The English utasintha za m'ma XVII

The English utasintha cha m'ma 17 azambiriyakale ambiri kuyitana nkhondo yapachiweniweni kapena bourgeois zisinthe. Patapita zaka zochepa boma la Britain chasanduka mu ufumu malamulo a dziko lino ndi nyumba yamalamulo amphamvu kwambiri wotsegulira kupeza oimira mphamvu ya kalasi bourgeois.

Komabe, English utasintha sanali kokha nkhondo yolimbana ndi mphamvu zonse za mfumu. Panali kukumana ndi zipembedzo - pakati Oyeretsa ndi otsatira Church of England nthawi zonse ankamenyana. Inadutsa monga kupanduka okhazikika mwa Chi ndi Irish.

Zoyambitsa wa English utasintha

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Elizabeti Tudor dziko linali mu malo ovuta kwambiri. Dziwani kuti mu zaka otsiriza lalikulu mfumukazi yamalamulo maganizo ndi pafupifupi si n'komwe. Koma malingaliro a otchuka ndi zinasinthiratu pambuyo wachifumu anatenga Yakobo English, amene ankakhulupirira kuti mfumu - yekha amene ali ndi ufulu wodzilamulira.

Zinthu zinasinthanso kunakula pambuyo coronation a Charles, amene anali ndi maganizo andale bambo ake. Choyamba, mfumu inakonza kugwirizanitsa anthu a Ireland, England ndi ku Scotland, ndipo izo si amene anayambitsa wofuna mbali. Chachiwiri, iye anafuna kulamulira popanda thandizo la nyumba ya Ambuye. Mu zaka zisanu mfumu, lachiweruzo ndi kupasuka yamalamulo katatu, kenako amasiya thandizo kwa zaka 11.

Komanso, Carl anakwatira Catholic, amene sakanakhoza amaona Oyeretsa, amene ankayesetsa kuthetsa dziko ngakhale zikumera zing'onozing'ono Chikatolika.

Mogwirizana ndi kugalukira Scottish mu 1642, Karl amatchedwa Nyumba ya Malamulo, omwe amadziwika ndi mbiri "yaitali". Mfumu sanathe kupasuka kwa Nyumba ya Ambuye ndipo anathawira ku New York.

The English utasintha ndi zotsatira zake

Chifukwa cha kupanduka kwake, ndi kudziwa aphungu anagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Cavaliers anali Mulungu anamupatsa mphamvu ya mfumu. Mfumu adachimanga ambiri otchuka kuchokera m'dziko lonselo kuti poyamba anamupatsa ntchito ya usilikali. Gawo lina la anthu - kuzungulira mutu - anathandiza lingaliro mafumu malamulo a dziko lino ndi boma aphungu. Ambiri Roundheads munali Puritan kutsogoleredwa ndi Oliver Cromwell.

asilikali Choyamba Cromwell ataphunzitsa zovuta kukana apakavalo. Komabe, mwayi anali kumbali ya Roundheads lapansi. Mu 1644 nkhondo kunachitika pa Marton Moor, zomwe zinachititsa Cromwell panatenga pafupifupi gawo lonse la North la England.

Kale latsopano chitsanzo asilikali unakhazikitsidwa mu 1645, imene inali basi wa, asilikali akatswiri ophunzitsidwa. Mu chaka chomwecho panali Nkhondo ya Naseby, amene manowa mphamvu ya Roundheads lapansi.

Mu 1649, Charles Ine analandidwa ndi kuphedwa. Mu chaka chomwecho, England analengeza ndi mafumu malamulo.

Komabe, boma ankadabwa amati ndi lamulo lalikhulu ladziko. Kale mu 1653 Oliver Kromvel ananena kuti Ambuye (mtetezi) mu England analamulira kupondereza asilikali.

Atamwalira Cromwell a nyumba yamalamulo anaganiza kuti ayambirenso udindo wa Mafumu. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti pambuyo pa kukwera wachifumu wa mwana wa mfumu anaphedwa English utasintha kunatha. Mu 1660, Charles II anavekedwa.

Zotsatira za English utasintha

Cholinga chachikulu cha chiwembu anali atafika - England anakhala mafumu malamulo. Mtsogolo, ndi yamalamulo amphamvu, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa mphamvu unapangidwa ndi banja lachifumu. Tsopano utsogoleli wa boma mwayi ndi oimira bourgeoisie lapansi.

Iwo analengeza ndi ufulu wochita malonda, amene kwambiri patsogolo chikhalidwe cha chuma cha boma, komanso zofooketsa ndi Netherlands, umene ankaona odana waukulu England.