Malembedwe. Kuweta malembedwe mayunitsi. aya malembedwe

Manenedwe, kuphatikizapo Russian, lili ambiri mawu. Koma mayunitsi zinenero sizimatanthauza kalikonse popanda chilolezo yoyenera. Ndipo apa pakubwera kuthandiza malembedwe. Kuweta unit wa malembedwe ali chabe udindo ubale kalembedwe mawu ziganizo zomwe zimapanga kulankhula kwa anthu, wolembedwa ndi m'kamwa. Chidziwitso cha chinenero cha nthambi yofunikayi ya sayansi chingatithandize molondola ndi mwaluso kudzapereka malingaliro awo. The malembedwe mu dongosolo chinenero, malembedwe zikuluzikulu ndi mayunitsi zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Malembedwe - gawo lapadera la chinenero cha sayansi

Kapangidwe syntactical zinthu, kufunika ndi anzake maphunziro awo galamala Chigawo chakuti "malembedwe." Ichi ndi mawu a chiyambi achigiriki otanthauza 'zojambula' kapena 'kumanga'. Choncho, gawo ikufotokoza mmene kuika lonse mawu kumanga unit yaikulu ya malembedwe - mawu akuti chilango. Ngati mbali imeneyi ya galamala anaphunzira pa mlingo woyenera, adzakhala coherent, zomveka osiyanasiyana.

Iwo inextricably zogwirizana ndi malembedwe a zopumira. Ndi dongosolo la malamulo chiphunzitso cha zopumira. Iwo asapasana kugawanitsa lemba mu ziganizo komanso molondola kukonza okha mayunitsi syntactic.

wagawo chachikulu

Kuweta unit wa malembedwe - mawuwa chilango. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe komanso cholinga. Umatchedwanso mayunitsi a malembedwe mawu ndi zovuta syntactic umodzi.

Ife timayang'ana pa zomwe ndi unit yaikulu ya malembedwe. Tebulo kudzakuthandizani mu izi.

collocation	kutsatsa
Alibe ntchito kulankhula, ntchito kalembedwe ndi zamalankhulidwe ubale wa mawu kwa wina ndi mzake.	Osachepera kulankhula wagawo Amagwila nchito kwa processing analankhula ndi chinenero. Iwo ali predicativity.
	yosavuta	zovuta
	Mmodzi maziko kalembedwe	Awiri kalembedwe ndizosowa
Masikito, matabwa tebulo, m'mbuyo gululi, akudumpha.	Lero nkhalango ndi okongola. Iye anamva chisoni kwambiri.	Ndabwera kulipira ulemu. Nature wamoyo: malo ena kale adamva kuyimba mbalame anawulukira.

kugwirizana Kumvetsela

Choncho, timanena kuti malembedwe ichi, unit yaikulu ya malembedwe. kugwirizana Syntactic komanso kuona mmene kukhazikitsa asapita pakati pa iwo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kugwirizana kuti kulumikiza mawu mnzake mu akuti, zinthu constituent wa kupereka: coordinative ndi subordinative.

Pamene tikukamba za otsiriza, amasonyeza kuti pali mwayi kuti asonyeze mbali yaikulu, ndi amene kudzadalira izo. M'mawu ena, waukulu - imene mukufuna kufunsa funso, wodalira - imene amavalidwa.

Tiyeni zitsanzo kudziwa (chiyani?) Nthawi yeniyeni. Pano, mawu akuti "kudziwa" adzakhala liwu lalikulu "nthawi" - yozungulira.

Sindikudziwa chimene ine azipereka mawa. Pali nawo patsogolo pathu chiganizo zovuta ndi kugwirizana wamng'ono pakati pa mbali. Kuyambira oyamba - "Ndikudziwa" - kufunsa funso kwa wamng'ono (chiyani?) "Zimenezo azipereka ine mawa."

Njira kugonjera

kugwirizana Kumvetsela kuzindikira m'njira zingapo. Izi kwambiri noticeable akuti.

1. Chiyanjanitso: pamene inu kusintha lonse mawu mawonekedwe a mayunitsi syntactic, pakulowamo, ndi zinasintha. Nsugwi dengu; nsugwi mtanga nsugwi dengu. mawu yozungulira Pankhaniyi kungakhale participle, adjectives, ordinals, adjectives ndi mawu.
2. Management: mawu yozungulira amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa, pamene waukulu akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe kalembedwe. Akulongosola malo - malo kufotokoza - kufotokoza malo - malo anafotokoza. mawu yozungulira: manauni, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, adjectives ndi manambala kadinala.
3. Junction: yekha kulankhula tanthauzo. Ndinali akuzandima, wokongola kwambiri, anapita kukagwira ntchito. Pano, monga adzakhala yonse yozungulira invariable mbali ya kulankhula.

coordinative chomangira

Mosiyana ndi kugonjera pa, coordinative chomangira akulowa wofanana mbali mwamtheradi. Zimakhala osakaniza ngati zenizeni za mawu: maluwa ndi udzu, ndipo anasangalala ndi mbali zikuluzikulu za chiweruzo zovuta: "Msewu posachedwa zinaleka, koma nyumba kukula nkhawa."

Apa ife kuunikila mawu ofunika kwambiri ndi zowopsya, formalized ubwenzi intonation kapena ntchito Kutsata zolumikizira. Yerekezerani: "Iye anali kulira, palibe amene anaona - anali kufuula.". Mbali yoyamba okha intonation lachiwiri - ndipo Union (coordinative lumikiza).

Mawu. Mitundu mawuwo

Kotero, wakhala tafotokozazi, amene unit yaikulu ya malembedwe. Neno - otsika a iwo. Amakhala ndi mawu awiri kapena kuposa mkati tanthauzo la zikugwirizana, grammatically kapena intonation. Anasankha mawu kuchokera maganizo chifukwa ali gawo la iwo. Izi zachitika motere: Pa msewu drizzles drizzle.

1. Choyamba kudziwa chifukwa kalembedwe. Si mawu. Mvula drizzles.
2. Kenako afunseni mafunso pankhaniyi: mvula (chiyani?) Zabwino.
3. Pambuyo pake, ndi mkhalidwe wa: drizzle (komwe) Pa msewu.

Tikayang'ana gawo la kulankhula mawu akunena Chofunika, mawu onse anawagawa magawo olembetsedwa (thundu tebulo, aliyense alendo amatha kuphunzira); mneni (anali chokhumudwitsa, kulankhula bwino) ndi adverbial (zambiri zosangalatsa bwino pamsewupo, kwinakwake mu sitolo).

mawu anawagawa yosavuta zovuta. Poyamba pali funso limodzi lokha: dzuwa (A) yowala ndi chimwemwe chachikulu kwambiri. Kobvuta kwambiri wamba. Yerekezerani: werengani (chiyani?) Log (zachabe) ndi kuwerenga (amene ali) ndi sayansi magazini otchuka. Mu Mwachitsanzo lapitali magazini mawu imafunanso njira sayansi ndi otchuka, zovuta mawu.

Wakutali ufulu ndi lonse akuda. Woyamba yodziwika ndi chakuti mawu aliwonse a zikuchokera awo - membala zonse za mawuwo. Chachiwiri pempholo asagwe ziwaloziwalo chigawo. ophunzira awiri okha zapita zokambirana bwino. "Ophunzira awiri" makamaka mawu, koma chiweruzo amachita ngati nkhaniyo, kotero izo zikhoza yodziwika wonse.

Si mawu

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mawu ali konse:

1. Phunziro ndi mkhalidwe.
2. mbali homogeneous cha chiganizocho.
3. Okuluwika (iwo sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi mawu lonse, zomwe zili mbali imodzi ya chiweruzo ndi:. Alongo atatu, mnyamata ndi msungwana, ndi ena).
4. A kuphatikiza mawu ndi utumiki palokha woyankhula masana (anawagwiritsira ndi nauni), komanso, ndipo iye (Union ndi puronauni) kuti mbuli (tinthu ndi nauni).
5. mitundu zovuta: Ine ndiwerenga (mtsogolo), wapamwamba (chapamwamba), zambiri chete (poyerekeza) izo zipite (kuyesetsa).

Maganizo ndi zizindikiro zake

Ife tikudziwa kale kuti unit yaikulu ya malembedwe - mawuwa chilango, koma chomalizachi chili chinthu chachikulu. Ndithudi, ndendende maganizo athu: timaganiza za iwo ndi kukayankhula, kupanga lemba coherent.

Kodi kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane monga unit yaikulu ya malembedwe? chifukwa kalembedwe - ndicho chizindikiro chimodzi chimene chimasiyanitsa izo kwa mawu kapena losavuta mawu amenewa. Mbali umenewu umatchedwanso predicativity, chifukwa ndicho mneni wanyamula chithunzi cha zenizeni kapena zopanda pake zimene zikuchitika. Iwo anafotokoza momveka mneni maganizo.

Komanso, pempholo monga unit yaikulu ya malembedwe ndi intonation amakhala ndi zomveka chokwanira. Powerenga ndime zimenezi lalifupi, chilango cha maganizo pa mutu wa kukambirana. Iwo sangakhoze kusokonezedwa ndi mawu akuti, chifukwa mu inawo chokwanira zomveka sangathe inachokera - izo zangokhala mawu amenewa grammatically zokhudzana.

chifukwa kalembedwe

Kalembedwe m'munsi amapezeka pa chiweruzo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza akuphatikizapo - khalidwe lofunika kwambiri.

Predicative gawo lapansi angathe ankayimiridwa ngati mutu ndi mkhalidwe, ndipo aliyense wa iwo payekha.

Mwachitsanzo, chiganizo: "Taona dziko yaitali." Pali anthu ziwiri zazikulu. Other bizinezi ngati izi: "Zinali olandiridwa pamaso pa dziko." Apa, patsinde mkhalidwe kokha - izo zinayamba kuonekera.

Kuti chiwerengero cha maziko mkhalidwe apereka khalidwe zofunika: losavuta maganizo patsogolo pathu kapena zovuta.

Mwachidule kambiranani membala chachikulu. phunziro akutionetsa chinthu kulankhula limasonyeza, monga zomwe tanena mu pempholo. Mkhalidwe womwewo zikutanthauza kuti nkhani amachitira izo ziri, ndi amene kapena zimene. Pali mitundu itatu ya membala yaikulu ya kapangidwe ndi tanthauzo yosavuta pawiri, ndi mwadzina mneni.

mfundo zimene

Zokopa kwambiri kwa malembedwe ndi maphunziro. Kuweta mayunitsi malembedwe yodziwika ndi magawo ambiri.

Kaya chiwerengero cha maziko mkhalidwe kuonetsetsa bwana kuti:

1. mawu cholinga. Kulumikizana ndi mzake, anthu akhoza zina mfundo (ziganizo declarative) , kufunsa (funso), kapena kuti ndikaonekere kwa kanthu (causative). Kumapeto mayunitsi syntactic anayikidwa motero nthawi, chizindikiro cha funso, kapena zizindikiro modabwa.
2. Maganizo ochekenera. Kuonetsetsa ndi nevosklitsatelnye ameneŵa chiweruzo. Tikumbukenso kuti poyamba si vuto chingatilimbikitse yekha. Mwachitsanzo, chiganizo: Kodi ndi zinthu zopusa! Ife zimaonetsa ngati Nkhani koma ameneŵa. vuto onse a tinthu modal kuti kusonyeza chidwi.

Features ziganizo yosavuta

Zambiri ziganizo - unit yaikulu ya malembedwe. Mwachidule kupenda makhalidwe awo zofunika kwambiri.

1. Chimodzi-chidutswa kapena ziwiri mano. Iwo adzasonyeza maziko kalembedwe. Ngati ukufanizidwa ndi wa mamembala - adzadzipereka wina-chidutswa. Apo ayi, mbali ziwiri. Ngati pempholo yekha nkhani kapena mkhalidwe, muyenera mwachindunji mtundu wake (lokhazikika kapena chikhalire zake chabe kapena denominative).
2. Common kapena ayi. mamembala Secondary ali ndi udindo khalidwe ili. Ngati pali mmodzi wa iwo - akafunsiridwa wamba.
3. Complete kapena chosakwanira. Khalidwe lomaliza la mawu m'kamwa: iwo analilumpha membala aliyense. Choncho, kumanga unyolo zomveka popanda ziganizo pafupi sizingatheke. Mwachitsanzo: "Kodi mukuwerenga bukhu?" - "Ayi, magazini". Yankho la funso limeneli ndi chosakwanira chiweruzo.
4. A ndimavutika akhoza kumva. Ndi chimodzi cha makhalidwe ake. Ngati zinthu complicating ndi osiyana ndi sekondale mamembala, kofala ndi palinso yunifolomu kamangidwe, mawu oyamba, chithandizo.

Amapereka yosavuta komanso ovuta

yosiyanasiyana Russian malembedwe. Kuweta syntactic mayunitsi - ndi losavuta ndi ziganizo zovuta. Tiyeni timvetse kusiyana pakati pawo.

Ngati syntactic amodzi chifukwa kalembedwe, ndiye izo zikanakhala ndimavutika. Lero ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mphepo kuomba. Makhalidwe a maganizo amenewa adzapita monga mwa pulani zokambidwa pamwambapa.

Pali milandu pamene malembedwe wagawo imakhala wamba ochepa. Ndiye adzakhala lachinyengo akufunazo.

ovuta kwambiri ndi kusiyanitsa ndimavutika ndi predicates homogeneous ku zovuta ndi. Apa m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa pa nkhaniyi. Ngati chinthu chimodzi, kuchita zochita zosiyanasiyana, pempholo kudzakhala kumodzi. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo:

"Iwo anayenda kudutsa mumsewu ndipo anasangalala ndi ufulu chatsopano." - "Iwo anayenda kudutsa mumsewu, napeza ufulu anawapatsa mphamvu." Njira yoyamba ndi yosavuta. Pali m'modzi yekha predicative chifukwa cha zovuta predicates homogeneous: anayenda, anasangalala. Maganizo chachiwiri kudzakhala kovuta chifukwa maziko kalembedwe wa awiriwo: anayenda, ufulu Ufumuyo.

Mitundu kumangidwa ziganizo zovuta

Monga tafotokozazi, ichi chititsimikizira kuti malembedwe mayunitsi mfundo. Ngati ife kulankhula za dongosolo zovuta za chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa kugwirizana pakati pa mbali. zinthuzo akugwira nawo ntchito malembedwe a. Kuweta malembedwe mayunitsi, ziganizo zovuta zikuphatikizapo magawo zokhudzana subordination ndi mgwirizano. Malinga ichi, pali panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira mu slozhnosochinennye ndi ziganizo zovuta.

Tiyeni tione mu mtundu uliwonse mwatsatanetsatane. mbali zikuluzikulu za ziganizo pawiri ali ofanana. kufanana Zimenezi zimawachititsa wapadera, coordinative muzikondana. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa chakuti ntchito pomanga ziganizo woyang'anira zolumikizira. Motero, funso ndimavutika kuti wina sizingatheke.

Chitsanzo: "Ndikufuna kubwerera zonse, koma chinachake chindiletsa ine nthawi zonse." Izi kupereka slozhnosochinennoe amaganizira adversative Union koma.

Komanso si udindo wotsiriza mu mapangidwe chiganizo pawiri chimagwira kamvekedwe: kumapeto kwa aliyense ndimavutika iwo ukupita pansi - limafotokoza zomveka chokwanira.

Zovuta syntactic umodzi

zinthu zimene ena zikuphatikizapo Russian malembedwe? Kuweta unit wa malembedwe - izo ndi ziganizo zovuta. Iwo amakhala ndi zinthu komwe zimadalira ena. Ndiko kuti, pakati pa mbali yosavuta pempholo nthawi zonse kudzifunsa kuti; "(chilichonse). Glade limene ife tinapita, ndipo anabisidwa kwa maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi"

Zagwiridwa ubwenzi woterewu kudzera subordinating zolumikizira ndi intonation, kunsi ku mapeto a aliyense wa ndimavutika.

Musaiwale kuti pali conjunctionless kugwirizana. Amatanthauza kupanda zinthu ofunda pakati pa mbali, monga intonation chokwanira: ikulira ndipo kuonekeratu mtsinje; ziwiya lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi ya dziko lapansi kwa iye, adawopa kwa moyo wake.

Takambiranazi monga Russian malembedwe. Kuweta syntactic mayunitsi, ndi kupereka mawu mawonekedwe nyumba ena otchedwa zovuta syntactic lonse. Ndipo nawonso, kale amapanga malemba. Mkati, komanso ena onse mchitidwe malembedwe, pali zikulumikizana monga kalembedwe ndi zamalankhulidwe ndipo ngakhale ofunda (mwachitsanzo, mayanjano, amene zothetsera wotsatira akuyamba).

Kodi zovuta syntactic umodzi? Gulu la bwana, yosavuta ndi zovuta, ndi nawatsimikizira cholukanalukana lingaliro limodzi lalikulu. Mu zina mawu, zovuta syntactic lonse - izo mikrotema, imene mfundo zokhwima ndi anamaliza. Monga ulamuliro, iwo okha abzatsnoy articulation.

Pali milandu pamene lemba - izi ndi gulu syntactic. Monga ulamuliro, izi ndi nkhani yaing'ono ndi yochepa storyline.