Njira dichotomy

The dichotomy ntchito yomasulira ku Greek amatanthauza "subdivide pawiri" kapena "duality". Dichotomy ndithu bwinobwino ntchito mu masamu ndi mfundo zomveka kwa gulu la zinthu, ndi nzeru za anthu ndi zilankhulo - kupanga boma-akuti, ndi matanthauzo ofananafanana.

njira dichotomy ayenera siyanitsa magawano yachibadwa. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "munthu" akhoza kugawidwa mu lingaliro la "mwamuna" ndi "mkazi" ndipo akhoza kugawidwa mu "mwamuna" ndipo "osati munthu". Choncho, m'nkhani yoyamba, malingaliro awiri osati zotsutsana chotero palibe dichotomy. Ngati chachiwiri, "munthu" ndi "osati munthu" - matanthauzo awiri amene akutsutsana ndi musati intersect, ndipo ili ndi tanthauzo la dichotomy.

dichotomy njira wokongola kuphweka ake, popeza zopezeka awiri okha maphunziro amene ali wotopa kuchuluka kwa mfundo lopeza. M'mawu ena, magawano ndi zopezeka dichotomous Kugwirizana. A zina Mbali yaikulu ndi kuwonongedwa kwa wina ndi mzake membala kugawa chifukwa chakuti aliyense akonzedwa divisible akhoza kufika okha imodzi mwa makalasi "b" kapena "ayi b", ndi kupatukana ikuchitika m'munsi chimodzi chokha kugwirizana ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mbali makamaka.

Kuti ubwino onse dichotomy njira ali ndi mwayi njakata gawo la chimene ali tinthu "ayi". Mwachitsanzo, ngati asayansi onse ogaŵikana masamu ndi masamu, ndiye wachibale gulu lachiwiri pali ambiguity ena. Kuwonjezera sangathe ichi, pali wina, wopangidwa mwa kukhazikitsa mfundo zovuta, mosiyana ndi ubwino woyamba, mlingo wa kuchotsa anthu awiri oyamba aja.

Monga tanena ndi dichotomy kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lothandiza mu mtundu kulandira mfundo iliyonse. dichotomy njira mwakhama ntchito kupeza chimafotokozera ena muyezo mfundo Ntchito (Mwachitsanzo, poyerekezera ndi pazipita kapena zochepa).

Nthawi zambiri mosadziwa ntchito njira dichotomy aligorivimu limene kwenikweni masitepe tinganene. Mwachitsanzo, masewera "tiziike chiwerengero" player wina akuganiza zingapo kuyambira 1 mpaka 100, ndi zina kuvumbitsira akufuna ndikuganiza zochokera akupangira "zosakwana" kapena "wamkulu" choyamba. Ngati kusinkhasinkha mwanzeru ngati nambala yoyamba nthawizonse kutchedwa 50, ndipo mu nkhani ya zobisika zochepa - zina 25 - 75. Choncho, aliyense sitepe ya kusamvetsa chiwerengero chobisika yafupika ndi theka, ndipo ngakhale mwamuna unluckiest zopeka ndi osadziwika mu za 7 zoyesayesa.

Pamene ntchito njira dichotomy kuthetsa maikwezhoni osiyana kupeza njira yoyenera Zimatheka ngati chake ena kupeza muzu umodzi pa imeneyi anakonzeratu. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ntchito njira n'zotheka kupeza mizu yekha liniya maikwezhoni. Pa chisankho cha maikwezhoni yapamwamba kuti ntchito njira bisection ayenera choyamba kugawanitsa mizu ya zigawo za. The ndondomeko ya kupatukana kwake imagwiridwa ndi kupeza opangidwa kuchokera loyamba ndi lachiwiri la ntchito anachokera maikwezhoni ndipo anasonyeza kuti ziro (f '(x) = 0, f' '(x) = 0). Chotsatira ndi kudziwa makhalidwe a f (x) mu malire ndi mfundo yovuta. The chifukwa cha anapezazo ndi imeneyi | munthu, b | zimenezi mfundo za kusintha ntchito chinenero chamanja komanso kumene f (a) * f (b) <0.

Tikaonetsetsa njira mawonekedwe kwa pothetsa aone kuti pali ntchito dichotomy aligorivimu njira ndi wosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, pali gawo | munthu, b | mkati limene pali wina muzu wa x.

Sitepe yoyamba ndi mawerengedwe wamba algebraic × = (a + b) / 2. hereinafter masamu phindu la ntchito pamalo amenewo. Ngati f (x) <0, ndiye [a, x], ayi - [×, b]. Choncho, imeneyi kuchepetsa imagwiridwa, imene aumbike wina ndondomeko x. The mawerengedwe mabasi pamene kusiyana pa zolakwa Ba.