Russian mafumu. Mbiri ya tsars Russian. Last Russian Tsar

Mawonekedwe mwambo wa boma Russia imatengedwa kuti ndi mafumu. Kamodzi mbali ya dziko chachikulu ichi chinali mbali ya Kievan Yairo: m'mizinda ikuluikulu (Moscow, Vladimir, Novgorod, Smolensk, Ryazan) anali linakhazikitsidwa ndi akalonga, ana a theka-lodziwika bwino Rurik. Choncho, woyamba kulamulira mafumu otchedwa Ruric. Koma iwo anatenga mutu wa akalonga, tsars Russian anaonekera zambiri mtsogolo.

Nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro

Poyamba, Grand Prince onse Russia ankaona wolamulira wa Kiev. akalonga Specific analipira msonkho kwa iye, kumumvera, fielded squads pa nkhondo. Patapita nthawi, inali nthawi ang'onoang'ono (khumi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu) sanali boma limodzi. Koma ndi mpando wachifumu wa Kiev chokha chinali ndi manja kwa aliyense, ngakhale mphamvu ya kale, anataya. Nkhondo ya asilikali Mongol ndi chilengedwe cha Batu Khan wa Golden gulu chinakula pawekha aliyense ukulu: mayiko ena ayamba kutenga mawonekedwe m'dera lawo - Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia. The Russian gawo amakono anali mzinda otchuka a Vladimir ndi Novgorod (zilibe amadwala nkhondo ya wongosamukasamuka).

Mbiri ya tsars Russian

Vladimir Prince Ivan Kalita, ndi thandizo lalikulu Chiuzibeki Khan (amene anagona zabwino), anakumana ndi andale ndi zampingo likulu la Moscow. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani wa Moscow anagwirizana pafupi ndi mzinda wina Russian dziko lawo: Novgorod ndi Pskov Republic linakhala mbali ya dziko wogwirizana. Zinali ndiye panali Russian tsars - koyamba mutuwu anali atavala Ivan Grozny. Ngakhale pali nthano kuti regalia mfumu kukaperekedwa kwa olamulira a dziko kale kwambiri. Akukhulupirira kuti 1 Russian Tsar - ndi Vladimir Monomakh, amene anavekedwa ndi miyambo Byzantine.

Ivan Grozny - mfumu yoyamba Russia

Choncho, choyamba tsars Russian anabwera ndi kubera Ioanna Groznogo (1530-1584). Iye anali mwana wa Basil III ndi Elena Glinsky. Kukhala mkulu wa Moscow m'banda, iye anayamba kuuza kusintha analimbikitsa wodzilamulira mderalo. Komabe, iye anathetsa Wosankhidwa Rada ndipo anayamba kulamulira yekha. ulamuliro wa mfumu anali okhwima kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale opondereza. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Novgorod, mopitirira muyeso Tver, Torzhok ndi Klina, oprichnina, nkhondo protracted zinachititsa kuti mavuto ndiponso ndale. Komanso khama ndi amadza mayiko a ufumu watsopano kukodzedwa malire ake.

The kusintha kwa mpando Russian

Ndi imfa ya mwana Ivana Groznogo - Fedor Choyamba - anaima pa Rurik mafumu. Mpando wachifumu anabadwa Godunov analamulira. Boris Godunov pa moyo wa Fedor Choyamba anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mfumu (mlongo wake Irina Fedorovna anali mkazi wa mfumu) ndipo pafupifupi analamulira dziko. Koma mwana wa Boris - Fedor II analephera kusunga mphamvu manja awo. Iwo anayamba nthawi nkhawa, ndipo dziko kwa kanthawi analamulira Lzhedmitry, Vasiliy Shuysky, Semiboyarshina ndi Assembly kuchigawo. Ndiye analamulira pa mpando wachifumu wa Romanovs.

Great Russian mzera wa mafumu - ndi Romanovs

Yambani latsopano mafumu kuika Mikhail Fedorovich, amene anasankhidwa kuti wachifumu Zemsky Sobor. Izi anamaliza m'masiku a chikudziwika ngati Nthawi ya Mavuto. Nyumba ya Romanovs - ana a mfumu yaikulu, amene analamulira Russia mpaka 1917 ndi kulandidwa kwa ufumu pa dziko.

Ngati Mikhail Fedorovich ku banja wakale Russian wolemekezeka, umene anatenga dzina la Romanovs kuchokera m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Amaona baba wa munthu wina Andrei Ivanovich Mare, amene bambo anabwera Russia kaya Lithuania, kaya ndi Prussia. Akukhulupirira kuti anabwera kuchokera Novgorod. ana asanu Andrew atsala pang'ono anayambitsa seventini mabanja achifumu. A woimira mtundu wa - Anastasia Romanova Zakharyin - anali mkazi wa Ivan IV m'khutu, amene yamasika tsiku mfumu udzayesedwa grandnephew.

Mafumu a Nyumba ya Romanov Russia anasiya Mavuto mu dziko kuposa udachita ulemu ndi anthu wamba. Mikhail Fedorovich pa chisankho mpando wachifumu anali mnyamata wachibwana. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zinamuthandiza kulamulira bayou kwambiri Marita ndi mabishopu, Filaret, kotero Mpingo Orthodox ali kwambiri analimbitsa ake. Ulamuliro wa mfumu yoyamba ya Romanov mafumu amakhala ndi chiyambi cha patsogolo. Ukuoneka nyuzipepala woyamba (opangidwa mwachindunji clerks ake mfumu), kulimbikitsa ubale lonse, mafakitale zimamangidwa ndi ntchito (chitsulo yadothi, ironworks ndi mfuti), akatswiri achilendo zimakhudzidwa. Centralized mphamvu chidzalimba kwa Russia kujowina magawo atsopano. Mkazi anapereka Mikhail Fedorovich ana khumi, amene anatengera wachifumu.

Mafumu ndi mafumu. Petr Veliky

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Peter Wamkulu kusandulika ufumu wake mu ufumu. Choncho, mbiri ya maina onse a mafumu Russian amene analamulira pambuyo pake kale ntchito ndi mutu wa mfumu.

Great wokonzanso ndi wandale wotchuka, iye anachitira zambiri kutukuka kwa Russia. The Board anayamba kulimbana aukali mpando wachifumuwo: atate wake, Alexis, anali ndi ana ochuluka kwambiri. Poyamba iye ankalamulira limodzi ndi mchimwene wake Ivan ndi regent Mfumukazi Sophia, koma asapita ndiribe kusanduka. Kuthetsa pretenders ena mfumuyo, Peter anayamba kulamulira boma yekha. Iye ndiye anayambitsa nkhondo kupereka Russia mwayi kunyanja, anamanga zombo choyamba, reorganized asilikali, Zăluceni akatswiri yachilendo. Ngati kwambiri tsars Russian anali kupeleka chidwi chokwanira ndi maphunziro a anthu ake, Mfumu Peter Ineyo pandekha anatumiza olemekezeka ophunzitsidwa kunja mwankhanza kupondereza anthu otsutsa. dziko lake, iye reworked pa chitsanzo European, chifukwa ankayenda kwambiri ndipo anaona kuti anthu kumeneko.

Nikolai Romanov - mfumu yomaliza

Otsiriza Russian Mfumu Nicholas II anali. Iye analandira ndi maphunziro abwino ndipo analeredwa okhwima kwambiri. atate wake - Alexander III - ankafuna kwa ana ake ankayembekezera osati kumvera kwambiri, maganizo, chikhulupiriro cholimba mwa Mulungu, kufuna ntchito, makamaka atopa ndi kudzudzula ana wina ndi mnzake. wolamulira wam'tsogolo anatumikira mu Preobrazhensky Regiment, motero ankadziwa bwino zimene asilikali ndiponso zochita nkhondo. Mu ulamuliro wake, dziko amagwira akutukuka: chuma, mafakitale ulimi nditafika pachimake pa chitukuko ake. Mfumu yomaliza Russia anatenga nawo mbali m'ndale lonse, anachititsa kukonza dziko, kuchepetsa mawu a usilikali. Komanso imachitika mwini nkhondo kampeni ake.

Kugwa kwa ufumu mu Russia. Kukwera October

Mu February 1917, zipolowe kunabuka Russia, makamaka likulu. Dziko pa nthawi imeneyo nawo First World nkhondo. Pofuna kuletsa kutsutsana kunyumba, mfumu, anali kutsogolo, antchito mokomera mwana wakhanda, ndi masiku angapo Anachitanso chimodzimodzi m'malo mwa Tsarevich Alexei, sanawakhulupirire kulamulira m'bale wake. Koma Grand Duke Michael anakana ulemu wotero: kale wosweka opandukawo Bolsheviks. Atabwerera mfumu yomaliza ya Russia, ndinamangidwa pamodzi ndi banja lake komanso ku ukapolo. Usiku wa pa 17 July 18 wa mfumu chomwecho mu 1917 ndi dzina la mtumiki, amene sanafune kusiya mafumu awo, iye anawomberedwa. Komanso, mamembala onse a Romanov mafumu zinawonongedwa amene anatsalira ku dziko. Ena anatha kusamuka kwa Britain, France, America ndi ana awo amakhala komweko.

Kodi pali chitsitsimutso cha ufumu mu Russia

Utatha wa Soviet Union, anthu ambiri anayamba kulankhula za chitsitsimutso cha ufumu mu Russia. Pa malo a chilango cha banja lachifumu - kumene pamaso panali nyumba Ipatiev mu Ekaterinburg (mu chapansi pa nyumbayi inali yoyendera adafa) anamanga kachisi kukumbukira osalakwa. Mu August 2000, Bungwe la Aepiskopi a Mpingo Orthodox Russian ali pachikhalidwe oyera onse, n'kuika tsiku chikumbukiro chawo wachinayi wa July. Koma okhulupirira ambiri samagwirizana: abdication zaufulu ndi tchimo, monga ufumu wa ansembe kuwadalitsa.

Mu 2005, ana a autocrats Russian unachitikira ku Madrid malangizo. Kenako anatumiza kwa Loya General la Chitaganya cha Russia, ayenera kukonza nyumba ya Romanov. Komabe, iwo anazindikira pamene anazunzidwa pa ndale chifukwa chosowa deta boma. Ndi mulandu chigawenga, osati ndale. Koma akuluakulu a Russian Imperial House sanagwirizane ndi zimenezi ndipo apitiriza kusangalala ndi chigamulo chimenechi, akuyembekeza kubwezeretsedwa kwa chilungamo m'mbiri.

Koma ngati ufumu wa Russia ano ayenera - inayake anthu. History adzaika chirichonse mu malo ake. Padakali pano, anthu ayamba kumulemekeza chikumbukiro mwankhanza anaphedwa pa Red Mantha a ku banja lachifumu ndi kuchita mapemphero miyoyo yawo.