Akamanena chuma msonkho chitukuko cha zachuma chakale

Misonkho - gulu kuti mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chiyambi cha boma. Chithunzi, njira ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kutengapo mbali wa ndalama chuma chuma, chuma akamanena za misonkho nthawi zonse nkhoswe ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha anthu ndi boma analenga.

Lingaliro ndi akamanena za misonkho, ndendende kuchuluka kwa malangizo a matupi chuma cha boma, kuchepetsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa awo ndi malo lalikulu mu kukambirana ndi anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo pa msonkho, kuzindikiridwa ndi Adam Smith. Kukhazikitsidwa ngati chimango ndi predetermines chitukuko cha ufulu zina mwagwirizana ndi maudindo pakati pa akuluakulu onse, ankaimira ndi boma, ndi zinthu zapadera, m'dzina la nzika.

The axioms pamwamba ndi zina mwa cilamulo chitukuko cha A. Wagner. kafukufuku linawonjezera ndi, Chofunika, limatchula iwo. Zikuoneka mfundo zisanu ndi zinayi zosonyeza akamanena za misonkho udindo wa boma mu nawo, ogaŵikana midadada anayi.

Gulu loyamba la mfundo zachuma ndi sayansi ndi mfundo za kukwanira ndi kuyenda.

Sankhani gwero yoyenera kwa misonkho ndi zina misonkho , kutenga nkhani zotsatira za misonkho ndi mitundu payekha pa opereka ndi phunziro ambiri a misonkho transcriptions amapanga kuchotsedwa mfundo zachuma.

Letsani ndi mfundo za chilungamo zimapanga lonse ndi pachilichonse.

Ndithu, momveka zachuma akamanena za misonkho, mayiko ndi mtengo wotsika wa levying msonkho malipiro mawonekedwe akonzedwa limodzi mfundo za kasamalidwe.

Kuwonjezera gulu la, payokha allocated mfundo zachuma ndi ndale. Amachita zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri chiphunzitso, chifukwa akuluakulu nthawi zambiri ndi kuphwanya mfundo za chilungamo mogwirizana ndi pa boma mokakamiza. Pa mfundo imeneyi, mfundo zachuma ndi ndale kukhala apamwamba kuposa mitundu mfundo zachuma ndi mfundo za chilungamo.

Motero Adamu Smith amapereka zofuna za amakhoma misonkho, ndiye A. Wagner, kukhala othandiza ndi chiphunzitso cha zofuna gulu, codified mfundo kuganizira zinthu payekha ndi anthu, ndi kutsogoza bwino yotsirizira mu nkhope ya boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo anati akufuna gulu si limodzi chilli structural mawonekedwe monga mfundo zachuma komanso zandale anagonjera ndi kuchita naye padera ku gulu waukulu, koma chifukwa chofunikira chuma misonkho izo kuwuluridwa zokwanira.

Komanso ongolankhula pofuna chidwi zifukwa bwino ubale msonkho ndi mfundo za Kugwirizana kafukufuku B. Petit, amene anazindikira kuti chiwerengero kuti mupewe kufalitsidwa ndalama misonkho akhoza ayi bwanji ubwino wa amakhoma misonkho. Petya zomwenso chuma misonkho linanena bungwe ake anafotokoza motere: mu kufalitsa anapeza ndalama mu chuma cha boma, iwo adzakhala omwazika bwino mogwirizana ndi zofunikira atsopano. Mu zikuchokera B. Petit, kufufuza ndi kulungamitsidwa kutsimikizira mfundo wololera, zomwe ankadziwa monga boma ufulu kusonkhanitsa alionse a msonkho pa nthawi iliyonse.

Russian anzeru a m'zaka XVIII-XIX. mu ziyenera a msonkho zikhale zochokera njira ya sukulu kumadzulo kwa lingaliro. A wotsatira ziphunzitso za Adam Smith pa mfundo misonkho akhoza dzina Ni Turgenev. Kusanthula mkulu msonkho malingaliro wasayansi amamangirira zofunika kwambiri mfundo za kufalitsidwa wofanana katundu msonkho, kunena kukhulupirira kuti ayenera anagawira mwa nzika zonse, mogwirizana ndi ndalama zawo. Zilango za mfundo zina, maofesi msonkho, kuchepetsa ndalama msonkho deta ndi kufanana kwambiri ndi mfundo za misonkho A. Smith. Chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi ndi nkhani boma la maphunziro aliyense boma akhoza adzaweruzidwa monga msonkho.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mawu amenewa ndi mosiyana ndi maganizo European chuma, zimakhudza makhalidwe zikuyenela mbali ya mogwirizana zomveka pakati pa boma ndi anthu m'dera ubale msonkho, anatsindika kufunika chikhalidwe malamulo kuti akukwana ndi zogwirizana mu nthawi yathu.