Russia a deta GDP: mphamvu ndi kapangidwe

chuma Russia ndi wosanganiza: madera njira wokwatibwa ndi boma. Mu 90 ntchentche anali msika zochokera kusintha zinachititsa m'mafakitale ambiri privatized. Komabe, mu manja a boma anali gawo mphamvu ndi makampani a chitetezo. Ngati tikulingalira GDP la Russia kwa zaka, mwina kudziŵika kuti dziko ali gulu la "pafupifupi pamwamba". Komanso, dziko lili ndi pafupifupi 30% ya chuma dziko achibadwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero Bank World, phindu okwana uposa zankhaninkhani, 75 madola US. A chiwerengero chachikulu cha GDP Russia ndi nkhani revenues ku malonda a mphamvu: mafuta ndiponso gasi.

mwachidule

Utatha wa USSR, onse tsopano Soviet Union anayamba kumanganso ndalama zake, kuphatikizapo Russia. Komabe, zofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala mmanja mwa boma, ndipo pali kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wa chuma payekha anali asanakhale pa mlingo woyenera. Boma la Russia amakhudza kwambiri pa chuma. Today Russia ndi katundu kutsogolera mafuta ndiponso gasi, komanso ndi amagulitsa zitsulo monga zitsulo ndi zotayidwa. Choncho, dziko amadalira kwambiri pa mitengo chakudya dziko.

zizindikiro Ofunika

Gross m'banja mankhwala (2017): mwadzina - thililiyoni 1,56 madola US pa kugula mphamvu parity - 3,94. Avereji ya kukula GDP ku Russia zaka kuyambira mu 1996 mpaka 2016-TH - 3,08%. The ngongole kunja kwa dzikolo, m'mwezi wa December 2015, ndi biliyoni 538 madola US, nkhokwe za golide August 2016 - 396.4. The gawo mwamwayi cha chuma, malinga ndi ziwerengero boma pafupifupi 15% ya GDP. More za 7% si chifukwa kukhalapo ziphuphu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero World Bank, limapeza mankhwala zoweta ndi nthawi theka yaitali chifukwa kukhalapo kwa chuma mthunzi.

Mphamvu ya GDP Russian

The aakulu m'banja mankhwala a Russian Federation lero akuimira 2,15% ya dziko. Poganizira GDP Russia pa zaka kuyambira ufulu, angathe kukumbukira kuti pafupifupi, ndi biliyoni 877,38 madola US. osachepera ake analembedwa mu 1999, pazipita - mu 2013. Avereji aakulu m'banja mankhwala pa kugula mphamvu parity kwa nthawi anakwana biliyoni 8621,41.

Mu 2014, ndi mavuto chifukwa kugwa mitengo mafuta, ziletso Western ndi outflow wotsatira likulu ku Russia. Growth anali 0,6%. Mu 2015, GDP kudwala ndi 3,7%. Ankayenera mu 2016 kukuchititsa zimenezi adzapitiriza. Komabe, kuwonjezeka anali 0,3%. Malinga ndi Zoneneratu wa World Bank ndi IMF, mu 2017 lalikulu mankhwala zoweta upitirirabe kufala. Ngati mitengo mafuta pa US $ 40 pa mbiya, tingayembekezere kuti akaphedwe ndi oposa 5%.

Wosiyana kufalitsa ndalama

Mu 2015, chuma cha Russian ndi chimodzi mwa kugula mphamvu parity ndi akhumi - pamlingo kuwombola msika. Ngati tikambirana GDP Russia ndi chaka (mu 2000-2012), mwina kudziŵika kuti mulingo wa moyo wakhala kuchuluka chifukwa cha katundu wa mphamvu. Nthawi imeneyi, kwenikweni disposable ndalama chinakwera ndi 160%, ndi dola - maulendo 7. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, mlingo wa ulova ndi umphawi zidagwa pafupifupi theka, ndi Russia 'moyo wokhutira mphambu kuchuluka kwambiri. kukula kwambiri kwachitika motsutsana ndi mkhalidwe wa Boom chofunika, kukwera mtengo kwa mafuta, wamphamvu zachuma ndi zachuma ndondomeko. Komabe, ndalama pakati pa nzika za dziko si wogawana kugawa. Akuti 110 Russia olemera eni 35% ya chuma zonse ndalama. State chosalanga mderali kwachititsa chakuti Russia ndi wachiwiri kukula bongo ndalama outflows. Akuti nthawi kuchokera 2002 kuti 2011, izo anataya US $ biliyoni 880.

Tsopano, malipiro mwadzina anagwa pansipa $ 450 pamwezi. Pafupifupi miliyoni 19,2 Russia moyo osauka. Mu 2015, panali 16% zochepa. Revenues ali omangidwa anagawira mawu lawolawo. Moscow limatchedwa mzinda wa billionaire lapansi. Lochitira kapepala ndalama kukuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa makhalidwe oipa ndipo chofowoka cha njira zolimbana. Transparency International Russia sited pa mipando 131 ya 176 mu 2016.

Boma la chuma

Ngati tikambirana GDP Russia mu zaka 10, mwina kudziŵika kuti matabwa ake sanasinthe kwambiri. Pakali pano, ulimi chimachititsa za 5%, pa makampani - oposa 30%, nchito utumiki - 60%. Chiwerengero cha anthu zachuma yogwira ndi anthu miliyoni 76,9. Anthu ntchito pa ulimi 9%, makampani - 28%, misonkhano - 63%. Mlingo ulova anali 5.3% mu 2016.

gawo kunja

Voliyumu ya wolowa Russian monga 2016, ndi biliyoni 251 madola US. Kuyambira zimatengera kwambiri pa mphamvu ya GDP Russia. Lina zimagulitsidwa uphungu monga mafuta ndi malonda izo, zitsulo, matabwa, mankhwala. Russia naye chachikulu kwa Netherlands ndi zimagulitsidwa. Iwo chifukwa cha 11,9% ya chonse pamodzi. Mu malo lachiwiri ndi China ndi 8.3%, wachitatu - Germany ndi 7.4%. Mwa zibwenzi katundu wa Russia ndi mayiko monga Italy, Turkey, Belarus, Japan. Voliyumu ya imports Russian ngati 2016, ndi biliyoni 172 madola US. Choncho, muyezo malonda ndi zabwino. Zochokera mu Russian katundu, makina, magalimoto, mankhwala mankhwala, mapulasitiki, zitsulo kukonzedwa, nyama, zipatso ndi mtedza, zida kuwala ndi mankhwala, chitsulo ndi zitsulo. matanthauzo ikuchitika m'mayiko monga China, Germany, USA, Russia, Italy. ndalama zakunja mwachindunji ku Russia mu 2015 analipo madola US biliyoni 361.