«¡No pasaran!»: Kodi chiphiphiritso chandale?

mbiri World mwadzaza mawu osiyana ndi Zining'a, zomwe tamva nthawi zambiri, koma kawirikawiri chifukwa chomwe iwo amatanthauza. Ena mwa mawu amadziwa kuti ife ku ntchito zolembalemba, kuchokera mafilimu kapena nyimbo. Palinso mawu anatitulutsa Woyamba ndi Wachiwiri World nkhondo, komanso nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

prehistory

¡No pasaran! - Kodi mawu amenewa mu Russia, anaphunzira kupyolera Spain. Ngakhale mfundo nthawi yoyamba zinadziwika mwa French, ndipo izo sizinali ndithu ngati Spanish Baibulo. Ils NE passeront yanga! likumasuliridwa kuti "Ayi ndimeyi!" ndipo woyamba ntchito mu 1916.

chiphiphiritso chandale anaonekera pa First World nkhondo, ndipo makamaka, pa Nkhondo ya Verdun, amene adatenga pafupifupi 10 miyezi: pa 21 February 18 December. Nkhondo imeneyi inali imodzi yaikulu ndi lowopsya kwambiri, choncho nkhani anakhala ngati Verdun nyama chopukusira. Ndi zochita kumanja French anatha kuletsa Germany.

Zinali ndiye kuti wotchuka French ambiri Rober Zhorzh Nivelle kuti ngakhale ankakonda kanthu aukali, komabe kudziikira kumbuyo, anati, "Palibe ndime!".

Tsopano n'zovuta kunena, patsogolo kapena pambuyo Nivelle mawu awa anayamba akuonetsedwa pa zithunzi ndi upandu. Koma kale mu 1918 Pa yanga NE passe! Icho chikanakhoza kuwonedwa pa chithunzi kwa Chachiwiri Nkhondo ya Marne. Komanso okuluwika anayamba ntchito midzi ya asilikali chizindikiro.

kutchuka

Vozglaz ¡No pasaran! (Kumasulira kwa Spanish - "Iwo sudzatha") anatchedwa nthawi ya Civil Nkhondo Spain. Events zinachitika kwa July 1936 kuti April 1939. Ndiye mkangano Wachiwiri Spanish Republic ndi Franco kupanduka inasanduka Nkhondo yoopsa.

Amadziwika kuti Francisco Franco anali ngati mpainiya Fascism ku Spain. Iwo amapereka Italy, Germany ndi Portugal. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti anaganiza kuti akagwire mphamvu nkhondo ya ku Spain, kotero kuti pambuyo pa mbali ya Hitler kugonjetsa dziko lapansi.

tsoka akazi

Pa Civil nkhondo, Franco anabwera likulu. Koma magulu odana ndi lopondereza anali wokonzeka chitetezo. Mlembi oti ¡No pasaran! Kutanthauza "Iwo sudzatha!" Anali oppositionist Franco kupondereza Dolores Ibarruri. Komanso, pamene mChipangano passionaries.

mkaziyo anali ndi tsoka zovuta, komanso ina yogwira chithunzi ndale za nthawi. Pambuyo Franco anafika likulu, iye anali kupita ku ulendo ku USSR. Apo iye anakhala mpaka 1975, pambuyo pa imfa Franco anali wokhoza kubwerera kwawo.

chiphiphiritso andale

Pambuyo Civil nkhondo, ambiri aphunzira za mawu ¡No pasaran! Kutanthauza kuti chiphiphiritso ichi ndi amene anali woyamba ntchito. Dolores anachita chiganizo si idiomatic. Anasanduka mawu wamba mu chizindikiro cha lonse odana lopondereza kuyenda. Pa ulendo woyamba kulandira pa dziko Franco mawuwa wopambana. The achifasizimu anayenera kusiya nagonjetsa. Koma otsutsa kupondereza wake pambuyo wina anabwera ndi mawu akuti ¡Pasaremos! Amene sanalandire kutchuka monga ¡No pasaran! Kutanthauza "Tidzamuka!".

zomvetsa chisoni

Monga mukudziwa, nthawi yoyamba Madrid anakana Nazi. Koma chifukwa cha Civil Nkhondo Spain, Francisco Franco akadali anakhala wolamulira wa Spain, ndipo iye anali kale mpaka 1975, kufikira imfa yake. masiku 4 lisanathe nkhondo wopondereza anasonyeza reciprocal mawu - Hemos pasado, amene amatanthauza "Ife zapita."

asadziphe

Monga ife kumvetsa, mawu akuti ¡No pasaran! Kutanthauza "Iwo sudzatha!" Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Spanish Civil nkhondo. Ena molakwa kuphatikiza ndi kuyankhula ndale Viva La Cuba. Ndipotu, iwo ndi ziganizo ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi paliponse mwalamulo olembedwa.

Nthawi zambiri, mbiri ya ulimi Cuba chakhala nawo mawu angapo odziwika bwino amene akhala okuluwika wamba. Ambiri a iwo anali aukali kwambiri ndi zotenga. Mwachitsanzo, ¡Cuba - SI! ¡Yankee - palibe! kapena Yankee kupita kunyumba. Iwo amagwiritsidwanso ku Cuba Patria Inu muerte! ( "Kwawo kapena Imfa!").

Soviet ndipo pambuyo Soviet mawu akhala wotchuka kwambiri. Iwo sikuti nthawi zonse kunali nkhondo. Ena kutamandidwa akuluakulu: "Mphamvu zonse kwa Soviet Union." Ena angaitchule kuti kanthu: "Phunzirani, kuphunzira, kuphunzira." Pali anthu ena amene M'malo mwake, akuitana mtendere: "Mtendere - mtendere!" Kapena "Mtendere, ntchito, May."