Stanford Prison Kuyesera Filippa Zimbardo: ndemanga, kusanthula mfundo

Kodi pa nthawi ya Stanford Prison Kuyesera, inu mukudziwa? Ine ndikutsimikiza ambiri a inu amvapo za izo. Komabe, pambuyo pa Stanford mu 1971, mmodzi wa zatsopano otchuka m'ma 20 unachitikira. Chapansi zamaganizo dipatimentiyi kwa sabata limodzi unasanduka m'ndende ndi zoopsa zake zonse. N'chifukwa chiyani oyang'anira nkhanza? Amene zochita nawo mu phunziroli? ndi tsoka la okonza ake ndi ophunzira? Zonsezi mudzaphunzira ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Stanford Prison Kuyesera - amadziwika kuphunzira umoyo maganizo ikuchitika motsogoleredwa ndi Filippa Zimbardo, American zamaganizo. Mu kayeseleledwe chilengedwe m'ndende wakhala anaphunzira chikoka cha maudindo "mkaidi" ndi "bwana". Pantchito imeneyi anatumizidwa mosintha. gulu Phunziro ankaimba nawo kwa sabata.

"Amalondera malowa" kuti mupezeke chilengedwe, komanso zili za "akaidi" kumbuyo mipiringidzo anali ndi ufulu wina wa kanthu. Ongodzipereka amene anavomera zinthu komanso osiyana kupirira mavuto ndi nkhawa. Khalidwe la magulu onse analembedwa ndi kusanthula kale.

Kusankha ophunzira mu zimenezo

Stanford Prison Kuyesera - phunziro limene amuna 22 nawo. Iwo anali osankhidwa 75 anachita nyuzipepala malonda. Chifukwa chotenga amapereka kulipira $ 15 patsiku. Oyankha anali kulemba mafunso, womwenso mafunso okhudza thanzi la banja, mabwenzi, zomwe zimachitika m'moyo, zokonda ndi propensities. Izi zinathandiza ofufuza lilibe anthu opezeka ndi chigawenga kapena psychopathology. Imodzi kapena ziwiri experimenter yonenedwa ndi wina phungu. Chifukwa, iwo anagwira anthu 24, amene ankaoneka khola kwambiri maganizo ndi thupi, ambiri okhwima mwauzimu, ndi osachepera angathe khalidwe odana ndi chikhalidwe. anthu angapo, pakuti chirichonse zifukwa, akana nawo zimenezo. Enawo anagawanika osankhidwa mwachisawawa pouza theka la iwo udindo wa "akaidi" ndipo hafu inayo - "alonda".

Nkhani - wamwamuna ophunzira amene anali m'chilimwe pa Stanford, kapena pafupi ndi iye. Iwo anali makamaka bwino ndi woyera (kupatula Asian wina). Iwo sanadziwe mzake nawo zimenezo.

Udindo wa "mkaidi" ndi "woyang'anira"

Stanford Prison Kuyesera yoyerekeza zinthu m'ndende - "akaidi" usana ndi usiku mu ndende. Sewerani iwo anagawira mu chipinda, aliyense amene anali 3 anthu. "Alonda anali" ntchito mu eyiti maola, chifukwa tonse atatu. Iwo anali mu ndende pamene anasintha, ndipo nthawi zina kuchita malonda mwachizolowezi.

Kuti "alonda" zinthu mogwirizana ndi choonadi cha zochita zawo kwa zinthu m'ndende, anawapatsa malangizo kochepa. Komabe, ntchito kumenya ndi koletsedwa kutero.

Prison malawi

Nkhani, amene anali Ndizachidziwikire mwadzidzidzi anali "anamangidwa" m'makomo mwawo. Iwo anati iwo anali womangidwa pa kukayikitsa wakuba ndi mfuti kapena kuba m'nyumba, auzidwe za ufulu wawo, anafufuza, Pachionetsero china chotere ndipo anatengedwa ku polisi. Apa iwo anapambana kulowa ndondomeko mu owona ndi zala. Aliyense mkaidi atangofika ku ndende anavula wamaliseke, ndiye ankachitira ndi wapadera "nsabwe" (wamba perefyumu) ndipo anachoka nthawi zina yekha wamaliseche. Pambuyo pake, iye anapatsidwa zobvala zapadera, kujambulidwa ndipo anaikidwa m'chipinda a.

"Senior zinyama" werengani "mkaidi" malamulo, amene ayenera kuchita. Pofuna kuthana aliyense depersonalization za "zigawenga" Pasakhale pa mawonekedwe a nambala mwachindunji.

zinthu Prison

"The akaidi" analandira chakudya katatu patsiku, katatu patsiku kuyang'aniridwa ndi woyang'anira ndende amakhoza kupita ku chimbudzi kwa maola awiri allocated kulemba makalata kapena kuwerenga. 2 maulendo pasabata anatilola, komanso kupatsidwa ufulu wochita thupi ndi mafilimu.

"Pereka kuitana" woyamba udaikidwa kuonetsetsa kuti pali onse "akaidi" kuti aone kudziwa za chipinda awo ndi malangizo. Woyamba mayina inatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10, koma tsiku nthawi chawo chinakula, ndipo pamapeto ena a iwo inatenga maola angapo. "Alondawo" zinasintha kapena zimafika ambiri a zinthu a uchimo ndi chisanafike anaika. Komanso, pa zimenezo, maudindo ena ankangomumwaza anamuiwala ndodo.

The m'ndende Pasanapite mdima ndi zauve. The mwayi kupanga ufulu kutsukidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri adakana. Komanso, ena mwa "akaidi" ngakhale kukakamizidwa kuyeretsa zimbudzi ndi manja. Mphasa anachotsedwa "oipa" kamera, ndipo a m'ndendemo anakakamizika kugona pa simenti. Nthawi zambiri chilango anakana chakudya.

Tsiku loyamba anali ndi bata, koma pa chipwirikiti yachiwiri inayamba. Kupondereza "alonda" anabwera mwaufulu kwa yowonjezera. Iwo anaukira ndi moto wamitundumitundu "akaidi." Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, "ndende alonda" anayesa kusewera pa "akaidi" wina ndi mnzake, kugawa, tiganize kuti ena a iwo ndi "akazitape". Iwo anali zotsatira zake, ndiponso ngati chisokonezo chachikulu zinachitika.

zotsatira

Stanford Prison Kuyesera anasonyeza kuti zinthu kuwatsekela ndi phindu boma maganizo a asilikali ndi zigawenga, komanso zikuchitika pakati pa magulu ndi mwa njira lotha.

Pa "akaidi" ndi "alonda" ambiri panali chizolowezi kutchulidwa kuti ya limbitse maganizo. Onse a iwo anakhala mdima kaonedwe pa moyo. "Akaidi" mu njira zimenezo zambiri anasonyeza mokwiya. magulu onse utachepa kudzidalira ngati kuloŵerera a "ndende" khalidwe.

khalidwe kunja zambiri chinachitikira ndi maganizo komanso kudzikonda malipoti a nkhani. "Mapeto" ndi "alonda" anapereka zosiyanasiyana mogwirizana (zoipa kapena zabwino, amanyansidwa kapena zogwiriziza), koma chiŵerengero awo kwa wina ndi mzake anali kwenikweni mseru ankhanza, wopanda umunthu.

Pasanapite nthawi, "zigawenga" anazindikira khalidwe kwakukulukulu chabe. M'malo mwake, alonda anasonyeza ankachita zonse zochitika zazikulu ndi chidwi. khalidwe lawo wapakamwa okha makamaka kwa magulu a anthu ndipo anali chabe kwambiri. "Akaidi" kudziwa kuti zachiwawa sadzalola iwo, koma nthawi anati, makamaka a owayang'anila, kupulupudza. achipongwe m'malo ndi zachiwawa ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa mitundu yofala kulankhulana "alonda" ndi ali kundende.

"Parole"

A umboni wosatsutsika wakuti mmene zinthu zimakhudza anthu, ndi zochita za "akaidi" zisanu, nawo Stanford Prison Kuyesera Filippa Zimbardo. Chifukwa cha maganizo, nkhawa kwambiri ndi mkwiyo iwo anayenera kukhala "ufulu." Mu anayi nzika anali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndipo anayamba kuoneka kale pa tsiku 2 omalizawo. Wina anamasulidwa thupi la iye anali ndi zidzolo mantha.

Khalidwe la alonda

Stanford Prison Kuyesera Filippa Zimbardo anathetsa asanakalambe atapita masiku asanu okha, koma unali woti masabata awiri. Zotsala "akaidi" anasangalala kwambiri izo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, "alonda" munkakhala kukhumudwa. Zikuoneka kuti adakhoza kwathunthu kulowa ntchito. "Oyang'anira" chimwene ulamuliro, ndiponso adagawana ndi izo monyinyirika kwambiri. Komabe, mmodzi wa iwo anati kuti chikwiyire zowawa "akaidi", ndipo akufuna kufunsa okonza kuti mmodzi wa iwo, koma asanakumanepo. Onani kuti "alonda" kudzagwira ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi zingapo ngakhale mwaufulu ntchito yowonjezera popanda kulandira milandu zina.

kusiyana munthu mu makhalidwe a gulu

zochita Pathological amene aona mu magulu onse, kunena za mphamvu ya mphamvu chikhalidwe Powonetsa ife. Koma Zimbardo m'ndende wasonyezera pamaso kusiyana munthu mmene anthu savutika kupirira nkhani sankadziwa, mmene iwo mogwirizana nacho. Ogwetsa chikhalidwe cha moyo mu ndende anaima akaidi theka. Osati akapitawo onse osagwirizana ndi "zigawenga." Anthu ena kusewera ndi malamulo, ndiye panali aakulu koma chilungamo. Komabe, akuluakulu ena anapita kupitirira udindo wawo mu kuzunzidwa ndi nkhanza akaidi.

Ambiri, masiku 6, theka ophunzira anabweretsedwa ku malire a mtima woipa mtima. "Alonda" chipongwe "zigawenga" sankaloledwa mu chimbudzi, saloledwa kugona. Akaidi ena anagwa mu hysterics, ena anayesa kupanduka. Pamene Zimbardo m'ndende kuyesera anatuluka kulamulira, ofufuza anapitiriza kusunga zimene zikuchitika bola ngati mmodzi wa "akaidi" moona sanali kufotokoza maganizo.

Obwerawa ziyenera zimenezo

Zimbardo kuyamika kuyesera wake anakhala dziko wotchuka. kafukufuku wachititsa chidwi anthu. Komabe, asayansi ambiri wodzudzulidwa Zimbardo kuti zimenezo zinachitikadi popanda mfundo koyenela kuti sangathe adzaikidwa mu zinthu zoopsa achinyamata. Komabe, Stanford Zachidziwitso Committee anavomereza kuphunzira, ndi Zimbardo anati palibe amene angathe kulosera akapitawo udzakhala woipa mtima.

The American Psychological Association mu 1973 anatsimikizira kugwilizana ndi mfundo za chikumbumtima zimenezo. Komabe, zimenezi chinafafanizidwa zaka zotsatira. Kuti ayenera kuchitidwa palibe phunziro ofanana pa khalidwe la munthu m'tsogolo, ndinavomera Zimbardo yekha.

kuyesera, mabuku, mabuku olembedwa ndi limodzi nyimbo gulu ngakhale dzina okha pambuyo pake. Padakali, ikhala nkhani mkangano ngakhale anthu ake akale.

A review zimenezo Filippa Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo anati kuti cholinga zimenezo anali kuphunzira mmene anthu amachitira ndi kuletsa ufulu. Iye anali ndi chidwi khalidwe la kwambiri "akaidi" osati "owayang'anila". Kumapeto kwa tsiku loyamba Zimbardo anati, anaganiza kuti "alonda" anthu ndi maganizo odana authoritarian. Komabe, pambuyo "akaidi" anayamba kupanduka pang'ono, iwo anayamba kuchita zinthu ndi koopsa kwambiri, kuiwala kuti kuli kokha Stanford Prison Kuyesera Filippa Zimbardo. Photo Filipo anapereka pamwamba.

The ntchito yomwe Christina Maslakh

Christina mafuta, mkazi Zimbardo, ndi munthu mmodzi ofufuza za. Zinali iye amene anafunsa Philip kuti asiye zimenezo. Christine kudziŵika kuti woyamba sanali kupita nawo phunzirolo. Iye sanali zindikirani kusintha Zimbardo mpaka kufikira iye anapita chapansi m'ndende. Christina hadapidziwa tayu kuti Philip sanamvetse zimene kutulo kafukufuku ace. Iye anavomereza patapita zaka zambiri, view kuti si kwambiri ophunzira chinamupanga iye amafuna wotseka zimenezo, monga momwe anthu zinthu, amene anali kupita kukwatiwa mwamsanga. Christina anazindikira kuti mu ukapolo mphamvu zopanda malire komanso zinthu kunapezeka kuti amene amatsatira. Iwo Zimbardo zofunika koposa zonse chakuti wake "mumalemba". Okonda konse kukangana ngati tsiku limenelo. Christina momveka bwino kuti ngati osachepera tsiku lina kuti apitirizebe kuyesa izi, izo sangathenso kukondana wina anu osankhika. Tsiku lotsatira anasiya Stanford Prison Kuyesera Zimbardo, pozindikira zimene anali osokonezeka.

Mwa njira, Christina m'chaka zomwezi anakwatira Philip. banja anabadwa atsikana 2. Young bambo kwenikweni anachita chidwi maphunziro. Philip anagwira mutu wa nkhani, kutali ndi kuyesera m'ndende: mmene kulera ana, kuti iwo sachita manyazi. Wasayansi zachitika njira m'zonse kuthana manyazi kwambiri ndi mwana, ndi wotchuka padziko lonse.

Mwankhanza koposa "woyang'anira"

The aakulu "woyang'anira" anali Dave Eshelman, amene anakhala mwini wake wa bizinesi kubweza mu Saragote. Anakumbukira kuti kungoyang'ana kwa gawo nthawi ya chilimwe, ndipo anakhala nawo Stanford Prison Kuyesera mu 1971 Dave anapanga dongosolo kwagona kuti m'pofunika kupanga "kanthu" kuonetsetsa kuti akatswiri akhoza kulemba nkhani. Choncho Eshelman bwino amakhala akhakula, kuyesera kupanga zosangalatsa Stanford Prison Kuyesera mu 1971. Reincarnate sikunali kovuta chifukwa iye anaphunzira ku sewero sukulu ndipo anali kwambiri zinthu zinachitikira. Dave Amanena kuti akhoza kunena, unachitikira likufanana ndi zimenezo. Eshelman amafuna kudziwa momwe izo amaloledwa musanagulitse anaganiza kuti asiye kuphunzira. Komabe, si anaima chiwawa.

Ndemangayi John Mark

Wina "woyang'anira", Dzhon Mark, amene anaphunzira Anthropology pa Stanford, ali ndi maganizo osiyana pang'ono pa Stanford Prison Kuyesera. Mawuwo Iye anabwera, chidwi kwambiri. Anafuna kukhala "akaidi", koma anachita "woyang'anira." Yohane ananena kuti kanthu mu woyimba masana sizinkachitika Komabe, Zimbardo anali akulimbana ndi vuto kusagwirizana. Pambuyo "alonda" anayamba kudzuka "akaidi" pa usiku, iwo ankaganiza kuti izi zinali kupitirira wotumbululuka lapansi. Mark yekha sanali kudzuka ndi kufuna manambala kuitana kwawo. John anati iye sanali ndikuganiza Stanford kuyesera Zimbardo chinachake lalikulu, zokhudzana ndi zinthu zenizeni. Kwa iye, kuchita nawo iwo anali osaposa stints. Pambuyo zimenezo, John ankagwira ntchito zachipatala kampani cryptographer.

Malinga ndi Richard Jaakko

Richard Yakko anali kupita monga mkaidi. Pambuyo nawo zimenezo, anagwira TV ndi mawailesi, kuphunzira pa sukulu ya sekondale. Ife kufotokoza maganizo ake pa Stanford Prison Kuyesera. Analysis mbali ake izo ndi chidwi kwambiri. Richard ananena kuti chinthu choyamba chimene anagogoda naye, anali kuti "akaidi" chindiletsa tulo. Pamene adzuka nthawi yoyamba, Richard sanadziwe kuti wakhala 4:00. Akaidi amakakamizidwa kuti achite Zochita, ndipo kenako kupita. Ndiyeno yekha Jaakko anazindikira kuti Choncho ankaganiza kusokoneza zachilengedwe kugona mkombero.

Richard anati sakumbukiranso chimodzimodzi pamene "akaidi" anayamba kupanduka. Iye anakana kugonjera bwana, kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha izo zikhoza kunditumiza ku chipinda chayekha. Umodzi "akaidi" chifukwa lokha m'njira inayake kulimbana ndi kusokoneza ntchito ya "alonda".

Pamene Richard anafunsa chimene chiyenera kuchitidwa kwa iye asanakalambe anamasulidwa ofufuza anati, moti anavomera kutenga mbali, chotero mpaka pamapeto. Zinali ndiye kuti Richard ankaganiza kuti iye anali mu ndende.

Komabe, komabe anamasulidwa tsiku lisanathe phunzirolo. Commission pa Stanford Prison Kuyesera ankaona kuti Richard anali pafupi kulephera. Yekha monga iye ankaona kuti sanali maganizo.

chiyero zimenezo, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira

Onani kuti anthu okhudzidwa mu Stanford Prison Kuyesera, maganizo anatsala osokoneza. Dually ndi mtima kuti Zimbardo ndi Cristina kupeza heroine ndi Mpulumutsi. Komabe, iye yekha zedi sanachite wapadera - anathandiza handpicked lake ndekha kuchokera kunja.

Zotsatira experimental anali kenako ntchito kusonyeza kudzichepetsa ndi kulandira anthu pamene pali imayendetsedwa ndi boma ndi anthu kulungamitsa mfundo. Komanso, amatumikira monga fanizo mfundo ziwiri: zotsatira za maboma ndi dissonance chidziwitso.

Kotero, ife ndinakuuzani inu za Stanford Prison Kuyesera Professor Zimbardo. ntchito yanu - kusankha mmene tiyenera kuchitira izo. Pomaliza, kuwonjezera kuti ndi zochokera Mario Giordano, Olemba Italy, mu 1999, analenga nkhani wotchedwa "Black Box". ntchito imeneyi inatha pambuyo dramatized mafilimu awiri. Mu 2001, iye anawomberedwa "kuyesera," German film, ndi mu 2010 anaonekera dzina lomweli American filimu.