"Muzichita-HIB" (katemera): malangizo ntchito. Katemera ndi Hib matenda

Pakali pano, chinthu choopsa kwambiri thanzi la ana ndi Haemophilus influenzae (Hib). Akufotokozera mofulumira kwambiri ndipo angathe kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri, kuphatikizapo imfa. Choncho, posachedwapa, mu dziko lathu, ana ndi ena akulu ndi jekeseni kudzera jekeseni njira mankhwala - "Muzichita-HIB" (katemera). Russia ali m'gulu mu katemera kalendala ake okha mu 2011.

Hib ndi chiyani?

Bakiteriya amene amachititsa Hib, amatchedwa Haemophilus influenzae, kapena n'kudziphatika Afanasiev-Pfeiffer. Pali mitundu isanu ya ndodo iyi, koma zoopsa kwambiri ndi Wand mtundu b. Izo zimayambitsa Inde choopsa cha matenda ndi mavuto zina. Pafupifupi 85% ya akulu ndi 35-40% ya ana - onyamula Haemophilus influenzae. chithunzi ndi lalikulu, koma n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa Haemophilus limabweretsa gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda makonzedwe, kotero kukhalapo kwake mu thupi zochepa imatengedwa ponseponse.

The apamwamba kuchuluka onyamula Hib matenda anati mu kindergartens, za 5%. matenda opatsirana ndi m'malovu airborne, kotero kuopsa kuchepa mu malo onse ndi mkulu mokwanira. Mu kindergartens matenda izi zikhoza kudzera katundu wa m'nyumba: mbale, matawulo ndi zidole. The kukula kwa matenda amadalira kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kugwera mu thupi. Ndi munthu ochepa amakhala chotengera ndi kukhudzana lalikulu iyamba kukhala matenda. Ngakhale kuvala matenda amaona, ndi kufooka pang'ono chitetezo cha m'thupi yomweyo amalola mukudziwa za matenda nokha kwambiri opatsirana.

Hib matenda zambiri imagwira ana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka 5. The zaka owopsa kwa chitukuko cha matenda - kuchokera miyezi 6 mpaka 12, choncho mankhwala ndi "mchitidwe-HIB" (katemera) ali ofunika kwambiri makamaka nthawi imeneyi.

The Haemophilus influenzae oopsa?

"Muzichita-HIB" (katemera) cholinga imene'yi analimbikitsa ndi madokotala, chifukwa matenda ndi chitetezo chokwanira lotereli zingachititse angapo mavuto aakulu, monga:

• meninjaitisi - imbaendesa munthu ku kuwononga kwambiri ubongo, kuchuluka imfa ya matenda poyerekeza ndi mkulu wina, ndi 15%;
• epiglottitis - matenda kungachititse kuti asphyxia, amene kutsamwa;
• chibayo - matenda chifukwa cha matenda Haemophilus influenzae, makamaka chimasiyanitsa otaya katundu ndi amaposa imfa;
• sepsis - ngakhale pali zina, koma ali m'mavuto oopsa;
• Matenda - osati oopsa monga chibayo, koma ndi zinadzala ndi kusintha kwa mtundu aakulu;
• otitis TV - ndi nthenda yotaya katundu likuoneka tsankho ugonthi.

Izi osanenapo chakuti Hib matenda amayambitsa matenda pachimake kupuma ndi chitukuko cha nyamakazi. Zichiwembu Hib ndi zizindikiro koyamba nthawi zambiri sayambitsa nkhawa makolo. zizindikiro matenda zambiri kale noticeable ndi maonekedwe a matendawo. Ndodo mtundu b makamaka kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala, motero kuchititsa mabvuto mankhwalawa matenda Haemophilus influenzae (Hib). Katemerayu sizitanthauza kuti mwana si odwala, koma kudzakuthandizani kuthetsa matenda.

katemera

"Muzichita-HIB" (katemera) amapangidwa ndi kampani French, "Sanofi Pasteur". Iwo anali mayina Russia mu 1997, mpaka 2010 katemera motsutsana Hib matenda pa tsiku maziko kwawo. Only kumapeto kwa 2010, chifukwa kufala kwa matenda, anauphatikiza ndi katemera kalendala mwalamulo.

"Muzichita-HIB" - katemera, ndemanga zimene zimatsutsana kwambiri. Komabe, imene'yi analimbikitsa makolo ndi ana osaposa zaka 5. Makamaka izo nkhawa ana, kufanizira ndi magulu otsatirawa chiopsezo:

• ana msanga;
• ana omwe botolo zodyetsedwa;
• Ana ndi chitetezo wofooka, imvera chimfine kawirikawiri;
• Kids ndi matenda aakulu chifukwa cha thupi sangathe kulimbana ndi matenda;
• ana kupezeka sukulu onse.

"Muzichita-HIB" (katemera) ndi analaswa, osati ana komanso akuluakulu akudwala immunodeficiency.

Kodi ntchito katemera?

Hemophilic mankhwala zachokera pa Antigen zosalongosoka, zaikidwa mapuloteni molekyulu za kafumbata toxoid. Iwo lilibe bakiteriya Haemophilus influenzae mtundu B ndi kotero, sanali hule matenda. The osakaniza ndi mapuloteni Antigen mavuto angapo nthawi imodzi:

• ana unakhazikitsidwa chitetezo chokwanira amphamvu kuti mabakiteriya;
• Anamuuza m'munsi reactogenicity ya katemera ndi kupanga izo otetezeka.

Haemophilus katemera poyerekeza ndi anzawo, ndipo awo awiri - katemera "Hiberiks" ndi "Pentaxim" anatenga maphunziro zambiri matenda amene zotsatila kuposa zogwira mtima. Anapeza kuti chitetezo chokwanira kwaiye mwana, anakhalabe kwa zaka 4. Nthawiyi ndi zokwanira, chifukwa m'chaka chachisanu cha moyo mwana amayamba kutulutsa kuchuluka kwa akupha Hib matenda.

Mtundu uwu wa pafunika osati chitetezo munthu ku kachirombo, komanso kumalimbitsa ng'ombe chitetezo chokwanira. maphunziro sikumatha kwasonyeza kuti ku sukulu mwa kuchuluka katemera zochitika anachepetsedwa ku 40 3.

The katemera ndandanda

Katemerayu ndi "mchitidwe-HIB" malangizo Buku lomwe ndi bwino kuti aliyense dokotala, kuika ana kuyambira pa miyezi ziwiri zakubadwa. Ngati katemera koyamba zichitike miyezi sikisi moyo wa mwana, chiwembu zikuwoneka ngati izi:

• choyamba - katemera aikidwa pa tsiku lokhazikika;
• kachiwiri - kukonzanso katemera ikuchitika masiku 30-45;
• kachitatu - ndi katemera omalizira adzakhala kuikidwa chaka chimodzi pambuyo woyamba.

Ngati mlingo woyamba anaperekedwa mu theka lachiwiri la chaka, chiwembu, motero, zimasiyanasiyana mwachitsanzo, atachotsedwa sitepe imodzi katemera wapangidwa ndi imeneyi ya mwezi 1. Ngati katemera pambuyo chaka, kuti mulibe jekeseni mmodzi.

"Muzichita-HIB" - katemera, malangizo chimene chimafuna kugwilizana kwambiri ndi malamulo. Pokha mwachita intramuscularly kapena subcutaneously. Kids amene ali ochepera zaka 2 zakubadwa, anali jekeseni gawo zapambuyo ya ntchafu, ana okulirapo - mu phewa, kapena kani, mu mnofu deltoid.

Features ndi zikuchokera

Mu Russia, limodzi la katemera kwambiri otetezeka ndi yabwino jekeseni ndi "mchitidwe-Hib". Malangizo, ndemanga madokotala ena ndi Russian amati mankhwala amaloledwa kusakaniza mu syringe chomwecho ndi katemera ena, monga katemera DTP. Mwa ubwino waukulu wa mankhwala zingaphatikizepo mokoma zotsatirazi:

• pafupifupi zotsatira palibe mbali, choncho analola kuti ana chibadwire;
• Iwo ali thandizo lalikulu mu chiphunzitso cha kuchuluka Napempha kwa chitetezo;
• Kumalimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi kwa nthawi yaitali;
• Izo zikusonyeza zotsatira zabwino polimbana ndi mtundu b Wand.

Katemera Haemophilus othandiza chifukwa cha kupanga gawo la zinthu zimene ntchito yapamwamba. Ali:

• sucrose;
• sodium kolorayidi;
• madzi matendawa jekeseni;
• trometamol;
• pawiri ndi polysaccharide kafumbata mapuloteni.

zikuchokera Izi zimathandiza kukhalabe chitetezo cha m'thupi pa mlingo woyenera ngakhale ana aang'ono kwambiri.

Chisoni kwa katemera ndi zotheka mavuto

"Muzichita-HIB" - katemera, amene N'zosavuta kunyamula. Pafupifupi milandu onse, chitetezo cha m'thupi Yankho mokwanira kwa oyamba a jekeseni, koma ochepa wa kumezanitsa anachita ndi zoperewera. Kumenyana limagwirira kulimbana matenda aumbike mwa masiku 14 pambuyo utsogoleli. Oposa 90% ya chiwerengero katemera, iye anali pa msinkhu chomwecho kwa zaka 4 ndi 5.

Childs, ntchito ya katemera sayambitsa zotsatira zilizonse, zina, pangakhale redness, kutupa kapena induration pa malo jekeseni. Komanso, jekeseni kungayambitse mavuto otsatirawa:

• kutupa;
• oyabwa;
• totupa;
• kusanza;
• nkhawa ndi yaitali akulira;
• malungo;
• ming'oma;
• kupweteka.

Childs, symptomatology izi ananena pamene kusakaniza katemera awiri. Ilo liri kwathunthu popanda mankhwala masana. Iwo ananena kuti katemera imfayo kuwonjezeka mu imeneyi pakati pa magulu kupuma kwa makanda. Izi ndi zoona makamaka obadwa nthawi yawo isanakwane anabadwa pasanafike pa sabata 28.

Kukonzekera katemera

Kupewa mavuto, kumayambiriro katemera Hib, ngati wina aliyense, muyenera kukonzekera. Kuti tichite zimenezi, wodziwa kucheza ndi dokotala kapena dokotala ndi kulongosola mfundo zonse zofunikira za katundu ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa za mankhwala. Mu masiku ochepa asanayambe katemera ayenera kukhala:

• kuchita kufufuza zonse ndi sing'anga;
• kuteteza mwana asanakumane ndi anthu odwala;
• ngati mwana akudyetsedwa ndi mkaka wam'mawere, mayi sayenera atchule zakudya zatsopano zakudya zanu - ndi zinadzala ndi zosiyanasiyana thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Thupi la munthu aliyense atamvetsera katemera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuthetsa kapena kupewa zochita zosayembekezereka, Ndi bwino:

• pambuyo katemera kukhala moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala kwa theka la ola;
• kupanga nezi tsiku, koma m'madera pali woipa lalikulu la anthu, njira yokha kuteteza matenda ndi matenda;
• woyamba masiku atatu, mukhoza kusamba mwana wanu pa shawa zosaposa Mphindi 3;
• amapatula oyamba a zakudya za mwana kapena mayi zatsopano.

Katemera Haemophilus kungachititse ziwengo kuti zigawo munthu, kotero ngati muyeso njira ayenera kumwedwa mankhwala monga "Suprastin" kapena "Zodak" (malangizo adokotala).

contraindications

Malinga ndi malangizo, katemera contraindicated mu:

• anthu ndi tsankho munthuyo zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala;
• ana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana anachita katemera uyu kapena katemera wina;
• ana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana anachita ndi kafumbata toxoid.

Pakuti kuloŵerera wathunthu zigawo zikuluzikulu mankhwala ndi thupi ziyenera kukhala wathanzi kwathunthu.

Kumasulidwa mawonekedwe ndi katemera zinthu yosungirako

A botolo mankhwala ndi syringe ndi njira jekeseni amapangidwa mu paketi matenthedwe. Kugula mankhwala amaloledwa yekha kuti mabungwe zachipatala.

Kusunga vayozi wa katemera mu firiji, momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha - 2-8 madigiri Celsius. Ngati lokonzekera ndi kusungidwa otsika kutentha, izo wotaya ambiri katundu yogwira. ntchito mawu a katemera - zaka 3, umene ntchito.