The ochititsa m'munda magetsi

Zosiyanasiyana za thupi, ngati ziri zodziwika bwino, ogaŵikana nonconductors (dielectrics) ndi ochititsa ndi katundu wawo magetsi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene akuwauza m'munda magetsi, ndiye kuti mlandu ali mgwirizano padziko zace, mkati limene munda magetsi palibe. Kodi kufotokoza izi?

Chinthu ndi kuti ochititsa ndi wapadera milandu magetsi. Choncho, zitsulo monga milandu ndi onyamula monga ma elekitironi amene sakugwirizana ndi maatomu. Iwo amatchedwa ufulu ma elekitironi.

ma elekitironi woteroyo ndi wochititsa zitsulo, aikidwa mu minda ya magetsi, mchikakamizo cha mphamvu kumunda kudzalimbikitsa m'njira popenyana kumunda magetsi mwamphamvu.

Kutenga mtsogoleri wa kumunda ABCD magetsi, amene aikidwa mu munda yunifolomu, mwamphamvu, kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja.

Padziko AC wochititsa amapezeka owonjezera kuyang'anira oipa, ndi kumwetsa zabwino - kuti DB wina. Mu chitsanzo ichi tikuona kuti mawaya m'munda magetsi ali inasangalatsa. Mlanduwo kuti awonekere padziko wochititsa ndi kupanga mkati mwake ndi zina munda magetsi. munda mizere yake ndi zosiyana ndi ulemu kwa mizere ya m'munda chachikulu. Motero, mavuto a m'munda pansi wochititsa ndi yafupika, i.e., Imafoola mphamvu kuti amachita pa ma elekitironi free, ndi kumachititsanso m'gulu lawo. The milandu kuti ndi ochititsa m'munda magetsi, kayendedwe adzaleka pamene chotsatira munda mphamvu mwa iwo akukhala ziro.

Choncho, pamene bwino milandu pa wochititsa mkati munda akusowa. sanamwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza thupi chifukwa cha munda kunja magetsi. Chifukwa chaichi ndi okwanira amuzungulire thupi la wosanjikiza woonda conductive, mwachitsanzo, kuziyika izo mu bokosi zitsulo. Mkati bokosi minda sadzapezekapo.

Pofuna kutsimikizira mfundo yakuti mu wochititsa mlandu palibe munda magetsi, mu moyo wake, Faraday anamanga waya osayenera lalikulu, amene anaika pa insulators ndi recharged. Kukhala mkati mwa selo ndi electroscope hypersensitive, Faraday anatsimikizira kuti mkati si mphamvu zamagetsi, ngakhale lolunjika padziko akunja ndi mlandu yofunika kwambiri. zodabwitsazi amatchedwa electrification ndi chikoka kapena electrostatic kupatsidwa ulemu. chifukwa wake - zotsatira za m'munda kunja magetsi pa ma elekitironi mu wochititsa ulesi. Ndipo milandu amene akuwauza m'munda magetsi, wotchedwa milandu anachititsa.

Kudzera chikoka cha electrification chodabwitsa anafotokoza kukopa pakati matupi inasangalatsa ndi nenaelektrizovannymi, komanso kulanda mlandu magetsi ndi mgwirizano wa matupi.

Pamene thupi inasangalatsa njira wochititsa zosavuta umaoneka adalira mlandu anachititsa zizindikiro onse. Choncho, mlandu chizindikiro zosiyana adzakopedwa kwa thupi, ndipo ngati mlandu adzakhala amawateteza. Chifukwa milandu ngati ali kumbali ya kondakitala kuwala, akutali kwambiri kwa thupi, chotsatira a magulu awiriwa ndi mphamvu za anyamata. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ndi wochititsa kuwala umalakalaka thupi. Pa mgwirizano wa mtengo anachititsa ndi wa chizindikiro zosiyana adzakhala zopanda kulimbikitsa woyang'anira gawo limene ndi wofanana mu udzakwaniritsidwa. Pa wochititsa kuwala akanali chizindikiro chomwecho mlandu, ndi thupi.

Chifukwa chakuti kuwala wochititsa tsopano ali ndi mlandu wofananawo monga thupi, izo adzakankha kutali kwa icho; zimene timaona experimentally.

Akuwauza ndi dielectrics m'munda magetsi ndi katundu osiyana. Choncho, dielectrics ndi pafupifupi palibe mlandu ufulu. Pamene anaika m'munda magetsi a kugawanika chodabwitsa amapezeka.