Valery Chkalov: yonena, zithunzi banja

A zambiri misewu, masukulu ndi mabungwe ena dzina la Chkalov. Munthu ameneyu anali ndani? Kuposa kuwabwezera kukumbukira amenewa payekha?

Anthu osachepera pang'ono bwino mbiri ya dziko lawo, Valery Chkalov - ali, poyamba pa zonse, mkulu wa oyendetsa, amene anatha kumapitiriza ndege ndege yoyamba pa North Pole, osati inatera. chochitika zinachitika kutali 1937. Maphunzirowa anali atathawa ku Moscow (USSR) kuti Vancouver (United States).

ubwana

Valery Chkalov anabadwa pa 20.01.1904 ku mudzi dera Nizhny Novgorod. Masiku ano, kumudzi kumene woyendetsa anabadwa, mudzi wa Chkalovsk. bambo ake ankagwira ntchito boilermaker masitolo boma akumeneko. Za mayi amadziwa zochepa, iye anamwalira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Nditakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Valery anayamba kuphunzira ku pulayimale, pambuyo maphunziro ndinapita ku sukulu luso kuti tsopano limadziwika ndi dzina lake. Adamtumiza kuphunzira bambo wake mu 1916. Patatha zaka ziwiri kuphunzira, anabwerera kunyumba chifukwa sukulu zinali kutsekedwa.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Valery anayamba kuphunzira wa atate wake. Iye ankagwira ntchito wosula pa safanana ndipo patapita - monga stoker pa dredge a. Pa nthawi yomweyo mwachangu osauka navigation, amene amakopeka ndi mnyamata mwayi wake.

Chiyambi cha utumiki

Chigamulo kusintha ntchito Valeriy Chkalov unatengera 1919. ndege kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndipo iye anapita kukatumikira ku Red Army ndege saizi. ndege ake zombo inali Nizhny Novgorod.

Mnyamatayu ankafuna kukhala mopitirira, kotero mu 1921, wapanga malangizo ndipo ndinalembetsa kuphunzira pa sukulu ya Air Force malangizo asilikali ongolankhula (Egorov). Atamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1922 anapita ku oyendetsa asilikali sukulu (Sts). Iye anali mchitidwe ku sukulu ya aerobatics (Moscow), sukulu kuwombera, ndi kuphana mpweya (Serpukhov).

Ndi 1924, woyendetsa Valery Chkalov pasukulu kwa squadron dzina Nesterov. Iye ndi wokonda zouluka, chomwe nthawi zambiri kwambiri olimba mtima zimabwezera mtima. Pakuti chiopsezo kwambiri nthawi zambiri inaimitsidwa kwa chakuwuluka.

Komanso, mnyamata anali ndi mavuto ndi chilango ndi pansi. Mu 1925, chaka chimodzi m'ndende ndi asilikali chifukwa brawl aledzera. Kenako akuti anachepetsedwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mwatsoka, zimenezi sanatipatse zotsatira zabwino, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu, mu 1928, khoti asilikali kamodzinso kutsutsa woyendetsa. Pa nthawi iyi mu foolhardiness mpweya ndi ming'alu mobwerezabwereza chilango analamulidwa kuti chaka chimodzi m'ndende. Komanso, iye anachotsedwa ku Red Army.

Ndiyamika luntha lake chifukwa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutsatira Alksnis ndi Voroshilov, amene anatha mwezi m'malo chiganizo pa makonzedwe. Woyendetsa anakhala mlangizi ndi mutu wa glider sukulu

mayeso woyendetsa

Ndi November 1930, Valery Chkalov anabwezeretsedwa waudindo, iye anatumizidwa ku Air Force NNI mu Moscow. Patatha zaka ziwiri, anatha kupanga ndege mayeso oposa mazana asanu, kuti adziwe njira ya piloting mitundu makumi atatu a ndege.

Popeza 1933, Valeriya Chkalova moyo mavuto - iye anasamutsidwa kuyesa oyendetsa mu fakitale ndege mu Moscow. Apa iye anakumana zosiyanasiyana olimbana ndi zoponya mabomba. Iye sanasiye ndi foolhardiness mpweya, popeza katswiri wodziwika kuwuka corkscrew ndi wosakwiya ng'oma.

Mu 1935 iye anali kupereka dongosolo la Lenin, pamodzi ndi mlengi Nikolai Polikarpov kwa chilengedwe ozimitsa zabwino. Zinali boma apamwamba mphoto.

Flight ku Moscow ku East Far

ndege amayenera kuwonetsa mwayi kukhala ndege. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich, anatsogolera adalira ake anayamba 07.20.1936. The ndege inatenga maola makumi asanu osaima, mpaka iye anali pa chisumbu Udd (Nyanja ya Okhotsk). Panthawi imeneyi, iwo zagonjetsedwa makilomita oposa naini zikwi. Pali pa chisumbu, pa bolodi ndegeyo anakantha akuti "njira Stalin." Udzapitirizabe mpaka ndege yotsatira, ndipo ambiri kulota Chkalov, ndicho ku Soviet Union ku United States kudzera wa North Pole.

Ndege bwino oyendetsa anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union ndi dongosolo la Lenin. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich anapatsidwa ndege payekha, imene Yehova waliteteza lero amasungidwa Chkalovsk Museum.

Kufunika kwa ulendo uno anali anatsindika mfundo yakuti Stalin anadzionera okha anakumana adalira pa Shchelkovo airfield mu August 1936. Pambuyo Valery Pavlovich litavomereza m'dzikolo mu Union.

Kuthawira ku Soviet Union mu US

Adalira poyamba ankafuna kuti ndege ku USSR ku United States kudzera wa North Pole, koma kuti mupeze chilolezo kutero sanali litakhala. Stalin sanafune kubwereza kulephera amene anachitika Levanevskogo m'chilimwe cha 1935. Koma pambuyo ulendo bwino kwa chilolezo Far East anapatsidwa.

The ndege anayamba 06.18.1937, ndipo patatha masiku awiri anafika Vancouver (USA). Zokwaniritsa ndege anali ovuta kwambiri kuposa kuyembekezera. Ichi chinali chifukwa aone osauka, kapena m'malo sanamwe, ndi icing. Adalira anagonjetsa makilomita asanu ndi atatu ndi theka zikwi ndipo kupereka dongosolo la Red Chabwino.

Valery Chkalov, zithunzi ndi kuperekedwa m'nkhani, ndinkatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Ngakhale kuti anasankhidwa ndi Stalin adamuonetsa pa mtengo wa NKVD, iye sanaleke kuchita mayesero ndege, kuganizira mofatsa ntchito yaikulu.

imfa

M'nyengo yozizira 1938, Valery Chkalov, amene yonena imatengedwa mu review, anali mwachangu anaitananso ku tchuthi mogwirizana ndi chiyesedwe cha womenya latsopano. Patapita milungu iwiri, woyendetsa anaphedwa (12.15.1938) pa nthawi ya ndege yoyamba.

Malinga ndi zimene zilipo, ndege kukonzekera mofulumira, chifukwa iwo ankafuna nthawi kuchita zonse pamaso pa mapeto a chaka. Pamene anasonkhana, ndege limapezeka pafupifupi mazana awiri zopindika. Polikarpov anali ndi changu kwambiri. Chifukwa iye anali anaimitsa ntchito. Mayesero anawatengera pansi choyamba, ndiye popanda ankafika zida. Iwo anali pomalizira pake anakafuna patsogolo kupanga ndege, koma kwa kutalika mamita zikwi zisanu ndi ikamatera zida retracted. Pambuyo pake, pansi galimoto mayeso amayenera kupita woyendetsa ena.

Pa tsiku la mayeso kutentha anali opanda madigiri twente-faifi Celsius, koma anaganiza kuuluka Chkalov. Pamene ankafika injini ndinayima. Woyendetsa anayesa tsonga, koma ndege anagwira pa waya pamtengo. Chifukwa cha imfa choipa chifukwa kumenya mutu wake pa armature zitsulo. Kenako woyendetsa ankakhala maola awiri. Iye anafa pa njira kuchipatala. Panthawi imeneyi mkazi wake anali kunyamula mwana mtima wawo wachitatu. Anapereka lipoti chochitikacho yekha madzulo.

Chkalov anaikidwa m'manda mu Moscow, ndi urn anaikidwa mu khoma Kremlin. Ena Ngopambana fakitale amene ankagwira m'chitsimikizo mwaphuma anaweruzidwa kuti mawu m'ndende kwa nthawi yaitali.

Banja ndi ana

Ndi mkazi wake, Valery Chkalov, amene yonena - mutu wa taphunzira, anakumana mu unyamata wake. Mu 1927 anakwatirana ndi posachedwa ali mwana woyamba. Olga anali Erazmovna nee Walnut, ntchito monga mphunzitsi.

Valeriya Chkalova mkazi anapulumuka iye ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi. Walemba nambala ntchito ndi chokumbukira mwamuna wake. Olga moyo Erazmovna zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu, anakwatira sanapite.

Mu banja, iwo anali ndi ana atatu:

• Igor (1928-2006).
• Valery (1935-2013).
• Olga (1939).

Mwana woyendetsa sitima

Igor sanali kuyesa woyendetsa bambo. Koma moyo wake chikugwirizana ndi ndegeyo - anali katswiri Air Force. Iye watsirizika thumba la m'nyumbayi wodzipereka kwa bambo ake Chkalovsk. Ambiri anali ndi chidwi atamufunsa, momwe iye anafa Valery Chkalov. mwana anayankha kuti bambo ake kuchotsedwa chifukwa chakuti anali ndi kukhudzanso Stalin. Kumizidwa mwana wa aviator wotchuka mu Novodevichy manda.

Mwana wamkazi wa bambo ake

Mwana Valery Pavlovich anali zaka pafupifupi zaka khumi pamene tsoka zinachitika. Iye anakumbukira atate wake pa kukumbukira munthu, ngakhale anaulukira naye pa ndege. Aakazi analibe pokumbukira zinthu. Valeria anali ndi zaka zitatu zokha, ndipo Olga anabadwa atamwalira bambo wake.

Pankhaniyi, ana onse Valeriya Chkalova ndasunga kukumbukira izo. Za imfa ya bambo ake mu zoyankhulana mwana Olga Pamilunguyo Baibulo kuti zinachitika chifukwa cha liwiro ndi kuthamanga "chonyowa" ndege. Valeria ndi Pamilunguyo Baibulo kuti bambo ake kuchotsedwa mwadala kukonza mayesero ndege zosalongosoka.

Mu 1938 anali pachimake cha kupondereza anthu, kuphatikizapo ndege, choncho palibe zodabwitsa alongo saona kuti bambo awo zikhoza kupangitsa ntchito mwadala oopsa.

Kukumbukira ngwazi za

Valery Chkalov (zaka za moyo - 1904-1938) anali mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri Soviet Union. Pomulemekeza, wotchedwa siteshoni okwerera sitima, bungwe upainiya, asilikali squadron. dzina lake dzina lake chimodzi cha zilumba za m'Nyanja ya Okhotsk, amene tidakocheza adalira pa ndege ku Moscow ku East Asia, komanso thupi lakumwamba mu dongosolo lathu (nambala 2692).

Iwo chikutchedwa mzinda umene iye anabadwa. Pa nthawiyo anali m'mudzi wa Vasilevo. dzina lake ndi m'madera ambiri ku Russia, Ukraine, Tajikistan. M'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ili busts ndi mipukutuyi, komanso okhala, njira, misewu ndi sukulu dzina lake. Pa nthawi, izo chikalata masitampu, ndalama wodzipereka kwa Chkalov.

Anamasulidwa mu zaka osiyana, biopic za moyo woyendetsa sitima. The zapamwamba kwambiri ndi mutu wakuti "Chkalov" (2012) ndipo "anthu amene anapanga dziko lapansi lozungulira" (2014).

Valery anakhala ndi moyo zaka makumi anayi okha. Panthawi imeneyi anamaliza sukulu zingapo ndege, anachita awiri ndege ovuta kwambiri kudutsa kumpoto, kawiri m'ndende kangapo amachotsedwa m'gulu la Red Army, kenako kuchepetsa. Iye ndi mkazi wake anali ndi ana atatu, amene asunga chikumbukiro bambo ake. Mkazi, mkazi wamasiye anakhala zaka zoposa makumi asanu, ndipo si tinakwatirana yaitali, kusunga chikumbukiro cha mwamuna wake.

Pakuti ambiri, zinali ndi kukhala wopambana nthawi yake. Izi zikusonyeza anthu kupanda tsankho, matalente ake onse ndi kusafuna kukhala mu mtendere, monga wina aliyense. moyo wake anali wamfupi koma kwambiri, ndi imfa - zomvetsa chisoni.