A koma mu Chingelezi: zoyamba za zopumira

A koma mu Chingerezi ndi ambiri choncho zovuta kwambiri kulemba zizindikiro zopumira. Zinali choncho ndi ntchito koma ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavuto osiyana ndi mavuto nthawi zambiri zokonzedwa ndi maganizo a wolemba, munthu maganizo maganizo ndi kutanthauzira kwa choncho munthu ndipo tafotokoza mu lemba. A koma mu chingelezi, mosiyana Russian, kodi si nthawi zonse mu Akumakambirananso Kumvetsela kupatukana waukulu, pamene mu Akumakambirananso Chirasha nthawi ankasiyana koma ndi.

Pamene palibe koma

Point ndi sanasiyane mu English:

• Kumvetsela phunziro / mkhalidwe / kuwonjezapo:

Nkofunika kuti iye akhale apo Lachitatu. Nkofunika kuti iye anali kumeneko Lachitatu.

ulamuliro wanga kuti simuyenera kumwa . mavuto angawa kuti sanamwe.

Ine kunena kuti amamutcha posachedwa. Ife kunena kuti kumutcha iye mofulumira.

• Akumakambirananso kumene chochitika kumene kupita pambuyo mzera waukulu:

Iye anamuuza zonse pamene iye anapita kukakumana . Iye anamuuza zonse monga iye anayenda kutsika pansi.

Ine ndinali kuthetsa ntchito yanga kale kuti kuthandiza amayi. Ine ndinali kutsiriza ntchito kale kuti adzithandiza amayi ake.

Apolisi akhoza kutenga galimoto yanu ngati inu galimoto apo. Apolisi akhoza kulanda galimoto ngati galimoto apo.

Mkhalidwe kwambiri lililonse ntchito koma

Mkhalidwe kwambiri lililonse ntchito koma.

• A koma mu Chingerezi pamene inu kukhudzana nthawi zonse ntchito.

Waiteress, Ndikufuna menyu, chonde. Yoperekera zakudya, kubweretsa Menyu, chonde.

Atate, palibe wina pano. Atate, palibe apa.

• A koma mu Chingelezi ntchito nadzawasankhula zinthu payekha wa:

Wofiirira, kakombo, maluwa ofiira wodzazidwa angapo Miphika. Miphika anadzazidwa ndi lofiirira, Lilac, maluwa ofiira.

Osati anauka, anapita kuzungulira gome, atatsamira pansi ndi kutenga armchair pang'ono. Anayimirira, anayenda mozungulira gome, anatsamira pa natenga mpando yaing'ono.

Kenako akusekerera, zakumwa ndi amalankhula kwambiri. Iye chosekedwa zambiri, zakumwa ndi kulankhula.

Kumbukirani kuti mu nkhani iyi ndi koma patsogolo ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma osati.

• Ntchito (koma osati) pakati pa 2 bwana chachikulu chokhudzana mabungwe ndi / monga / koma / ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri koma ntchito mu chingelezi, pamene mzere oyamba yaitali:

Iye azilimbikirazi izo, ndipo ndidzakhala kumuthandiza ndi mavuto ake. Iye adzatsimikizira izo, ine angamuthandize ndi mavuto ake.

Iwo anasiya kuyang'ana pa wina ndi mzake, ndipo anandifunsa za tsiku izi molimba. Iwo anasiya kuyang'ana pa wina ndi mzake, ndipo anandifunsa za tsiku yovuta.

Khamu la anthulo linali stupefied, ngati chisudzo anayesa kuchereza ndi nthabwala wake. Khamu la anthulo linali mesmerized pamene chisudzo kuyesera kuchereza nthabwala zawo.

• Ntchito pambuyo zochitika mu Akumakambirananso mukufika pamaso pa maganizo chachikulu:

Pamene iye anapita kukakumana, anamuuza kuti Selena anali atabwera kale. Pamene iye anabwera pansi, anamuuza kuti Selena anabwera kale.

Kuthandiza mchemwali wanga, iye anayenera kusiya Moscow. Kuthandiza mchemwali wanga, anachoka Moscow.

Adayitana Sara, iye mofulumira anapita ku siteshoni. Kuitana Sarah, iye mwamsanga anapita ku siteshoni.

Ngati mukukayika, muyenera kubwera kwa ine. Pamene inu muli Ndi chipeneko, anabwera kwa ine.

Ngati inu galimotoyi apo, apolisi kulanda izo. Ngati inu priparkuesh galimoto apo, apolisi kulanda izo.

• Izo zinali pambuyo gawo lirilonse la pempholo, amene ali mudziwe zambiri pa nkhaniyi:

Woperekera zakudya, amene anali wokalamba, anauza zimene ankadziwa ine. Woperekera zakudya, bambo wina wachikulire amene amawadziwa ine.

ovuta ntchito

malamulo okhwima a English zopumira ndi zopanda malinga ndi zomwe upotrebeniya mfundo pakati pa phunziro (nkhani zochepa) ndipo mkhalidwe ndikoletsedwa. Pankhaniyi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zina kumene koma akampereke, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti yekha anatsindika mfundo mudziwe zambiri, ndi mbali zonse:

Mtsikana amene anali okongola kwambiri, assuared kuti anandiona. / The msungwana, yemwe anali wokongola assuared kuti anandiona. - Cholakwika maganizo onse. No Mfundo yachiwiri.

Mtsikana ule, mtsikanayo anali okongola kwambiri, assuared kuti anaona ine - bwino.

munthu, amene kukanathandiza ine usiku , kuti iye anazindikira ine. Munthu amene anandipatsa thandizo usiku umenewo, anati iye anazindikira ine. - Cholakwika, palibe mfundo zina za nkhaniyo, koma kufotokoza yekha, mipatuliro safunikira.

Ndiko kulondola: Munthu amene kukanathandiza ine usiku kuti iye anazindikira ine.

Kamenyedwe pa mbewu ya nyukiliya yomwe inatenga masiku theree, ndi kale pa. - D Kuti mudziwe zambiri ankasiyana mipatuliro, ngati pali mfundo yeniyeni. kunyanyala ntchito pa nyukiliya Mmera wonse, umene unakhalapo atatu tsiku latha.

Mkazi amene Tom anali kukonda anamusiya patatha zaka zisanu. - P oyasnenie, mipatuliro safunikira. mayi zomwe Tom zinali chikondi, anasiya lake pambuyo zisanu zaka.

The manson, amene anali opanda pake kwa atatu zaka, wakhala atha. Nyumbayi kuti anali opanda pake kwa zaka zitatu wakhala anagulitsa.

The mtsikana amene ndidafuna kukumana anali kupita kutchuthi. Mtsikana amene ndimafuna kukumana, wapita pa tchuthi.

Apostrophe (Apostrophe)

Apostrophe, kapena colloquially ndi koma (mu Chingerezi pa anamuyika pamwamba) amapita pamodzi ndi kalata m milandu onse, ntchito nkhani kulamula kuwonjezera pa nkhani mochulukitsa ndi zinthu opangidwa ndi ulamuliro muyezo (ndiye apostrophe nzosachita s):

Kuyang'ana atate;

mphete kalonga wa;

Magolovesi anthu (munthu amuna) ;

ophunzira ntchito.

Dziwani izi:

A koma mu Chingelezi pamwamba pa mapangidwe nkhani odzikundikira mayina kuthera mu -s kalata, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zimene mungachite onse:

Mfumu Charles mkazi / Mfumu Charles ' mkazi.

Ikani mu mawonekedwe chidule kusonyeza makalata palibe kapena manambala:

Ndine - Ndine;

iye - ndiye / ali;

'86 - 1986.

apostrophe ndi kuika pamodzi ndi -s kalata pamene kupanga kuchuluka kwa makalata, manambala kapena zizindikiro (manambala ndi zazikulu apostrophe akhoza zasiyidwa):

Mu 1970 / wa 1970;

VIP a / VIPs;

Iye sakanakhoza kusiyanitsa wake L'm. Iye bwino azigamula kalata L.

kupatukana anathetsera

A koma mu chingelezi Pamene ntchito ndi English chilankhulo (American ntchito m'matumbo) pa kulembetsa makalata malonda, ndi yosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku.

Wokondedwa Bambo Frendick, Ife kalata yanu ...

Izo ntchito mu boma kapena malonda m'makalata kuyambira mau otsiriza a olandiridwa, kulekanitsa izo kwa maina ndi maudindo (pakati womwe palibe zizindikiro zam'kalembedwe):

Anu mokhulupirika / wanu mowona mtima, Ranason-.Ltd . A. Simpson Manager.

koma A ntchito kuthana envelopu kapena kalata mu zone chapamwamba (pamwamba lemba), potsindika dzina la kopita / dzina / adiresi / (pakati pa nyumba nambala msewu dzina koma si chofunika):

Stephen P. Denny, 5678 Starling Avenue, Garlem, LA 10857.

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mawu osiyana mafotokozedwe kulankhula mwachindunji, ngati palibe zizindikiro zopumira:

"Kodi inu?" Nick Mufunsidwe. "Iye anali bwino," iye anayankha. "Kodi inu wavulala?" adafunsa. "Ayi", iye anati, "osati kwambiri." Iye anati, "Ine sindiri kudziwa."

A koma pa mawu koyambirira kapena mawu ena

A koma mu chingelezi patsogolo chifukwa ntchito.

Iye sangakhoze kulowa m'nyumba chifukwa iye anataya mafungulo.

Akumakambirananso munali chochitika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito koma ngati patsogolo mzera chachikulu. Yerekezerani:

Chifukwa iye anali chachirendo, ine odukaduka naye. Chifukwa chakuti zinali zachilendo, ine linatha iye.

A koma mu Chingelezi pambuyo mawu koyambirira (Mwachitsanzo: kotero, komanso Komabe, mwina, ndithudi, mwachibadwa)

Ndipotu, ine ndinali ndi mwayi pang'ono kuchita izo.

Mwina, Tom akanabwera ku Paris pa 8 koloko madzulo.

Pamaso pa mawu athandizira kukhala participle kapena gerund:

Wokaika, iye wapita cottege wake . Wokaika, iye anapita ku kanyumba lapansi.

Ntchito kale monga, ngati ndi mgwirizano (anapeza mgwirizano umenewu bwana zazing'ono kawirikawiri kupita patsogolo waukulu):

Ndinapempha ake kukhala kumeneko, chifukwa ndinali mudziwe anamuuza. Ndapempha izo kukhala kumeneko chifukwa ndinkafuna anamuuza zambiri.

Ndinatha kudziwa mkazi uyu, chifukwa ndinaliona iye kale. Ine ndikhoza kukuuzani mkazi uyu, chifukwa ine ndawawonapo patsogolo.

ntchito Features

Izi zikungofanana ndi nusu ya malamulo amene ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu tsiku ndi tsiku moyo wamba. Ndipo nthawi zonse kumatithandiza kukhala pamwamba polankhula ndi kontengent ophunzira ndi sanazengereze yokhudzana, kukambirana mitu pa maonekedwe.

Mu chingelezi, kapena kani, mu chilankhulo American, limene ntchito mu United States, zinthu ntchito zosavuta. Funso kalembedwe America samapereka chidwi kwambiri monga Mwachitsanzo, mu galamala Russian.

chakuti mphunzitsi awiri osiyana angakuuzeni ndi malamulo osiyana za ntchito moyenera koma mu chiganizo English, ndi onse akhoza kukhala bwino. Ndipo onse chifukwa chakuti mu America palibe okhwima, bungwe ndi ntchito ya mapeto a mipatuliro. Koma pamene pali malamulo onse, zotsatirazi zomwe munthu angathe kudziwa zina ndi zina za English zopumira.

Pomaliza

Mu normative chizindikiro English koma zopumira ndi multifunctional, ndipo ntchito yake yamakono ndi chitsanzo cha osati kusinthika mu ntchito zopumira, komanso mmene chandamale kusinthidwa onse mfundo zimene tingachite maganizo zolimbana mu Chingerezi. Mpaka mapeto a XIX olemba zaka olemba ntchito makina semicolon zimene tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi koma zimenezi, koma milandu ndipo zimenezo zimene tsopano safuna zizindikiro aliyense zopumira. Kuyambira cha m'ma XX zasintha kwambiri malamulo zopumira a English ano.