Tinthu: Zitsanzo za ntchito, mfundo zikuluzikulu, kalembedwe

Zina mbali pamwamba wa kulankhula ayenera allocated particles. Zitsanzo za izi ndi chinenero cha Chirasha mokwanira ambiri. vuto lagona pa choona kuti iwo akhoza ntchito zingapo, monga particles ndi zambiri lidzasinthidwa mbali palokha wa kulankhula. Tiyeni tione mmene particles izi mu zinenero Russian, zitsanzo bvuto lotere.

maganizo

Kodi pang'ono? Ichi ndi wapadera wothandiza mbali ya mawu, limene lakonzedwa popereka zina zamalankhulidwe kapena maganizo mithunzi monga mu pempholo lonse ndi mawu makamaka. Iwo ndi ntchito ina yofunika: kumatanthauza mapangidwe a mtundu mawu.

Tiyeni tione maganizo awiri kuti kudya particles. Zitsanzo:

• Only iye angandithandize ntchito imeneyi mwakhama.
• Tiyeni mofulumira kumaliza ntchito ndi kupitiriza kwa lotsatira.

Ngati mawu oyambirira a tinthu ndi kumawonjezera yekha puronauni izo, akupereka mawu olekanitsa mtengo wa exclusivity, wachiwiri tinthu Lolani amachita ntchito chosiyana - nawo mapangidwe kuyesetsa kuti: tiyeni mapeto, tiyeni tizipita.

udindo syntactic

Komanso mawu ena wothandiza (prepositions ndi zolumikizira), particles kubala katundu wa syntactic, kuonetsetsa ngati mbali ya chiweruzo ndi yolakwika. Yekha kupatulapo - udindo wawo zoyambirira. Pankhaniyi, tinthu lasonyezedwa mwayi wina, amene adjoins.

• Osati ndi inu dzulo tinakumana mu basi? (Kuwonjezera inu zikuphatikizapo palibe tinthu.)
• Asiyeni kuwala magetsi owala. (Mkhalidwe mu Tiyeni kuyesetsa tiyeni glitter monga particles.)

Zikufanana ndi maganizo kumene kulibe ulili Nyerere lapansi. zitsanzo:

• Kodi inu akuyenera kukhala pa udindo lero mu kalasi? (Interrogative tinthu sumabala katundu malembedwe.)
• Wokongola bwanji nyanja m'bandakucha! (Modabwa inamuluma ngati pempholo si membala.)

ntchito zofunika

Tiyeni tione, mu mapangidwe njira iliyonse ntchito ndi mbali imeneyi ya mawu (ndi tinthu). Zitsanzo kudzakuthandizani mu izi.

1. The kuyesetsa maganizo mneni. tinthu analola (tiyeni), inu, eya. (Tiyeni mofulumira nyamulani ntchito zake. Inde adzawalaka!)
2. Makonzedwe maganizo a mneni. Kuti (b), tinthu ntchito pano. (Ngati kokha kubwerera zonse kumbuyo. Ndinafika kokha kwa ine, kuti kupirira mofulumira kwambiri.)
3. Kuti apange digiri chitsanzo cha adjective kapena adverb, komanso ntchito particles. Zitsanzo: apamwamba, zochepa kwambiri, wokongola kwambiri; chidwi, zochepa kwambiri.
4. zingapo akatswiri a zinenero imasonyeza ina particles chinenero cha Chirasha (zitsanzo iwo amapereka pa mfundo iyi) onse nawo mapangidwe akuti kalekale kuti, kapena chinachake, chinachake (munthu, kwinakwake, munthu, ena). Komabe, powerenga sayansi akadali imawadziŵikitsa monga suffixes ndi prefixes (koe).

Koma mfundo opatsirana

Ndi zambiri osiyanasiyana modal tinthu. Zitsanzo kudzatsimikizira kuti mothandizidwa ndi mawu awa ntchito akhoza kusonyeza zosiyanasiyana zina zabwino m'maganizo ndi zamalankhulidwe.

Pali magulu angapo a particles amenewa:

1. Funso. Kwenikweni, kupatula ngati (l) Apa funso. (Kodi ndi zovuta kuchita ntchito yosavuta? Kodi ine kuti ine ndikanakhala ndikubwera masana? Kodi adayimilira kumbuyo mtengo?)
2. Modabwa. Kodi ndi kuti nkhani za kusirira kapena mkwiyo. (Kodi zodabwitsa kubwerera kunyumba pambuyo patsiku! Kodi mmawa wokongola! Kodi mwana wosamvera! Kodi loopsa kuphika supu!)
3. Index. Apa pali ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kudzatunga chidwi womvera kwa nkhani iliyonse. (Kuti nyumba imeneyi. Iye anali woposa zaka chikwi. Taonani, taonani, ndi mphero a cranes.)
4. Zolimba: ngakhale, chifukwa, pambuyo pa zonse, chabwino, ndiye. Iwo ntchito kuti maganizo kulimbikitsa mawu makamaka. (Ngakhale mwana wamng'ono amadziwa kuti muyenera muzisamba m'manja pambuyo msewu Ndipotu, Ine anachenjeza kuti mukhoza kulakwitsa.. Ndipotu ndiwe mpaka kalekale chikondi. Anya apitambo kunkhalango kudzera ziyangoyango. Kodi ine sindimadziwa -So nkobvuta kuphunzira ndi ntchito! )
5. Kuukonza: Chimodzimodzi basi - ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zenizeni ndi zochitika. (Izi zinali chimodzimodzi kavalidwe kuti dzulo Anapachikidwa mu zenera. Ndicho chimene ine ndikuyesera kuti ndikuuzeni. Basi ndi Paulo ayenera kudziwa izi.)
6. Kupatsira adamfunsa: nkomwe, nkomwe. (Palibe nkomwe munthu angathe kutithandiza. Iye nkomwe tilimbane ndi mayeso ovuta.)
7. particles zoipa: ayi, ayi. Zitsanzo za ntchito zawo yosanthula mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu. Apa kungonena kuti auze kukanidwa mosiyana.

Akana ntchito osati ndi

Ambiri mwa mavuto izo zimayambitsa particles negative. vuto lagona chakuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana kulankhula. Choncho, tinthu si ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kupereka negation chiganizo wonse. (Musati muyankhule kwa ine monga choncho! Ine sindingakhoze kupita ku msonkhano.)

Chinthu china - palibe tinthu. Ndi Cholinga kulimbikitsa zoipa kale. Mu mawu ena, nthawi zonse ntchito molumikizana ndi sanapereke ndalama kufunika zina. Mwa njira, m'malo tinthu sangakhale ofanana palibe mawu. (. Thambo si choncho wopanda mitambo, kopanda mitambo sindipita shopu kapena kuyenderedwa - Ndikufuna kukhala kunyumba.) Mawu palibe, ndiwo mkhalidwe, izo tingalisiye, izo zikhoza obwezeretsedwa kuchokera ku nkhani yake. (Nyumba ali moyo Wed:.. Nyumba lilibe moyo.)

No tinthu akhoza kutenga ndi amplifying phindu. (Kulikonse kumene inu muyang'ana -. Kulikonse kukondwera dzuwa woyamba) Zikatero, mawu boma ntchito Akumakambirananso wamng'ono ndi mawu wachibale, monga ndani, chiyani, motani, kuti.

Kalembedwe si ndipo ngakhalenso

Pamene kulemba, ndi pamene palibe? Yankho lake ndi losavuta: amayesa "kutaya" ndi tinthu wa bwana maganizo. Ngati tanthauzo sasintha - muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kapena ayi - ayi. (Kaya buku Ndawerenga zilembo onse amasonkhana, ofanana ndi okondedwa awo.) Ngati inu kuchotsa tinthu, amapereka tanthauzo akanali yemweyo, grammatically zilibe kupweteka.

(Ndani asanakonzekere mayeso, anadutsa iwo zoipa kwambiri.) Ngati inu kuchotsa tinthu maganizo amaona anyamata. Usakhale nayo ntchito.

Komanso, dziwani kuti lokha ndi tinthu nthawi ndi nthawi olembedwa ziganizo ameneŵa ayi. (Kodi iye sanali kuyang'ana imfa - onse sizinatheke!)