Ndi mfundo zimene: mawu polisemantika

Malembedwe - gawo la zilankhulo kuti amaphunzira kapangidwe ndi njira mawu a zapansi kalembedwe ndi mbali yachiwiri ya mawuwo. Mutu ndi mkhalidwe ndi yaikulu ya watero zamalankhulidwe. Popanda pamaso pa mzera chimodzi chachikulu ngati membala kwathunthu kunachitika wa mayunitsi lexical ndi kalembedwe sangakhale. Komanso zinthu sekondale, ngakhale iwo tikutchedwera, mbali ofunika mu kufala osayenera mawu, kukhala bwino kalembedwe mkati mwake. Komanso tanthauzo ndi chochitika - mamembala a mawuwo ikuchitika ndi ntchito ofotokozera, amatanthauza munthu wofunika kwambiri pofotokoza iwo.

tanthawuzo

Ife adzamvetsa mwatsatanetsatane chakuti oterowo chochitika. Pamafunikanso manauni ndi adverbs, akuti, akuyankha funso "komwe?", "Kuti?" "Motani?" "Pamene?" "Motani?" Ndipo zotero. Iwo akuyimira malo, chifukwa nthawi, mode ndi T. d. zochitika chifukwa makamaka kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi, makamaka ndi mkhalidwe wa. Makamaka ngati chimaoneka kusintha predicates Mwachitsanzo:

• Natasha ananyamula chidole (kuti?) Mu chipinda.
• Mitya ndi bambo ake anali chilimwe lonse (kuti?) Mu dziko.
• Anyamata kulumpha (motani?), Ndipo mkulu (motani?) Phokoso.

Kuwonjezera mbali imeneyi ya kulankhula zinthu ndi anasonyeza adverbs pronominal, gerunds, infinitive mtundu wa mneni amene:

• M'bale anapita kunja kupuma mpweya wabwino ndi kusangalala ndi frosty bwino gloss nyenyezi.
• Pokhumudwa mwana nakhala scowling resentfully unawasiya pambali.

Ichi ndi ambiri kuyatsa mutu wakuti "Kodi chochitika." Tsopano tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri ndi zitsanzo.

yonse ya zinthu

Malinga makhalidwe ofotokozedwa anawagawa m'magulu lexical-zamalankhulidwe, aliyense wa Chofanana mafunso angapo. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Otanthauza malo. MAFUNSO: Kodi? kumene? kumene? Mwachitsanzo:
  
  - Good (komwe) Kodi (komwe), tilibe. (Mu chiweruzo ichi, zochitika ndi lofotokozeredwa ndipo adverb indivisible mawu.)
  - Natasha anafika (kuti?) Kuchokera mzinda. (Mu udindo wa mavuto chili ndi nauni ndi anawagwiritsira a.)
  
  
• Mawu kwa nthawi. Q: liti - yaitali bwanji? pamene? yaitali bwanji? Mwachitsanzo:
  
  - I analawirira (liti?) M'bandakucha (liti?). (Adverb ndi nauni ndi anawagwiritsira).
  - Ine ndikuwopa kuti ndi udzu (mpaka liti?) Pamaso mkuntho ife kusamalira. (Nauni ndi anawagwiritsira).
  
  
• Kodi zoona amaona mmene ndiponso zochita zake? Iwo muyankhe funso ili: pati? bwanji? bwanji? bwanji? etc. Mwachitsanzo .:
  
  - mantha mwana wagalu kukuwa kuzungulira mapazi ake ndi kuyang'ana pa galu wamkulu ndwii, n'kuyamba (adverb) (motani?).
  - Pearl mkanda tione (monga pati?) Kwambiri komanso (motani?) Kaso (adverb).
  
  
• Zochitika ndi mtengo poyerekeza. Iwo muyankhe funso ili: kodi? monga chiyani? Monga, kwa ndani? Mwachitsanzo, mwa maganizodwe:
  
  - (Pamene munthu ngati) Bright, golide gulugufe mwazunguliza (kuti?) Mu mpweya mapulo tsamba (nauni).
  - (? Monga winawake) kunja pa zenera kulira Mkuntho mwana howled (anafotokoza nauni).
  
  
• Kodi chochitika amachititsa: kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi maina wagwiritsiridwa, akuyankha funso: chifukwa? Chifukwa chiyani? chifukwa chiyani? Mwachitsanzo ziganizo:
  
  - I sanatsutse naye (bwanji), Pofuna kukangana. (Infinitive ndi tinthu sakutero.)
  - mutu wa mwanayo unali kuluka (chifukwa?) Kuchokera njala. (Nauni ndi anawagwiritsira).
  
  
• Cholinga zinthu. Zikuphatikizapo mafunso: cholinga chotani? Chifukwa chiyani? chiyani? Iwo angakhoze kuwulula maganizo:
  
  - The akavalo anasiya (chifukwa chiyani?) Kuti kumwa ndi mpweya. (Infinitive ndi idiomatic wapakamwa mtundu.)
  - The anyamata anali (chiyani?) Ine ndidzakuchezera ndi chikondwero. (CHOSADZIWIKA anawagwiritsa.)
  
  
• Zifukwa zikhalidwe za utumiki. Mafunso kuti akhoza kuyika kwa iwo: kodi zinthu? ngakhale kuti? Mwachitsanzo:
  
  - Mu mwadzidzidzi (? Kodi zinthu), Ine kucemera mkulu.
  - Ngakhale mphepo kubwera (? Ngakhale kuti), kenako akungoyendayenda njira yake.

zinthu Parsing

Mofanana ndi gawo lirilonse la chiganizocho, angathe kukhala parsed. Ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

• M'pofunika kupeza unit anakhumba ku pempholo;
• mwachindunji amene gulu momveka chochitika likukhudza;
• kuzindikira mbali ya mawu amene akufotokoza Mwachitsanzo: komwe timakhala bwino (pano - mfundo malo chimaoneka adverb; bwino - Chinthu muyeso ndi digiri, anasonyeza mwa adverb ndi).

The ambiguity mawu

Kukula kwa kachitidwe chinenero, pali chinthu monga polysemy, kapena ambiguity. Iwo ananena kuti mawu akhale imodzi koma matanthauzo awiri kapena kuposa lexical. Chirasha uli enieni kuipidwa, maphunziro multilevel. Polysemy amagwirizana ndi chodabwitsa cha zithunzi, limaonetseratu, njinga. N'chimenechi timatha tanthauzo lina la zochitika - sali mbali ya chiweruzo, ndipo unit lexical. mawu awa, amene ali osayenera zotsatirazi: atakhala case, boma, chikhalidwe, vuto Mwachitsanzo:

• Mavuto panali duel, zinakhala anthu.
• Mu kuphunzira zambiri za upandu powonekera wofufuzayo zinadziwika zinthu zatsopano.

Monga mukuonera, mawu ndi nauni , ndipo ali ofanana matanthauzo mwachilungamo yaikulu. gulu limeneli ikugwira ntchito mawu akuti "moyo zinthu": mndandanda wa zinthu zimene zinachititsa zochitika zina, zochitika ndi zochita.

mawu luso

Mu lamulo, palinso ma kupanga chizindikiro ichi. Mu nkhani zina, ali ndi zosiyana mtengo antonymous ndi kupanga awiri a. Izi "zochitika zapadera extenuating" ndi "mavuto kukulitsa". Woyamba m'chilamulo zigawenga amanena kuti zochitika zimenezi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti munthu winayo n'koopsa kotero, n'chiyaninso chimene chingakhale, pakalibe zace. Ndipo M'malo mwake, kukula mlandu chigawenga Timaona zinthu zazikulu zambiri.