John: kutanthauzira malemba wakale

Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane - izi ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zinayi za Uthenga Wabwino Mkhristu, anaphatikizapo kunsonga kwa Lemba. Amadziwika kuti palibe mabuku awa anali atatsimikizira analembadi, koma amaona kale kuti uthenga wabwino kwalembedwa lililonse ophunzira anayi a Khristu - atumwi. Ngakhale malinga ndi umboni wa bishopu wa Lyons Irenaeus, ndi Polycrates ankadziwa John, iye ananena kuti iye anali woyambitsa wa mmodzi wa mitundu ya "uthenga wabwino." Location kwa Uthenga mu zamulungu, ndi lingaliro zamulungu ndi wapadera, chifukwa mawuwo - si ndi zochuluka kwambiri za moyo ndi malangizo a Yesu Khristu, monga ndondomeko ya zokambirana ndi ophunzira. Osati popanda chifukwa, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nkhani zachitika mchikakamizo cha mpatuko, koma anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati otchedwa kayendedwe achikunja ndi heterodox.

Kutanthauzira Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane mu nthawi oyambirira

Chikhristu pamaso pa chiyambi cha m'zaka za zana lachinayi sanali motsimikiza monolith m'malo osadziwika pamaso pa Agiriki chiphunzitso dziko. Azambiriyakale amakhulupirira kuti Yohane anali mawu omwe anali analandira mwa osankhika wakale aluntha, monga anabwereka gulu ake aumunthu. Lemba ili chidwi kwambiri kufotokoza ubale pakati pa mzimu ndi vuto, zabwino ndi zoipa, Mulungu ndi dziko lapansi. Osati popanda chifukwa m'mawu oyamba ndi opereka Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane amalankhula za otchedwa Logos. "Mulungu - ndi Mawu" - poyera watero mlembi wa malemba (Yohane 1.1). Koma Logos - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri categorical nzeru za wakale. Wina ali yense sakugawana kuganiza kuti wolemba lenileni la lemba sanali Myuda ndi Mhelene, amene anali ndi maphunziro abwino kwambiri.

Funso wa Oyamba

Izo zikuwoneka mwachinsinsi kwambiri chiyambi cha Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane - otchedwa oyamba, mwachitsanzo mutu wa 1 18. Kumvetsa ndi kutanthauzira kwa malemba anadzakhala chopunthwitsa mu Chikhristu chikale kumene anachokera kulungamitsidwa zaumulungu ya chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi ndi theodicy. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga mawu wotchuka, amene amaoneka ngati King James Version, "zinthu zonse zinalengedwa mwa Iye (ie Mulungu), ndi kuchita chilichonse popanda Iye, kuti kunali" (Yohane 1.3). Komabe, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa Chigiriki choyambirira, zikuoneka kuti pali mipukutu awiri wakale wa mauthenga spellings osiyana. Ndipo ngati mmodzi wa iwo, chikutsimikizira kumasulira chikale Waciwiri zikumveka ngati izi: "Onse ndi Iye, ndipo popanda Iye panalibe kanthu." Komanso, onse mitundu mu nthawi ya oyambirira achikhristu mpingo ntchito, koma patapita anali buku loyamba analowa mwambo tchalitchi zambiri "osamva olondola".

ampatukowa

Ichi ndi Uthenga Wabwino wachinayi anali wotchuka kwambiri ndi adani osiyanasiyana mfundo chikale wa Chikhristu, amene anatchedwa ampatuko. Mu masiku a Akhristu oyambirira, kawirikawiri anali ampatuko. Iwo adakana thupi thupi la Khristu, ndi mavesi ambiri ku mawu a Uthenga Wabwino, kutsimikizira chikhalidwe chauzimu kotheratu kwa Mulungu, kubwera sanakonde. Mu mpatuko Nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi Mulungu, amene ndi "dziko lonse", ndi Mlengi wa mkhalidwe wathu wopanda ungwiro. Ndipo Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane akupereka chifukwa kukhulupirira kuti ulamuliro woipa wa moyo wathu osati kwa Atate wakumwamba. Ndi zoziwika za Mulungu ndi atasemphana dziko. Nzosadabwitsa imodzi mwa omasulira loyamba la Uthenga Wabwino anali mmodzi wa ophunzira a wotchuka ampatuko Valentine - Heracleon. Komanso pakati pa otsutsa ziphunzitso anthu ambiri omwe achinyengowa. Ena mwa iwo anali otchedwa "Mafunso a John", kutanthauza mawu chinsinsi chimene Yesu ananena kuti ophunzira amakonda.

"A mwaluso za Origen"

Chotero anaitana wakale wazamulungu ndemanga kuti Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane, French wofufuza Henri Kruzel. Mu ntchito yake Origen amazitsutsa njira ampatuko lembalo, pamene kwambiri kubwereza Goliyati. Izi nkhani buku limene wotchuka Greek zaumulungu, pa dzanja limodzi, akaniza kutanthauzira wotsutsa chi Orthodox, ndipo ena - amaika patsogolo mfundozo angapo, kuphatikizapo zokhudza chikhalidwe cha Khristu (mwachitsanzo, iye amakhulupirira kuti munthu kusamukira ku zomwenso yakeyake angelo) amene kenako anali anaona ampatuko. Makamaka, amagwiritsa ntchito omasulira mabuku Ying: 1.3, anazindikira kuti azigona.

Kutanthauzira Uthenga Wabwino wa Ioanna Zlatousta

Orthodoxy amanyadira za wotanthauzira ake odziwika bwino kwa Lemba. Iwo ali kumanja ndi Ioann Zlatoust. tanthauzo lake la Uthenga Wabwino ndi mbali ya ntchito yaikulu pa kumasulira Malemba, kuyambira ndi Old Testament. Iye amasonyeza erudition zazikulu, kuyesera kudziwa tanthauzo la liwu lililonse ndi chiganizo. kumasulira amachita mbali makamaka polemical ndi ukuperekedwa adani a Orthodox. Mwachitsanzo, kusinthika pamwamba Ying: .1,3 Ioann Zlatoust potsiriza kuzindikira achikunja, ngakhale anali ndi iwo Fathers wokondedwa wa Mpingo, makamaka Kliment Aleksandriysky.

Pamene uthenga kutanthauziridwa mu mawu andale

Zingamvekere zodabwitsa, koma kutanthauzira kwa Lemba ndi ntchito zifukwa repressions misa kuwononga anthu osafunika ndi kusaka. chodabwitsa Izi bwino kwambiri akuwonetseredwa mu mbiriyakale ya Mpingo wa Chiroma Katolika. Mu nthawi ya kusaka kukhala mutu 15 Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane anamugwiritsa ntchito azamulungu zifukwa kuyatsa ampatuko pamtengo. Ngati ife tiwerenge Malemba mzere, iwo kutitsogolera kuyerekeza Ambuye mtengo wa mpesa ndipo ophunzira ake - ndi nthambi. Choncho, akuyendayenda Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane (chaputala 15, vesi 6), n'zotheka kupeza mawu kuti zizichitidwa ndi anthu amene si mukhala mwa Ambuye. Iwo, monga nthambi, kudula, amatengedwa ndi kuponyedwa pamoto. fanizo limeneli wa akale jurists ovomerezeka malamulo anakwanitsa kumasulira kwenikweni, pamenepo kupereka "zabwino" Kuphedwa wankhanza. Ngakhale tanthauzo la Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane ali kotheratu ndi kutanthauzira izi.

Medieval otsutsa ndi kumasulira kwawo

Mu ulamuliro wa Roma Katolika kupirira izo Yali otchedwa achikunja. olemba mbiri amakono yakale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anali anthu amene ali ndi maganizo kusiyana ndi "sanauzidwe yochokera kumwamba," mfundo za atsogoleri achipembedzo. Nthawi zina inachitika m'deralo, amene amatchedwanso okha mipingo. Otsutsa kwambiri oopsa a Akatolika pankhaniyi anali Cathars. Iwo samangokhala anali atsogoleri yake ndi utsogoleri wolowezana, komanso zamulungu. Lemba awo ankakonda anali Yohane. Iwo anawamasulira m'zinenero a mtundu wa mayiko amene iwo amapereka mwa anthu. Pamaso tinafika lemba pa chinenero Chiokitani. Izo, iwo anali a kusandulika kwa Oyamba, omwe anakanidwa ndi mpingo boma kukhulupirira kuti akhoza kukhala olungama kuli akutsutsana ndi Mulungu, yemwe amayambitsa zoipa. Komanso, akutanthauzira chomwecho chaputala 15, anatsindika malamulo ndi moyo woyera, osati pa kugwilizana ndi mbalume. Munthu amene amatsatira Khristu ali woyenera kutchedwa mnzake - mapeto iwo anachita mu Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane. Zopatsa kutanthauzira osiyana a lemba la Lemba liri ndithu zothandiza ndi kusonyeza kuti mamasulidwe a m'Baibulo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za phindu anthu ndi kuwononga moyo wake.