Streletsky kuti ndi chiyani?

Streletsky kuti - limodzi la mabungwe a kutsogolera dera la Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu ku chomwe pambuyo anakulira lonse Russian ufumu. Pambuyo pa adani a m'mayiko kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Golden gulu zopitirizira kugwira ntchito zinachitikadi kudzera zopezera matupi wapadera zolimbana - kwake, amene pambuyo anakula zonse zaboma "ofesi" - malamulo. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti masiku kwa nthawi, kapangidwe kasamalidwe mkati analengedwa mu ulamuliro wa Ivana Groznogo.

kusintha Internal ndi Streletsky kuti

Chaka maziko a latsopano bungwe - 1571 TH. Kufunika kupanga mabungwe theka-palokha kasamalidwe musketeer ndi dongosolo Cossack wakhala akamayamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Kukula kwa ufumu Moscow amafuna ulamuliro kusintha pa magulu mkati zida. Fletcher lakale kanyumba sanathe kumvetsa kuonetsetsa ulamuliro wa Strelets asilikali, Komanso, ena a iwo ali wamng'ono kwa boyars m'deralo. Latsopano kusintha kwathunthu reorganized wa asilikali mkati mwa Muscovy, mwachindunji subordinated mphamvu yawo lachifumu kapangidwe formalized wa mayunitsi latsopano utsogoleri - madongosolo.

Activities malamulo akaponya

Cholinga choyambirira cha chilengedwe cha thupi ili zinali kupereka malipiro chakudya ndi ndalama za oimira Strelets asilikali. Nchito akaponya malamulo anatsika kusamala ntchito, ndikulondera misewu, convoy Barizilai katundu wapatali. Komanso, oponya mivi zinthu ngati brigades ano moto ndipo ngakhale ... miimba.

mfundo ndi yakuti mu zaka za m'ma XVI, Moscow sanali osiyana ochokera m'matawuni ena akale. Matope anali nthaŵi zonse Muscovites. msewu kuyeretsa zinachitikadi pamaso pa chofunika ya mwambowu, monga kulowa kwa akazembe yachilendo kapena kusiya banja lachifumu m'malo ambiri ankakhala mu dela la mzinda. Izi zilili anali untenable, kotero akulamula Chilango chaukali wakhala lokhazikika kwa iwo m'ng'anjo zovunda msewu, kapena ayi kutsukidwa kutsogolo kwa zipata zawo m'deralo. Ngakhale miyezo m'malo mwa nkhanza, misewu anali kutsukidwa zoumbika mosiyanasiyana ndi monyinyirika, milatho anali anakonza pa nthawi yolakwika. Udindo ukhondo wa m'misewu anapatsidwa apolisi a m'derali. Komabe, apolisi anali ochepa kwambiri ndipo analibe thandizo lenileni. Madzulo a zikondwelelo apolisi zakulitsa mphamvu oponya mivi ndi Cossacks, wondituma Streletsky dongosolo. ntchito yawo inali kuwunika ntchito sweepers, miimba, ndi kubwezera chilango kwa iwo amene sanali kukwaniritsa malamulo a mfumu m'misewu woyera. Poyamba, oponya mivi anali ntchito kokha m'chaka mawu a chaka chimodzi, koma posakhalitsa mtundu wa utumiki akhoza anawonjezera basi, ndipo oponya mivi monga alonda kapena apolisi angathe kutumikira boma mzinda kwa zaka zambiri.

Mphamvu za malamulo Strelets '

katundu wolemera pa nazo akaponya malangizo a madipatimenti ena kuyang'anira kutolera misonkho ya msonkho wa anthu ndi chernososhennogo wamba. Kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama ndi malipiro zachilengedwe kunachitidwa kuyang'aniridwa ndi mutu wa dongosolo, amene pandekha udindo kwa mfumu moyo wa anthu servicemen. Streletsky kuti analamulira m'mayiko amene allocated "kudyetsa wake" akapitawo a dongosolo musketeer, komanso m'madera awo imene munali mbali Royal.

Iwo Strelets kuti anali kuyang'anira Manning a mayunitsi anapangidwa kuchokera odzipereka mu nthawi kumaliseche a ngozi. Izi zilili chinakhalapo mpaka 1613, pamene ena mphamvu anatitumiza dongosolo wongokhazikitsidwa wa Cossack Cossack detachment pa kasamalidwe. Posachedwa Streletsky kuti anakhala zonse kunachitika ulamuliro apolisi - zochitika za kufufuza ndi kufunsitsa. Kukula chofunika kuwonjezeka bureaucracy, ndi cha m'ma XVII chiwerengero cha clerks amene anatumikira ku Střelecký kuti, kuwirikiza kawiri.

Atsogoleri a malamulo

Pa mutu wa mabungwe watsopano kukhala woweruza boyars, imene panali othandizira angapo. Pa kusintha loyang'anira kwake akale Streletskoye anatsogolera clerks Grigoriy Grigorevich Kolychev (1571-1572), Vasily Yakovlevich Shchelkalov (1573) ndi Luka (Rudak) Tolmachev (1578-1580). Oyambirira a anthu anakhala mutu wa akaponya malamulo I. Godunov, amene walunjika dipatimenti mpaka 1593.

kuchepa

M'zaka za m'ma XVII Streletsky kuti ali kukodzedwa kwambiri mphamvu zake anakhala mmodzi wa mabungwe otchuka mu Muscovy. Pakutha 1629, amagonjera wake amene anaperekedwa kuthetsa amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida - mmodzi wa malo loyamba la manja tsogolo Russian.

Mu 1672, chiwerengero cha anthu oponya mivi ndi Cossacks kuchuluka kwambiri kuti kunali koyenera kuti alenge m'madipatimenti awiri zina azipeza zonse - kuti deta musketeers mkate ndi malamulo kulandira Strelets mkate. Anthu a Pomerania ndalama kupala. Atasonkhana mkate anabweretsedwa ku Moscow makamaka Zhitnyaya makhoti, ili mkati kuyenda mtunda kuchokera Kaluga ndi Myasnitskaya chipata chiunda chomenyerapo nkhondo. Phwando ndi yobereka chakudya mkate anali kuyang'anira alembi ndi clerks alemba ntchito ku oponya mivi kusankidwa matauni regiments.

kuyesa kusintha

Mu 1676 panali pofuna kukuza Streletsky kuti posamutsa iye mu regiments kugonjera Moscow kusankidwa asilikali, koma 1680 chisankho chinafafanizidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuchita akaponya malamulo anali kudzipatula apolisi oponya mivi ndi tsopano malamulo administrated yekha strelets asilikali.

Chiyembekezo chakuti a dongosolo akaponya

Kupha asilikali Strelets zinachitika mu zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu. Zonse zazikulu kuyenda ulendo, ziphuphu ndi kuvutitsidwa ndi musketeers akuluakulu kasamalidwe zinachititsa kuti kupanduka. Mu 1698, silinakwaniritsidwe cholinga cha mpanduko zinachititsa kuphedwa kwa oponya mivi ambiri. Anaphera ndi kuzunza Tsar Peter unkagwira. Onse anaphedwa zikwi ziwiri oponya mivi kutentha ndi kutumizidwa - zikwi zitatu.

Yopanda magazi Streletsky kuti wakhala zopeka - Analibenso asilikali kapena ndalama. Pang'onopang'ono, mmodzi wa mabungwe otchuka wa Moscow n'kukhala mabungwe wamba zachuma ndi boma. The ndondomeko kusintha inathetsedwa Zemsky dongosolo, ndipo monga Motero, ntchito zake anatitumiza Streletsky, amene pa nthawiyo akadali bureaucracy kwambiri ndi kasamalidwe ntchito.

kuti Strelets linathetsedwa 23 June 1701. Special lachifumu lamulo izo anadzatchedwa mu dongosolo Zemsky zochitika. Patapita kanthawi iye anataya ubale uliwonse khamu ndipo mkati asilikali - zonse mwa ntchitozo anatitumiza ku Office wongokhazikitsidwa - Order ya Affairs usilikali.