Tapir ndi ... Playa Tapir

Pedro Martir, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, adafotokoza tapir kuti: "kukula kwa ng'ombe, ndi thunthu la njovu ndi nsalu za kavalo." Ndipotu, maonekedwe a nyama ndi osakaniza osakaniza: panthawi imodzimodziyo amawoneka ngati nkhumba, ponyoni kapena banjino ndi thunthu ngati njovu ngakhale kuti ndi lalifupi. M'nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana momveka bwino za nyama yosangalatsayi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imabweretsa chikondi.

Habitat

Tapir ndi mtundu wa ziweto zazikulu za gulu la anthu osadziwika, omwe amaperekedwa kwa banja la tapir. M'chinenero cha fuko limodzi la Brazil, dzina la zinyama zimenezi limatanthauza "mafuta", omwe amadziwika molunjika ndi khungu lawo.

Tapir ndi nyama yomwe imakhala ku Southeast Asia ndi Latin America. Kumeneko, zinyama zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje. Mitundu yamakono ndiyo magulu a kagulu kamodzi kamodzi, komwe dera lawo likufalikira ku Northern America . Ku America, nthumwi zakutchire izi ndizo zokhazo.

Maonekedwe

Pa zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, maonekedwe a tapir sanasinthe kwambiri. Lero tapir yofiira ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi makolo ake akalekale. Chinachake chofanana ndi kavalo, nyamakazi. Tapir pa miyendo yamphongo (zitatu zala) ndi miyendo inayi (yofanana ndi miyendo inayi) imakhala yofanana (imakhala yofanana ngakhale kumphindi kakang'ono). Pa miyendo palinso zofufuzira zomwe zili pansi pa gululi, zomwe ziri ngati akavalo a mabokosi. Wapepala wa ku America ali ndi kakang'ono pamutu pake. Mlomo wapamwamba, umene uli wochuluka kwambiri kuposa akavalo, umatambasulidwa mu proboscis. Nyama zimabadwira mu chovala chimene, mwachionekere, makolo a zinyama zosiyanasiyana ankayendayenda: magulu oyenda pansi omwe amachokera pamchira mpaka kumutu pamdima wa khungu lawo. Mofananamo, "mapazi" amapezedwanso.

Tapirs ali ndi zinyama zodzaza ndi thupi lokhala ndi thupi lofiira, lalifupi, kawirikawiri tsitsi lofiira kapena lofiirira. Kutalika kwa mbuzi pamene ukufota ndi pafupifupi 1.2 mamita, kutalika - 1.8 mamita, ndi kulemera kwathunthu - kufika pa 275 kg. Mphuno, kuphatikizapo mphuno za tapir ndi mlomo wakumtunda, imapitsidwira kukhala kamtundu kakang'ono kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthyola mphukira kapena masamba. Maso ali aang'ono, makutu ozungulira amathamangira kunja. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, miyendo yamphongo ndi yala zitatu, kutsogolo kuli ndizing'onong'ono zinayi, pamene nthambi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zonse ziwiri imadutsamo chala chachitatu, chomwe chimatenga katundu waukulu. Chala chilichonse chimatha ndi ziboda zazing'ono. Mchira uli waufupi, ngati ukudulidwa.

Ichi ndi chinyama champhamvu kwambiri, kenako chinatchedwa ZIL "Tapir" yatsopano. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, galimotoyo inalandira mpweya wabwino, kukumbukira maonekedwe a chinyama.

Mphamvu

Tapir ndi nyama yomwe imadyetsa masamba a zitsamba zamitengo ndi zomera zam'madzi. Kuthamangirira bwino, kusambira, kungakhale motalika pansi pa madzi, ndipo ngati pangozi, nthawi zonse amafuna chipulumutso mwa icho.

Chasprachny Tapir ndi nyama yobisika usiku, yomwe imakonda kubisala m'nkhalango zamdima. Pali nyengo yosamukasamuka - nyengo yamvula imapezeka kumadera otsika, nyengo yamvula - komanso m'mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Sumatra, nyama zinawonetsedwa pamtunda wa mamita 1500 m'mapiri. Komanso, kusamukira kumatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe zowonjezera chakudya ndi moto wamoto; Tapirs ku Thailand m'nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku mitengo yovuta kupita ku nkhalango zobiriwira. Owonjezeka, iwo anayamba kukumana pamphepete, kugwa ndi minda.

Kubalanso

Kujambula kwa tapir kumachitika chaka chonse. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 400, makamaka 1 mwana wabadwa, koma amapanso mapasa. Nyama za ku America, makanda amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mawanga oyera ndi magulu okulirapo pa khungu lakuda. Pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chitsanzo ichi chimayamba kutha, chaka chomwecho mtunduwo umakhala wamkulu - chimatsitsi. Tapirs amakhala pafupifupi zaka 30.

Ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti pali mitundu itatu ya mitundu iyi ku America, koma imodzi yokha ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha tapir kulikonse chinachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa chotsitsa nkhalango pansi ndikusaka nyama. Mitundu yonse imatetezedwa ndipo, kupatula pa zigwa, zidaphatikizidwa mu Buku Lopatulika.

Chigwa cha Tapir

Ndi mitundu yobiriwira yofiirira yomwe ili ndi mawanga oyera pachifuwa, khosi ndi mmero. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala m'nkhalango ku South America. Ma tapirini obiriwira amapezeka usiku. Masana amachotsedwa m'mphepete mwa usiku, usiku amabwera kukapeza chakudya. Nyama izi zimadziwa kusamba ndi kusambira bwino. Kawirikawiri, iwo ali osamala kwambiri komanso amantha, ngati akuwopseza pang'ono, amathawa kapena amayesera kubisala m'madzi.

Mphepete mumapiri, ngati kuli kofunikira, amatetezedwa ndi chithandizo cha mano, akuwombera wovutayo. Ngati anthu awiri akakumana, ndiye kuti khalidwe lawo limagwirizana, monga lamulo, ndi loopsa. Amalemba malo awo ndi mkodzo, komanso pofuna kuyankhulana ndi achibale awo, kumveka kozizwitsa mofanana ndi mluzi. Amadyetsa zomera zokha, posankha mbali zawo zofewa kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa masamba, amadya impso, algae, zipatso ndi nthambi. Adani a tapirs ndi monga ng'ona, amagugu ndi makola.

Phiri lamapiri

Uyu ndiye woimira kakang'ono kwambiri wa mtunduwu. Phiri tapir ndi nyama yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango ya Colombia ndi Ecuador. Kuchokera ku chigwacho chimasiyana ndi tsitsi lakuda lakuda ndi kusowa kwa mane. Mitundu imeneyi mu 1824-1827. Pa maphunziro a Andes a ku Colombi, asayansi a ku France Jean Baptiste Boussingault ndi Desiree Roulin anafotokoza. Iwo adanena kuti nyama yodabwitsa ili ndi ubweya wautali, ngati chimbalangondo.

Zipangizo za m'mapiri ndizokhaokha, zomwe zimagwira ntchito usiku, zomwe zimachokera pamapiri masana. Iwo ndi okwera okwera okwera omwe amadziwanso kukwera ndi kusambira, kuwonjezera, iwo ali okonzeka kukumba mumatope. Koma tisaiwale kuti awa ndi amantha kwambiri nyama, pokhapokha poopseza amadzibisa pansi pa madzi. Mapiritsi awa ndiwonso azitsamba. Amadyetsa nthambi, masamba ndi mbali zina za zomera.

Chapper Tapir

Chapper Tapir amatha kuwona kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa Asia, makamaka, ku Thailand, kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa Burma, ku chilumba cha Malacca, kuzilumba zoyandikana nazo. Mbali yake yamkati ya thupi, komanso miyendo yamphongo, imakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, ndipo pakati (kuchokera pamapewa mpaka kumchira) ndi woyera, ngati kuti uli ndi chipewa. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wotchedwa "dismembering", umene umasungira mwatcheru nyamayi ndi usiku womwe ukutuluka usiku, pamene dziko lonse lapansi liri lakuda ndi loyera zoyendera.

Chaprachny tapir imathamangitsanso bwino ndikusambira, koma ngakhale akwatirana m'madzi, ndikumangirira kwathunthu, akhoza kuyendayenda pansi pa nyanja. Iye nthawi zonse amagwera mu matope, potero amachotsa parasitic tizilombo ndi nthata.

Central American tapir

Ichi ndi chirombo chachikulu cha mtundu wofiira wa mtundu wofiira. Zimapezeka m'madera ochokera ku Mexico kupita ku Panama. Maonekedwe ofanana kwambiri ndi achibale ochokera ku South America, ngakhale kuti amasiyanasiyana ndi iwo mu ndondomeko ya mawonekedwe.

Ku Central America tapir, kutalika kwake kumafalikira masentimita 120, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 300, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi 200 masentimita. Ndi zizindikiro zotero, sizingaganizidwe ngati tapir yaikulu kwambiri ya New World, komanso imene ndi nyama yaikulu kwambiri yam'mlengalenga ku America. Imafanana ndi kunja kwa tapir, pomwe, kuwonjezera pa kukula kwake kwakukulu, ili ndi makina afupi kumbuyo kwa mutu.