolo, zazikulu maginito mphamvu. Komanso, zimachitika kuti chofunika kwa adawalamulira tinthu penetrable kunja, komanso kumawonjezera.

Choncho, N-I envelopu ali patsogolo tinthu P _N. Ngati kumene patsogolo koyamba Nyerere ndi zosakwana P _N, izo zimanyezimiritsa ya maginito. The tinthu ndiye abwerera kumka ku malo. Komabe, zimachitika kuti madzulowo chipolopolo N-TH. Pankhaniyi, ndi sanathenso kusiya. Tinthu udzalandidwa mumsampha bola ngati zilibe dissipate, kapena anakumana ndi mpweya yotsalira sadzatayikiridwa mphamvu.

The maginito ya dziko lapansili ndi chipolopolo chomwecho ili pa mtunda wosiyana dziko lapansili pa longitudes osiyana. Izi ndi chifukwa mismatch wa kumunda maginito ndi olamulira wa kasinthasintha wa dziko chitsulo chogwira matayala. Amenewa umaoneka bwino pa Brazil maginito anomaly. M'dera limeneli ndi maginito mizere zasiyidwa, ndi entrained particles chokwawa padziko iwo, angakhale pansipa 100 Km kutalika choncho kugwa mu m'mlengalenga.

zikuchokera RPGs

Mkati mwa cheza lamba likamaomba mapulotoni ma elekitironi. Choyamba ili mu gawo lamkati la izo, ndipo chachiwiri - mu kunja kwa. Choncho, pa siteji oyambirira kuphunzira, asayansi ankaganiza kuti pali Link (e) wamkati ndiponso (purotoni) cheza malamba Dziko Lapansi. Panopa, maganizo sikuthandiza.

Limagwirira zofunika kwambiri m'badwo wa Van Allena m'Galimoto filler particles ndi oipa a neutrons albedo. Tikumbukenso kuti neutrons ndi analengedwa pamene mlengalenga interacts ndi cheza dziko. The otaya particles akusuntha mu malangizo ochokera kwa dziko (neutrons albedo), umadutsa munda Dziko Lapansi maginito momasuka. Komabe, iwo ndi kusakhazikika ndiponso mosavuta kuwola ndinso kubwerera ma elekitironi, mapulotoni elekitironi antineutrino. Nyukiliya albedo pachimake ndi zopatsa mphamvu, kuwola ndinso mu dera nsinga. Umu ndi mmene Van Allena lamba ndi kudzadza positrons ndi ma elekitironi.

EBL ndi mikuntho maginito

Poyamba amphamvu mikuntho maginito, particles amenewa osati imathandizira, iwo kusiya nyukiliya Van Allen lamba, kuchotsa kuchokera kwa iwo. mfundo ndi yakuti ngati maginito kasinthidwe lisinthike, galasi mfundo akhoza kumizidwa mu mlengalenga. Pankhaniyi, particles kutaya mphamvu (ionization zomvetsa, kubalalika) kusintha mamvekedwe kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, kenako n'kumwalira kufika zigawo chapamwamba magnetosphere.

RPGs ndi nyali kumpoto

Van Allen cheza lamba wazunguliridwa ndi wosanjikiza plasma, amapanga analanda mitsinje mapulotoni (ayoni) ndi ma elekitironi. Chifukwa chimodzi zodabwitsazi monga kumpoto (kumalo ozizira) chowala - ndi particles ali anatsanulira kuchokera wosanjikiza plasma, mwina kuchokera RPG kunja. Borealis akuimira mumlengalenga cheza maatomu omwe ali okondwa chifukwa kugunda particles precipitating mwa lamba.

The RPGs kuphunzira

Pafupifupi zotsatira lofunika onse a zofufuza za dongosolo monga malamba a dzuwa, zomwe zimapezeka mu za 1960-70-ntchentche. kuzipenya Recent ntchito okwerera yozungulira, zombo interplanetary ndi atsopano zipangizo sayansi analola asayansi kutulutsa zofunika kwambiri zatsopano. Van Allen malamba padziko lapansi akuphunziridwa mu nthawi yathu. Mwachidule, longosolani zomwe zofunika kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi.

Deta kuwapeza "Salyut-6"

Akatswiri ku Moscow Engineering Physics Institute kumayambiriro 80 ntchentche kuti ankafufuza elekitironi otaya ndi mkulu mlingo wa mphamvu pafupi atangochimwa lathuli. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito zida, umene unali pa yozungulira siteshoni "Salyut-6". Timatha asayansi efficiently kwambiri kupatukana mitsinje positrons ndi ma elekitironi ndi mphamvu kuposa MeV 40. siteshoni Mpita (ndingaliro ya 52 °, wa kutalika pafupifupi 350-400 km) akuthamanga makamaka pansipa malamba a cheza cha dziko. Komabe, komabe anagwira mbali mkati mu Brazil maginito anomaly. Podutsa m'dera utuluke n'kupuma anapezeka, wopangidwa mwa ma elekitironi mkulu-mphamvu. The RPG yekha ma elekitironi amene mphamvu ndi zosakwana 5 MeV analembedwa pamaso kuyesera.

deta yokumba Kanema wakuti "chammwamba-3"

Akatswiri ku Moscow Engineering Physics Institute ikuchitika miyezo zina pa makina yokumba wa dziko wakuti "chammwamba-3", imene kutalika kwa kanjira zozungulira a 800 Km ndi 1200. Panthawi imeneyi, unit watenga mizu RPGs tatikulu. Iwo anatsimikizira zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka kale pa siteshoni "Salut-6". Ofufuzawa ndiye analandira zotsatira zina zofunika, kugwiritsa ntchito siteshoni "Mir" ndi "Salyut-7" spectrometers maginito. Iwo anali atatsimikizira kuti zone khola kale anati imakhala yekha wa ma elekitironi (positrons ayi), mphamvu zimene ndi mkulu (mpaka 200 MeV).

Inayambira n'kupuma CNO mtima lamba

Gulu la akatswiri ofufuza MSU NIYAF mu mochedwa 80 oyambirira 90 ntchentche ikuchitika kuyesera umalimbana kuphunzira mtima, zomwe zili mu danga pafupi. miyezo Iwowa anagwira ntchito zipinda njila ndi emulsions nyukiliya. Iwo anawatengera pa Kanema "Cosmos" zino. Asayansi apeza pamaso pa mtima mitsinje N, O ndi Nehemiya mu mlengalenga, zimene yokumba Kanema kanjira (ndingaliro ya 52 ° pafupifupi 400-500 Km kutalika) intersects Brazil anomaly.

Analysis zasonyeza kuti mtima awa, mphamvu ukufika makumi angapo MeV / nucleon sanali galactic, albedo kapena chiyambi dzuwa, chifukwa sakanatha ndi mphamvu kwambiri kudutsa yozama magnetosphere la dziko lathuli. Choncho asayansi atulukira anomalous chigawo kunyezimira dziko azunguliridwa ndi munda maginito.

maatomu Low-mphamvu pa nkhani interstellar, amatha kudutsa mu heliosphere lapansi. Ndiye, ultraviolet poizoniyu dzuwa ionizes mono- kapena disubstituted. Chifukwa mlandu particles ali inapita patsogolo pa amadzibisa wa mphepo dzuwa, kufika makumi angapo MeV / u. Kenako kudutsa mu magnetosphere, amene akugwidwa ndi kwathunthu ionized.

Quasi-n'kupuma lamba mapulotoni ma elekitironi

Pa Sun March 22, 1991 panali mphamvu kung'anima kuti anatsagana amasulidwe mulu waukulu wa zinthu dzuwa. Iwo anafika magnetosphere ndi March 24 ndipo chasintha dera ake akunja. The particles dzuwa mphepo magnetosphere zimaphulika mphamvu zambiri. Anafika m'dera limene ndiye anali CRESS, ndi Kanema American. Zipangizo wokwera adalira analemba kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu purotoni mphamvu anasiyana ndi MeV 20 110 ndi amphamvu elekitironi (15 MeV). Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zikamera wa lamba watsopano. Choyamba, quasi-n'kupuma lamba anati angapo a spacecraft. Komabe, kokha mu "Mir" siteshoni, anaphunzira pa nthawi yonse ya moyo zaka ziwiri.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo chifukwa chakuti mu chilengedwe ndi chakumene zipangizo nyukiliya, panali quasi-n'kupuma lamba, wopangidwa mwa ma elekitironi ndi mphamvu yaing'ono. Iwo wakhalapo kwa zaka 10. Nyukiliya fission zidutswa ndisungunuka, ndipo iyi inali gwero la particles mlandu.

Kodi pali RPG pa Moon

Mu Kanema wa dziko lathuli palibe Van Allen cheza lamba. Komanso, palibe mpweya zozitetezera. Pamwamba pa Moon anatsegula mphepo dzuwa. A amphamvu dzuwa wayaka, ngati zinachitika ntchito mwezi akanati incinerated ndi chombo ndi kapisolo, ngati akanati zikutulutsa wautali kwambiri cheza kamwazi, amene ali oopsa.

Kodi n'zotheka kuteteza ndi cheza dziko

Funso Asayansi chidwi kwa zaka zambiri. Mu Mlingo ka dzuwa, monga amadziwika, ali pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa thanzi lathu. Komabe tikhoza kokha pamene iwo musalumphe ndi pakhomo ena. Kodi mukudziwa mlingo wa poizoni kunja Van Allen lamba, padziko lathuli? Childs, zili radon ndi thorium tinthu zosakwana 100 Bq pa 1 mita ^3. Mkati, RPGs, Chiwerengerochi ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Inde, Van Allen cheza malamba a Dziko Lapansi ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. zimakhudza awo pa chamoyo anaphunzira ofufuza ambiri. Asayansi Soviet mu 1963 anati Bernard Lovell, wotchuka British zakuthambo, ndiye kuti sadziwa munthu kuteteza ku zotsatira cheza m'malere. Izi zinkatanthauza kuti iwo sakanakhoza ngakhale kusamalira wandiweyani chigoba cha zida Union. Nanga ntchito makapisozi a ku America oposatu zitsulo, pafupifupi ngati zojambulazo ndi, amateteza chombo?

Malinga ndi chitsimikizo cha chilimbikitso chotilonjeza NASA, Yehova anatumiza chombo mwezi kokha pamene kubuka sayenera kuti bungwe amatha akuneneratu. N'zotheka kuchepetsa ngozi cheza cha. Akatswiri ena, amanena kuti ziri chabe kulosera za tsiku cheza mkulu.

Van Allen lamba ndi kuulukira pamwezi

Leonov, Soviet cosmonaut, mu 1966 akadali anatuluka mu malo lotseguka. Komabe, iye anali atavala suti wapamwamba-lolemera patsogolo. Koma patapita zaka 3, chombo ku United States analumpha padziko mwezi, ndi bwino osati masuti kwambiri. Mwina akatswiri ochokera NASA zaka anatha kupeza chuma kopitilira muyeso-kuwala omwe amamuteteza chombo ku cheza? Moonshot akadali zikutipatsa mafunso ambiri. Imodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu za anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti ku America osati anafika pa izo - kuli malamba cheza.