Chikhalidwe cha analemba kuti: Chirasha

Culture kulankhula ndiponso kulemba - ndi kusinkhasinkha za maganizo ndi malingaliro a munthu mu mawonekedwe a phokoso kapena kuwonetsera ndi mawonekedwe. Kupanga zilembo, chosonyeza mfundo za phokoso, pamafunikanso nthawi yambiri. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kulemba. Kulankhula zinayambira kale kwambiri kuposa anasonyeza ake mawonekedwe. Ndipo zimenezi n'zomveka ndithu. The atalembedwa nthawi akupita kwa munthu kwina pa mphindi. Kulemba sangathe mwachindunji ndinene chinachake kwa wowerenga, amakopeka naye kudzera lembalo. kulemba chikhalidwe anayambitsa imodzi ndi chitukuko cha anthu, socialization anthu.

chilankhulo zolembalemba

M'pofunika kusiyanitsa mfundo chinenero mabuku njira yopatulika imene ntchito kulenga ntchito luso. Yotsirizira akuti zambiri capacious. Pa mtima buku la malemba ndi ntchito alandiridwe mwa anthu a chinenero mabuku, koma mfundo yake yosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo wapeza chinyezimiro chake chakuti njira luso ntchito zonse za zophiphiritsira chabe kwambiri akutembenukira mitundu ambiri okongola kulankhula. Zochuluka ntchito ya mawu pofotokoza maganizo ndi uthenga wa nzeru zosiyanasiyana. Pa chomwecho chinenero zokongoletsa ndi zolembalemba lili palokha ntchito mosinthanasinthana chitachitika, komanso zing'onozing'ono zosiyanasiyana.

chilankhulo zolembalemba - ndi mchitidwe kudzera zomwe ndi zinthu chuma, chikhalidwe ndi maulamuliro kulenga mugwilizano wadziko. Ichi ndi nambala yapadera kulankhulana pakati pa anthu ofanana kapena azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Kulankhula ndi buku

The chinenero zolembalemba ali m'mitundu iwiri: olembedwa ndi m'kamwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo ngati mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi kupereka bukhu, ndi kulankhula kumasulira kwawo. mawu angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mabuku ndi m'kamwa mawonekedwe, malingana ndi maganizo a anthu okha pa anthu, zizolowezi zake, maphunziro, mfundo munthu wa khalidwe. Pankhaniyi, mawu olembedwa limapezeka nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a bukhu. Ndi dera kulankhulana amachititsa nkhani zambiri chinenero, mawonekedwe ndi chimatanthauza mitundu ya ulaliki.

Buku chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndale, malamulo, muzochitika sayansi kulankhulana, komanso mu mawonekedwe zinazi pa misonkhano lovomerezeka ndi zikondwerero, potchula kholo la ndodo ofesi, banja kapena kolowera banja. Pa nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe kulankhula nthawi wamanga pa malamulo anakhazikitsa chinenero zolembalemba, ulamuliro zofunika ndi kukhalapo kwa bwana nawatsimikizira zokhudzana, zinapanga ulaliki bwino maganizo ndi kukhala mapeto. Buku chindiletsa kudumpha mwadzidzidzi kuchoka lingaliro limodzi, si anabweretsa mapeto ake zomveka, kwa ena.

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito terminology sayansi, mkulu-ntchito mawu. Ambiri a mawu alibe zoletsa bwino kapena kugawa pakati pa colloquial, analankhula, olembedwa mawu a mawu. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo ambiri amavomereza. Izi amalenga maziko umene uli pa mawu nawatsimikizira wapadera kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za nkhaniyo.

Lingaliro la mawu

Culture kulankhula ndiponso kulemba - ndi yeniyeni ndi yoyenera anasonyeza katundu wa chinenero ndi mwayi wake mu mawu kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku. Izo zimatanthauza kupezeka kwa mkulu mlingo wa maphunziro ambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu, komanso kakulidwe ka maganizo ake ndi malo chidziwitso. Chikhalidwe cha kulemba - Mapu awa cikole tanthauzo ntchito chinenero mabuku ndi mawu luso mu kulongosola nkhani ndi kumvetsera angathe.

Wa kulankhula ndi sayansi

Wa kulankhula sayansi ndi kugwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana m'madera zinenero nonlinguistic. Ndi Umboni kugwirizana lexicology ake ndi semasiology. Mwa sayansi wamba zinenero kulimbikitsa njira ya chinenero chamakono Russian, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri kuphunzira malamulo mabuku a chili derivations zake zonse. Imathandiza ntchito makhalidwe kulankhula za kulankhula, komanso kumanga ndi lolondola ndipo malamulowo. The chiŵerengero cha makhalidwe amenewa ndi combinability zamalankhulidwe kumalimbitsa chinenero ntchito kulemba.

Culture kulemba mphunzitsi akhale wosiyana ndi ulaliki ntchito ndi mkulu wa bungwe malonda, koma maziko ndi malamulo zofunika zofanana awiri onsewa.

Features wa mogwirizana zimachitika pakati pa chikhalidwe cha kulankhula ndi lexicography. Pa nkhani imeneyi, adalenga ambiri otanthauzira wapadera ndi mabuku kuphimba kaonedwe izi. Nayenso zogwirizana ndi kalembedwe kuti amaphunzira kugwira ntchito njira chinenero ndi kuwapatsa amayesa mbali Mkhalidwe ntchito zawo, limafotokoza kuthekera kwa ntchito zinthu zina za mawu, kugwiritsa ntchito Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana. kulemba chikhalidwe chikuphatikizapo kudziŵa amalanga zinenero monga Chaanthu, logic, makhalidwe, maganizo, aesthetics, pedagogy, zolembalemba kutsutsa. Inamva zimakhudza osati nzeru, komanso luso, zonse likufa kusintha chifukwa zikamera wa kutulukira zinthu zatsopano.

Chiphunzitso amakono wa kulankhula

Chikhalidwe cha kulemba - lingaliro ili amakhudza kwambiri ndi ochuluka sayansi ndi nzeru. Standard mbali n'chofunikira zofunika kwambiri. Ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha chilango chimenechi ali ndi anthu masiku ano ndi malamulo womulera mu izo. Kotero, ndi chiyambi cha mabuku m'ma XX monga "Ungwiro ndi kulondola kwa mawu Russian" Chernysheva, tsopano sikuthandiza chifukwa ntchito ankalankhula nthawi ndi makamaka mitundu mawu chibadidwe nyengo iyi.

Chiyambi cha mawu atsopano, mawu, ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana limodzi otsatirawa kusintha kwa lingaliro la chinenero chamakono zolembalemba. Choncho, chikhalidwe cha chinenero, Chirasha ndi anthu palimodzi. moyo wawo inextricably zogwirizana ndi kale analandira mitundu mawu ndi mawu, koma lero iwo zingaoneke pretentious ndipo ngakhale sankaloledwa mowa. Tikuyendera patsogolo luso, chinenero muyezo kusintha m'munda wa lophunzira ndi terminology latsopano ndi tanthauzo lake waukulu.

Lero, chikhalidwe cha akulemba ntchito munthu mmunda uliwonse wa chidziwitso muli zosiyanasiyana mawu atsopano ndi mawu enieni msinkhu panopa patsogolo sayansi ndi mawu ntchito, nthawi zina kubwera kwa zinenero ndi zikhalidwe zina.

Official-ntchito kalembedwe

Culture kulemba ntchito - ndi mndandanda wa njira zosiyanasiyana chinenero zipangizo kuti ntchito m'munda wa kutumikira boma komanso bizinesi Relations. Mwachitsanzo, amanena kuti dera osiyanasiyana ubale lovomerezeka ndi bizinesi zosiyanasiyana ntchito zolembedwa mfundo ukubwera. The zosiyanasiyana za ntchito ya sayansi kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa m'njira zosiyana bizinesi:

• boma-malonda (kapena office);
• malamulo;
• zamtendere.

Iwo zogwirizana, koma ena kusiyana zimene zimasonyeza cholinga ndi njira kupambana kwake. Pamene ntchito kalembedwe mgwirizano wa mayiko a ntchito yaikulu ndi kukambirana, zodyera chikhalidwe ubale amenewa.

kalembedwe malamulo zikuphatikizapo malamulo chinenero ndi malamulo, mmene muli m'ndandanda wa anasamutsidwa a zikhalidwe zosiyana ndi zochitika zotsogolera ku udindo.

Official-ntchito kalembedwe wa kulankhula akufotokoza wonena za kusintha kwa chinenero, kukhutiritsa zofuna ndi kumvetsa ulaliki deta ophunzira onse ndi maphwando chidwi.

Pankhaniyi, kulemba chikhalidwe malamulo, mwachitsanzo, mwina ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe malamulo, ndi zina kumene m'pofunika kuti tikwaniritse mgwirizano panganolo, ntchito kalembedwe zamtendere. yosowa kwambiri, mmodzi wa masitaelo a akatswiri ndi aliyense wa ntchito zina za munthu.

mchikhalidwe zinenero drafting

Chikhalidwe cha kulemba ndi malamulo a kalembera wa zikalata zofunikira, malamulo inextricably zogwirizana ndi mfundo zimene kunyamula mfundo zonse ndi zikukhudza M'MALO yosavuta deta zokhudzana ndi vuto linalake kapena munthu. Pakuti zida zalamulo ntchito siyana okhazikika, amene analandira m'deralo malonda, komanso Mphamvu zokonza malamulo adziko.

Variable M'MALO zinthu malemba malonda, lakamba zambiri osiyanasiyana mphamvu kufufuza kusonyeza iwo, ntchito. Pankhaniyi, pangakhale mavuto ena, makamaka okhudzana ndi kulondola kwa kusankha chinenero ntchito, mtundu uliwonse ndi kutanthauzira, kufala chikhalidwe cha nkhani, komanso kusankha njira kalembedwe angathe kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero yamanga kupereka ntchito ka mawu ndi matanthauzo ake. Mu ichi mawu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito yabwino osati kwa njira rastolkovaniya zosiyanasiyana kapena katundu, koma ankalankhula kwa anthu, anthu malamulo a mawu chibadidwe ntchito kalembedwe.

mawu abwino

Kulankhula zodyera zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito zina malangizo mwamwambo, ndi kutsatira protocol zamtendere. Kutsatira mfundo ngati amawatenga ponena za akuluakulu onse mabungwe maloya, madokotala, alonda a dongosolo, antchito audindo apamwamba.

Chikhalidwe cha kulemba ndi utsogoleri kulankhula zodyera zikusonyeza pamtima naye kapena munthu wina mawu enieni. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka mu mgonero ndi mkulu mu udindo. Monga ulamuliro, pali zofunikila pa ntchito mawu ena ndi ma awo, kunyamula mtundu aukali kapena kukana, komanso kuvomerezedwa ndi kusonyeza ulemu woyenera ndi mankhwala zikusonyeza udindo. Nthawi zambiri, malamulo zambiri za kulankhula zodyera chofunika litsatidwe moni ndi kutsanzikana, kuyamikila kapena kupepesa, Zabwino kapena ulendo munthu, chonde.

Mosiyana ndi zinenero zambiri Western, mu Russian pali mawu awiri - "inu" ndi "inu" kuti bwino kutifotokozera za chikhalidwe cha munthu amene anatumiza mankhwala, ndi chikhalidwe cha ubale pakati pa anthu, pamaso pa akuluakulu a boma mu kulankhulana awo. Choncho, ntchito zosonyeza adiresi "inu" akhoza kuika mu zinthu zovuta monga winayo, ndipo ambiri a mpukutuwu, monga amachita choipa munthu ndi kusonyeza outrages pa ulemu munthu.

kulankhula ndi zolondola

dongosolo kalembedwe wa kulankhula amaona zinthu zothandiza anthu ndipo ali kukana yokwanira iwo. Potsatira malamulo makamaka Mzimuyo chinthu chotero monga "chikhalidwe cha kulemba." Chirasha wolemera zosiyanasiyana malamulo kalembedwe, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwawo chimakwirira mitundu n'kotheka ntchito zawo nthawi zonse ndi liwiro.

mchikhalidwe mabuku a galamala, motsutsana ndi milingo ina ya dongosolo chinenero, zosavuta zonse. Iwo ambiri kuphunzira, ndi 'kala' ikusonyeza awo chitetezo. Komabe, iwo nawonso nkhani kusintha mchikakamizo cha zinachitikadi, koma wolimba, mosiyana ndi sayansi monga mawu mapangidwe.

Kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe cha zolankhula

Mlingo wa chikhalidwe kulankhula ndi mawu olembedwa kumadalira osati kokha pa chidziwitso cha malamulo analandira malamulo maganizo, komanso lophunzira aliyense payekha chuma losatha la chinenero ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito momasuka iwo mawu olembedwa a maganizo ake. Chirasha wakhala nthawi yaitali kuti munthu wa olemera. ufuluwo ake Akuti nkhokwe ya lexical ndi mayunitsi phraseological, komanso kumatanthauza lililonse amafotokozera munthu ndi mwayi chachikulu cha ntchito yawo.

Ananenanso chuma phonetics, mwina osakaniza zosiyanasiyana mawu, zosiyanasiyana lexical, galamala, ofanana matanthauzo phraseological ndi mitundu, yokonza nyumba zovuta, transmitters intonation wa kulankhula. zounjikika izi zonse amalola kulemba kusonyeza kwambiri subtlest lokhala wosasangalala ndi matanthauzo, malankhulidwe maganizo mfundo opatsirana. Mwaluso akugwira mawu Russian, n'zotheka kusamutsa nyimbo, mithunzi ya mitundu, phokoso ndi mapokoso, kuwala ndi zachilendo Kutengeka ndi maloto, zochitika zonse za chilengedwe ndipo mmene anthu mu phale awo onse.

Chikhalidwe cha kulemba, chuma chake mu payekha limodzi anatsimikiza ndi chiwerengero cha chuma zinenero zimene ali bwino ndipo akhoza zimafala momasuka, kupanga mafanizo, luso popereka pa nkhani iliyonse ndi ovuta nkhani kapena nkhani. kulankhula chuma chochuluka anatsimikiza ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira ndi njira yosonyeza mfundo yomweyo ndi akalumikidzidwa osiyana, ndi chiyambi osiyana. Mau mapangidwe powonjezera prefixes, mathero, suffixes ku muzu wa mawu amatsegula mwayi pafupifupi malire a yatsoka ndi kulankhula mawu atsopano, amanena bwenzi, kapena molondola kwambiri ndi maganizo, nzeru.

Mu kwenikweni chikhalidwe kulemba - ndichiyani? Izi woyenera, panthawi yake ntchito liwiro zolembalemba ndi luso zomveka. Ichi ndi mwayi kuwabweretsa iwo kwa mwamtheradi womvetsera aliyense.