The nyumba yokongola kwambiri Russia (zithunzi)

Castle - linga la Ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Mawu akuti "zazikulu" ndi "ang'onoang'ono" ndi zofunikira ku Ulaya. Mu Russia, kuti uzipereke iwo yabwino kwambiri mawu "Kremlin" ndi "mwininyumba". Ngakhale lalikulu Russian nzika analibe maloko. Anali mayiko.

Mu dziko lathu, pali za 100 zinthu zimene akugwa pansi pa tanthauzo la "Nyumbayi", "Kremlin", "linga", "linga". Ndipo mmene chimodzimodzi pa malo oyamba? Chifukwa pambuyo Nyumbayi onse - izo siziri chimodzimodzi linga, ndipo ndithu boma la Russia.

Maloko si mu West

Russian nyumba akale ili kumadzulo kwa dziko. Tsopano ndi mapulani ndi mbiri zipilala, chifukwa iwo zinamangidwa makamaka Middle Ages. Koma mu XIX atumwi panali ena nyumba kalembedwe zachifumu European wa akale m'nyengo Russia. Ndipo, akuyang'ana pa iwo, inu mukuzindikira kuti izi ndi chinyumba, monga amasimbira, kuti pomanga kalonga moyo. Ndipo kotero ndizachisoni kuti pafupifupi onse a iwo tsopano anasiya.

Swedish linga

Anasunga wakale Russian nyumba yanuyi ngale monga Vyborg Castle, limene ndi ochepa zipilala mbiri anasunga pafupifupi mwathunthu. Ili mu Leningrad dera chinthu ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha Western European zomangamanga akale asilikali. Linamangidwa nthawi yaitali - kuchokera 1293 chaka 1894. Ife akulera kuti asilikali a Sweden, pamene Iye adalowa nkhondo zomenyera lachitatu Karelia, ndi amene angakuthandizeni a Novgorod Wamkulu. Adzawonongeratu zokhalamo Karels, poyamba ili Castle Island, asilikali a Sweden ndi anamangidwira pano m'linga, khoma makulidwe a amene anafika mamita 2, lalitali nsanja, kufika mamita anayi.

Si choncho angaloŵe

Kwa zaka zambiri, chinyumba wamphamvu ankamangidwanso kangapo, nalimbika, osatembenukira ku malo achitetezo angaloŵe. Komabe, Peter I mu 1710 pambuyo 2 miyezi kuzinga anatenga Nyumbayi. Zakhala kwathunthu nachiritsidwa, kaboma Russian ataima apo. Pambuyo moto amphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zinachitika mu 1856, chinyumba zowawa, koma kumapeto a XIX m'ma izo kachiwiri mu zonse mogwirizana ndi mfundo zazikulu za makolo limzake. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World a nyumba choyipa. Tsopano m'nyumba m'nyumbayi eponymous.

Ndende ndi nyumba imawonongeka Knight

Mndandanda wa "maloko la Russia" apitirize kwambiri achinyamata ndipo inunso kupulumuka Butyrsky m'linga. Komabe, ili ndi ndende linga. Izo poyamba anamangidwira ndi lamulo la Catherine II ngati ndende. Mlembi wa polojekiti anali wotchuka wamanga Matvei Kazakov. nsanja anayi wozungulira ili pa ngodya ya m'linga. Pakati anali kachisi amene anawonongedwa ndi Bolsheviks. Tsopano Butyrka ntchito cholinga chake: ndi yaikulu m'ndende malo mu Moscow.

Mndandanda wa "nyumba Old Russian" zikuphatikizapo Insterburg, yomwe ili m'dera Kaliningrad. phata Izi anamangidwira Master Dietrich Von Altenburg mu 1336. Nyumbayi inali lowonongeka pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Koma pali chiyembekezo kuti adzakhalanso, koma ntchito yobwezeretsa zikuchitika pang'onopang'ono. chinthu Ichi chikudziwika pachaka knightly thupi.

Pearl wa Black Sea gombe

The nyumba yokongola kwambiri Russia akhoza umaimiridwa ndi "Nest kumeza Mulungu." Ngakhale kuchokera mbiri imanena, nyumbayi yatsopano, ndi wokongola, chikondi ndi amatikumbutsa nyumba wakale European kuti zawozo sangathe. Linamangidwa ndi wamanga Leonidom Shervudom, amene bambo wawo anali mlembi wa ntchito ya the Historical Museum pa Red Square. Sam zakale Museum anakumbutsanso Castle, ndipo Old nsanja pa nthawi yomweyo. Iye anamanga "Nest namzeze ndi" mu 1911, anasowa kwawo Germany Baron Von Steinheil. Mu Russia, iye anali nawo chitukuko cha mafuta Baku. Pearl wa Black Sea gombe ili pa phompho Aurora, pamalo okwera mamita 40 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Gaspra pa Cape Ai-Todor.

Castle kumpoto Capital

St. Michael kapena akatswiri okonza, kulinga ku St. Petersburg, ngati si yokongola kwambiri, chipilala yaikulu ya zomangamanga, amene anamaliza nkhani ya zomangamanga likulu mpoto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII. Ine anamulamula Paulo I. Izi Nyumbayi madzi anakhala pa mpando wa imfa yake. Author ikugwiridwira - Vincenzo Brenna, zaka za zomangamanga - 1797-1801. Likutchedwa akuphatikizapo chofunika kachisi Mihaila Arhangela (woyang'anira wa Nyumba ya Romanov), amene anali mu nyumba yachifumu lachifumu. Castle komanso anamuuza kudzitcha Paulo Ine, chifukwa aliyense raved za ku Ulaya, ndipo pambali, anatenga Grand Mwini Order ya Malta mutu, zomwe singakwaniritse kukhala mu Nyumbayi kapena zachifumu.

dera maloko Kaliningrad

mawu enieni oyenera maloko Russia, yomwe ili m'malire a m'dera Kaliningrad. Ambiri a iwo ali osasamalika. Kuwonjezera tatchulazi Insterburg, apa pali asungidwa nsanja Teutonic loko limene limafotokoza kuti amange XIII m'ma (m'mudzi tchuthi). Castle Wald (wotsika Village), anakhazikitsidwa mu 1264, ndi imodzi mwa atatu nyumba anasunga wa dera Kaliningrad.

Ziwiri zotsatira - Georgenburg ili pafupi Chernyakhovsk ndi Tapiau Nyumbayi kuti alonda. Onse anali linakhazikitsidwa ndi Knights wa Teutonic Order. Tapiau pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World chaperekedwa mu ndende, ndipo kokha mu 2013, akaidi anatitumiza kunja, ndi chinyumba anasamutsa maulamuliro mzinda kubwezeretsa. Pali m'chigawo pang'ono kuwonongedwa akale (Buku masiku oyamba ku 1257) Nyumbayi Shaak.

Ponena za dera Kaliningrad, sitingathe amanyalanyaza 4 nyenyezi Nyumbayi hotelo Nesselbeck, stylized yakale yoyendera. Ndi ichi mwamuna wokongola m'mudzi wa Orlovka. Kulengedwanso malinga ndi zithunzi zakale, ali okonzeka ndi zonse zofunika apaulendo wozindikira koposa.

Moscow maloko

Russia nyumba lokongola ndipo kutali kum'mawa kwa kukafika kumadzulo. Kumene, alimbane makamaka m'zaka za m'ma XIX, iwo zinalengedwa mchikakamizo cha nyumba European, amene chidwi moneybags Russian, amene ankafuna kuti kunyumba chidutswa cha Ulaya. Zinali mu dela la mzinda, pali zigawo zingapo mu kalembedwe nyumba Gothic kapena zachifumu. Koma tiyenera kudziwa kuti maofesi Russian mu unyinji ikuchepa.

aiwala kukongola

Anasiya maloko Russian, wosunga kuda kukongola zake zakale ndi ukulu, n'chifukwa chiyani limzake. Ndipo mmene zabwino iwo adzabwereranso, Tingaone ku Podushkino malo. Baroness Castle Mayendorf, stylized akale knightly yomanga eniake, ndi kokha mpingo ndi lotseguka maulendo. Nyumbayi ndi zabwino kwambiri, koma zimakhala zosiyana. Iye anali mwayi chifukwa iye ndi gawo la Barvikha ndi anthu pawokha asakhumudwitse maso anu bwinja. Anasiya maloko Russian (chithunzi Ufumuyo), monga Muromtsevo Nyumbayi, yomwe ili pakati Vladimir ndi Moore, Akukwera ndi Vasilyevskaya Manor, kamodzi pa nyumba zokongola kwambiri, palibe njira wolephera prototypes nanyambita Western chifukwa chisoni. A mpingo yosanjikizana, yomwe ili kutali na ndege Bykovo - si Mfumukazi Castle? analembadi ndi analembedwa ndi Bazhenov kwambiri.

Tikukhulupirira, zinthu izi yapadera kutha kwa nkhope ya dziko lapansi.