"Soyuz" roketi. Launch roketi "Soyuz"

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Roketi "Soyuz" zinakhazikitsa spacecraft unayambitsidwa 04/23/1968 anali piloted ndi woyendetsa-cosmonaut ake Vladimir Komarov. Mu ndege lonse limatchula zolakwa zambiri mu dongosolo la. A tsiku pambuyo kukhazikitsidwa kwa chombo anakana kupulumutsa dongosolo pamene akuthamanga unit ku kanjira. M'chombo ndi wokayenda pamwezi mkati pansi. Woterowo zinachitika zomvetsa chisoni anayamba njira ya spacecraft ndi, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa danga yaitali kochepa. Nkhani ikufotokozanso za chonyamulira roketi "Soyuz".

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

"Union" ndi atatu gawo Launch galimoto (lv). Bukuli linapangidwa kuthamanga pa Dziko Lapansi kanjira spacecraft zinakhazikitsa "Soyuz", mayunitsi yodzichitira "Space".

The ndondomeko ya kulenga 20.05.1954, anasankha kukhala ndi intercontinental ballistic chida. Atsogoleri a citukuko anali D. I. Kozlov ndi S. P. Korolev. Pachokera roketi latsopano anali "Kutuluka dzuwa" ndi "R-7a". Yomanga inayamba mu 1953.

Pakuti chiyesedwe cha makhalidwe onse a pomanga malo mayeso inayamba mu 1955. Anaganiza kulenga mu Kazakhstan pa sitima Bakuman-Tam. Masiku ano amadziwika onse a Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Pokhapokha chilengedwe bwino lv "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP Korolev anayamba chitukuko cha malangizo atsopano a kufufuza malo. Iye anayamba osauka zinakhazikitsa spacecraft (SC) ndi gawo yozungulira pa bolodi. Kuthamanga PC anali Roketi "Soyuz".

Tidawalenga pamaziko a RN ake "Kutuluka dzuwa". A wamakono kwambiri ankavutika ndi chipika cha gawo lachitatu. N'zotheka kuonjezera makhalidwe mphamvu ya chipangizo.

kamangidwe

The roketi "Soyuz" Zikuoneka lili ndi zinthu zapadera mu dongosolo la. Iwo mosavuta anazindikira m'mbali mwa midadada anayi conical mawonekedwe, lili pa gawo loyamba.

Kutalika zimatengera mtundu wa PC, koma musalumphe chithunzi cha mamita 50,67. Kuyambira misa ayenera kukhala matani zosakwana 308 ndi kulemera okwana mafuta m'menemo 274 matani.

mbali chigawo:

• Mlingo 1 tichipeza boosters anayi;
• 2 - Izi wagawo chapakati "A";
• 3 - chipika "B";
• mwadzidzidzi kupulumutsidwa dongosolo;
• payload adaputala;
• nosecone.

Space roketi "Union" akhoza kukhazikitsa katundu wolemera matani 7.1.

mafuta

Mu masiteji atatu onse roketi ntchito mafuta chomwecho. Iwo mutuluka ndege palafini T-1. Nthumwi oxidizing ndi madzi oxygen. Si poizoni, koma ngozi mkulu moto ndi zachiwawa.

Ntchito kachitidwe wothandiza ankakolezera zida zazing'ono kuchuluka kwa asafe, ndi wa hydrogen peroxide.

zosintha RN

The roketi "Soyuz" wabereka zosintha inayo:

• "Union-L" - zoti ziyesedwe ndi gawo mwezi. Iwo imalankhula inkachitikira ku Baikonur Cosmodrome mu 1970-1971 gg.
• "Soyuz-M" - imalankhula onse inkachitikira ku Plesetsk Cosmodrome mu 1971-1976 gg. Kwa nthawi yoyamba thandizo anabweretsa chombo mu kanjira, kenako anayamba ankayendetsa razvedsputnikov pachimake "Orion".
• "Soyuz-U" - cholinga kukhazikitsa mu kanjira ndi kuchuluka kwa spacecraft (zinakhazikitsa katundu). Kumasiyana ndi limene apangidwa injini wamphamvu kwambiri 1st ndi masitepe 2. Malinga ndi nthawi masiku ano izo anapanga 770 imalankhula.
• "Soyuz-2" - mtundu wa kusinthidwa kwa W. ntchito amatchedwa "Lazaro".
• "Soyuz-cha ku Switzerland" - anakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a mtundu 2. Imakhala imalankhula malonda ku Kourou.

History imalankhula

Kuyambira 1966 mpaka 1976 zinabala 32 Launch, amene 30 anali bwino. Roketi Choyamba unayambitsidwa 11.28.1966, chifukwa cha zomwe anatengedwa mu kanjira ndi chombo opanda. Mugawo Roketi "Soyuz" imene anapereka photos, anasangalala 14.10.1976 chaka, kusunthira ku sitima zoyendera mu kanjira.

imalankhula zonse zidalengedwa kwa Baikonur. Chifukwa chaichi №1 kukhazikitsa ziyangoyango, №31.

The Launch "Union" zinali zodzaza ndi masoka awiri yoyamba zinachitika 14.12.1966 chaka. mavuto anayamba kukonzekera Launch, pamene mbali wagawo si zinayambitsa pyro. Zida sichitha, ndi roketi anakhalabe ubwenzi. Mpaka mafuta blended, amayamba mwadzidzidzi kupulumutsidwa dongosolo, zomwe nthawi yonseyi wakhala akugwira ntchito ndipo anaonerera chikhalidwe sitimayo. Chifukwa kulolerana a dongosolo anali kunena kuti Earth zasintha ndi kasinthasintha njingayo, ndi izo, iyo m'malo mwa chombo cha. Adalira pa nthawi ino anaima pa phazi la RN lapansi.

Monga mbali ya roketi, ndi zina pansi, anamugwira moto coolant. Zimenezi zinachititsa mabomba wotsatira. Anthu ambiri anakwanitsa kusiya gawo. Iye anafa nthawi yomweyo Korostylev Major, amene anabisa kumbuyo khoma nizitsamwitsa utsi. Pa tsiku lachiwiri, kupha asilikali awiri.

Ngozi chachiwiri chinachitika 04.05.1975 chaka. Pa bolodi anali PC VG Lazarev ndi Ogi Makarov. Iwo anapanga chachiwiri danga ndege. Mavuto anayamba mu kuswana PC mu kanjira, zokha wapanga ndi dipatimenti mwadzidzidzi. Pamene anatengedwa msinkhu wa makilomita 150.

chombo chidafika kumbali ya phiri pafupi ndi mzinda wa Gorno-Altaisk. Iye kugwetsa phiri mbaphata chozizwitsa mtengo umene unakula pa nsonga ya kulumphira a. The chombo anapulumuka zikomo chakuti kuwombera sanapange parachuti. Anasamutsidwa chombo ndi ndege. ndege zawo zinachitika Mphindi 21 masekondi 27.