USA chizindikiro - ndi dazi chiwombankhanga

Mphungu dazi ndi membala chabe wa banja Accipitridae, amakhala yekha ku North America. Nthawi zambiri angapezeke mu expanses ozizira wa Alaska.

mbalame - chizindikiro cha United States, malinga ndi zochita amawatenga wa Ngelezi Congress m'chilimwe cha akutali 1872, ndi chifaniziro chake ali nawo pa chizindikiro National a dziko. Mwachirendo, odana mphungu inali pankhaniyi ndi Turkey zakutchire, kulimbikitsa ndi pulezidenti wa Franklin ndimaganiza Turkey monga "wolemekezeka mbalame" ndi mphungu - lotayirira, furtive ndi mantha.

mafotokozedwe

mphungu dazi mosavuta anazindikira ndi maonekedwe ake: mutu wake woyera, mchira ndi kumtunda kwa khosi ndi otsala a nthenga - kusiyana woderapo mtundu. Nthawi zina mbalame yotchedwa mphungu dazi, chifukwa patali izo zikuwoneka ngati woyera dazi Pate.

Kutalika Eagle thupi ukufika pafupifupi 80 cm, wingspan - mamita awiri, kulemera - kuchokera makilogalamu 5.5 kuti makilogalamu 4. Pankhaniyi yaikazi nthawizonse lalikulu kuposa amuna.

njira ya moyo

Eagles ndi akatswiri asodzi, kotero amakonda kuthetsa pafupi ndi nyanja yaikulu matupi madzi oyera. Iwo ndi miyendo amphamvu ndi yaikulu chiombankhanga zitamangiriridwa kuti athe mwamphamvu kusunga ngakhale nsomba kwambiri yoterera. The zakudya chachikulu cha mbalame nsomba, nkhono, waterfowl, zokwawa, makoswe ang'ono. Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, sakupha nyama, ndipo apo mungapindule nkhosa wagwa.

American Eagle amalenga banja kwa moyo. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo pa imfa ya okondedwa n'zotheka kupeza latsopano. A peyala ya mphungu amasankha mtengo wapamwamba ndipo analemba kuti zamitundu kagawo chidwi. Kwa zaka zambiri, lichitidwa zitatha, ndipo m'kupita awiri akhoza upambana mamita 3.

Mbalame amakonda kusungulumwa ndi poteteza dziko lawo. Achibale apafupi sayenera mamita osakwana 1,200, mwinamwake adzakhala mosalephera kumenyana.

kubalana

The Mphungu yaikazi zambiri kutchera mazira awiri, zimaswa pambuyo masabata 5 anapiye imvi. mayi awo umafunda ndi kuteteza ndi bambo chakudya. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mphamvu mwana wankhuku anaphulitsa ofooka, ndipo amathawa m'mphepete zaku chisa. Mayi amaiwala za izo, kudyetsa wamphamvu ndi mokweza-Mwagolide mwana, ndi kulekerera mwana kufa ndi njala ndi ozizira.

Pamene anapiye chizindikiro miyezi theka, iwo anayamba kulumpha mu chisa nthambi, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kuyesera kupanga ndege chake choyamba. Choyamba, amaopa kusamuka kwa makolo awo, koma m'kupita otsimikiza kwambiri ndi kuuluka kupita ndi ufulu.

Pa zaka 4-6, mphungu dazi tikule pogonana ndi kutitengera ku banja lake. Iwo amakhala avareji zaka 12-13, koma pali makumi awiri, zaka makumi atatu a azaka zoposa.

mavuto alionse

Pamene mbalame zakhala chizindikiro cha United States, manambala awo anali yaikulu - pafupifupi 75 000 anthu. Koma mwa 40s m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 20 alionse ali chinachepa kwambiri kuti aboma anakakamizika kutengera mndandanda wa malamulo pofuna kuteteza mitundu. Izo zinali zoletsedwa kupha, kugulitsa ndi kusunga mphungu popanda chilolezo chapadera. Ndi mwini wa cholembera, kapena gawo lina lirilonse la yambiri chidwi mbalame umene ndalama. Komabe, kwa Amwenye, amene ntchito nthenga azikongoletsa zovala zawo, zosiyana anapangidwa.

Pa vuto la kutha kwa mphungu dazi kwachititsa zinthu zingapo: kuwonongeka kwa madzi, kusamuka kwa malo achilengedwe, zoopsa za alimi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa mankhwala DDT. Makamaka mankhwala izi chiphe nsomba kudya mphungu, motero ozama mu thupi la mbalame. Chifukwa cha ichi, mazira a mphungu kwambiri unakhuthala chipolopolo, ndi anapiye akhoza mkatikati kwa zimaswa. Ntchito DDT ndi iletsedwe ndi boma mu 1972.

Anaganiza kwambiri za miyeso kupulumutsa mbalame chithe. Kuwonjezera kuletsa ntchito DDT ndi zina poizoni, anayamba kuchotsa anapiye mu ukapolo. Raisings ana kumasulidwa, awo "utenga" peyala ya mbalame wamkulu.

M'madera mphungu anali osowa ndithu, akatswiri amanga zisa yokumba, anapiye kuthetsa, chakudya ndi kuwasamalira mpaka adziimire paokha.

Zikomo kuyesetsa anzake a mphungu dazi linadzazanso zachilendo mtundu. Tsopano pali pafupifupi 50 000 anthu. Mu mbiri ya Mwachitsanzo woyamba, pamene anthu anali kukonzanso ntchito za anthu.