Primrose munda wosatha: kubzala, kusamala, chithunzi

Mmodzi mwa maluwa okongola odabwitsa kwambiri, omwe akufalikira m'minda yathu ya maluwa, ndiwo malo osungira munda osatha. Icho chimatchedwanso fungulo la kasupe, lomwe limatsegula tsiku labwino, kapena primrose. Pomwe izo zinkaonedwa ngati zapamwamba kwambiri kukhala ndi primrose m'munda wake wamaluwa. Tsopano m'mayiko ena, duwa ili silikukondedwa, limapembedzedwa, limapanga zisudzo, limakhala ndi zikondwerero, ndipo limapanga magulu. Ku Russia, malo osungira munda osatha amakhalanso otchuka, koma si onse omwe amatha kubereka. Chifukwa cha izi - mbali zina za kubalana ndi kulima. Tidzakudziwitsani zinsinsi zonse za maluŵa apaderawa ndikukufotokozerani za malamulo oyang'anira pa nyengo ya chilimwe, chilimwe ndi yophukira.

Mafotokozedwe a zamoyo

Kuti tiyambe, tidzatha kupeza chomwe chimapanga. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, chiwerengero cha 600, ndipo mpaka pano botanist imatsegula zatsopano. Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi mbali zake zokha. Kawirikawiri, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti mizu yambiri imakhala yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imachokera ku mizu yochepa. Masamba amapanga kanyumba kokongola kwambiri. Kunja, mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iwo amatha kusiyana kwambiri. Choncho, pali primroses, yomwe masamba amawotchedwa, ofewa, makwinya, mitsempha, ofewa kapena, mosiyana, owuma ndi owuma. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi masamba, ndipo ena ali ndi masamba a petiolate; Ena ali oval, ena lanceolate kapena ovate. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli ndi maluwa. Iwo ali osakwatiwa kapena osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescences - umbellate, globular, pyramidal, yaitali ndi ena. Mtundu wa pamphunowo ndi wosiyana kwambiri - kuchokera ku zoyera kupita ku mdima wofiirira, ndipo pali primroses, yomwe maluwa ali ndi malo osiyana kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha kukula

Primrose munda wosatha unabwera kuminda yathu ya maluwa yomwe ili ndi mapiri ndi madera. Mungathe kukumana ndi achibale ake m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pafupi ndi mitsinje, kumene kuli mthunzi ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Maiko a kugawidwa kwake ndi okwanira mokwanira. Nkhalangoyi ikukula pafupifupi ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo Russia, ku America, ku Africa, ku Himalaya, ku Asia, pachilumba cha Java, ku Iran, China, Caucasus, ndi Turkey. Amathandizidwa ndi tizilombo kapena popanda iwo, ndipo maluwawo amakonzedwa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofanana ndi yofanana ichitike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zizikhala bwino komanso kuti maonekedwe a hybrids aoneke.

Kubalana ndi mbewu

Primrose osatha munda amatha kubzala vegetatively ndi mbewu. Amapserera m'mabokosi ovunda kapena globular. Tsopano m'masitolo mungathe kugula mwaulere mbeu zambewu zina za zomera kapena zosakaniza. Alimi ambiri amadabwa chifukwa chomwe mbewuzo zimagula ndizoipa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala kuti palibe mbande imodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti phulusa ndi munda wosatha - mbewu yomwe mbewu zake mwamsanga zimataya kumera. Choncho, pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, amafesedwa mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, osati m'mabedi a m'munda, koma mabokosi omwe ali ndi nthaka yokonzedwa. Ngati zotsatira zake ndi zabwino, mbewu yambewu imamera m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu.

Mbeu zogula zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kwinakwake pakati pa February. Nthaka imakonzedwa pasadakhale, kusakaniza masamba padziko lapansi, mchenga, kuzungulira pansi pa chiwerengero cha 2: 1: 1. Alimi ena amawonjezera vermiculite. Nthaka yokonzedweratu ili mkati mwa bokosi, mbewu zimayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi (zosapitirira 4-5 zidutswa pa masentimita ² ), kupanikizidwa, kuikidwa mu thumba la polyethylene ndi kuikidwa mufiriji. Inde, inde, anali mufiriji, osati mufiriji basi. M'madera ena, bokosi lomwe liri ndi mbewu lingatengedwere ku msewu, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti kutentha kwapakati kumayenera kusungidwa mkati -10 ºC. Patapita mwezi umodzi, bokosi lina m'thumba limalowetsedwa m'nyumba ndikuyika pawindo lawindo, lomwe silitenge dzuwa. Mbewu zikachepa pang'ono ndi chisanu, nthaka imakhala yothira pang'ono komanso yosungidwa m'madera oterewa nthawi yonse ya kumera. Izi zingatenge masabata 2-3. Mphukira yoyamba ikawoneka, mulu umatsegulidwa, ndipo pakapita kanthawi iwo achotsedwa kwathunthu. Kukula sproutsnuvshiesya zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Zofunika! Si mitundu yonse ya munda primroses yomwe imayenera kuikidwiratu mufiriji.

Kubzala kumamera pabedi la maluwa

Zonsezi - kuyambira panthawi yolima mbewu kubzala mbewu pamalo otseguka - zikhonza kukhala zaka ziwiri, pomwe mphukira imauluka mobwerezabwereza. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pamene zikukula, kotero kuti palibe mphamvu yowonjezera. Kusamutsidwa kwa primroses kuchokera ku bokosi mpaka ku bedi la maluwa kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Malowa amasankhidwa mumthunzi woonda, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa korona ya mitengo ndi zitsamba. Pa malo otsegula dzuwa, Alpine primroses okha akukula. Bzalani zomera pamtunda wa 10-15 cm (ang'onoang'ono mitundu) kapena 20-30 masentimita (lalikulu). Zokonda za nthaka mu primroses ndizitali. Zimakula bwino pa fertile chernozem, pa loams, pa lotayirira magawo ndi dongo dothi, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ayenera kupatsidwa chinyezi chokwanira. Ngati malo omwe amasankhidwa kuti ayambe kusamba madzi, madzi akuyenera kuchitidwa. Dothi lolemera kwambiri lingagwiritsiridwenso ntchito kulima mapiritsi a m'munda, koma pakali pano, yikani ufa wophika, mwachitsanzo vermiculite, mchenga (kufika pa chidebe 1 pa 1 m ² ), manyowa kapena odulidwa.

Kubereka Kukwanira

Chifukwa cha zovuta za kukula kwa mbeu zakulima za mbeu, ndi bwino kuzichulukitsa pogawanitsa chitsamba. Pankhani iyi, florists amalandira zomera zatsopano zomwe zimamera mu chaka choyamba chodzala. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kusiyana kwa chitsamba n'kofunikira kuti kubwezeretsedwe kwa mankhwala osatha osatha, chifukwa ali ndi malo a zaka 4-5 kuti azikula bwino ndikulephera kutulutsa maluwa. Ndibwino kuyamba kuyambanso tchire kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Kuti tichite izi, phulusa limasulidwa, mizu imatsukidwa pansi, ndipo chomera chimadulidwa kuti impso zatsopano zisungidwe pa chidutswa chilichonse. Ndi zofunika kuwaza ndi mpweya wokonzedwa. Kubzala kwa primrose mutatha kugawanika kumachitika malinga ndi malamulo omwe ali nawo, ndi mtunda woyenera pakati pa zomera, ndi chipangizo cha madzi ndi kuwonjezera ufa wophika pa nthaka yolemera. Pambuyo poika piritsi mu dzenje ndikuzaza ndi nthaka, primrose iyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka.

Kubalidwa ndi mphukira ya axillary

Njira imeneyi imapangidwira ngati primrose yakale ilibe mizu yamphamvu kwambiri, kapena pali rosette imodzi yokha yomwe singathe kudulidwa mu zidutswa. Nthanga yamtengo wapatali, kuti ikule chitsamba chatsopano kuchokera mmenemo, iyenera kupatulidwa ndi gawo la mphukira ndi impso. Ikani chidutswa choterocho cha chomera mu bokosi ndi nthaka, kusungunula ndi kuyika pawindo lowala, kumene dzuwa silinalowe. Pamene masamba ochepa amachokera ku impso, mphukira yamaluwa imatha kuikidwa mu mphika wopapatiza, koma ukhoza kuiyika mu bokosi, ndipo kumapeto mungathe kuyiyika pabedi.

Malangizo osamalira

Mmera wamkulu (primula), mosiyana ndi mphukira zazing'ono, sizingatheke konse. Chinthu chachikulu chimene iye amafunikira pamoyo ndi chinyezi komanso kupalira. Amakonda zinyama zobiriwira ndi kumasula, zomwe ndi zofunika kuchitidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Kuti maluwa aphulika ndi okongola komanso okongola, amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza. Ndi bwino kuchita izi masiku onse 7-10. Koma sikuli koyenera kutenga nawo gawo mu feteleza a nitrojeni, omwe amathandiza kukula masamba obiriwira, osati maluwa. Zimazizira masamba ndi masamba, ndipo pamapeto amachotsedwa kuti akule atsopano. Kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mabala a primroses amafunika ndi lapnik kapena udzu, ndipo nyengo yopanda chisanu, sizingafunike. Mu kasupe nkofunika kuti tchire la primrose tisaphimbe chipale chofewa. Ngati izi zikuchitika, izo zachotsedwa.

Tizilombo

Primrose osatha munda monga osati florists okha, komanso ambiri tizirombo. Chomeracho chimakhudzidwa ndi mizu ndi tsinde lovunda, jaundice, dzimbiri, anthracnose, mabakiteriya spotting, powdery mildew, nkhaka zojambula, nematodes, nthata zamatsenga, nsabwe za m'masamba, zitsamba zamatsenga, utitiri, slugs. Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tifunika kuchotsa masamba omwe athandizidwa, ndi kuchiza chomeracho ndi kukonzekera koyenera. M'dzinja ndi zofunika kuchitira primrose poletsa "Nitrofen" pokonzekera 1% yankho. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (slugs, weevils ndi ena) amasonkhanitsidwa ndi manja, kenako amasinthidwa primrose "Aktelikom", "Raptor" kapena tizilombo tina.

Primrose primrose

Anthu omwe alibe munda amatha kukula ndi nyumba. Kuti mumusamalire, pali malingaliro ambiri, nthawizina mosiyana. Izi zimagwira, mwachitsanzo, kuti zinyontho kapena kudyetsa. Ena amalangiza kuthira mchere kwambiri, ngakhale kuyika mphika nawo pamchenga wouma, ena, m'malo mwake, amalimbikitsa kukhala ndi madzi okwanira kwambiri. Ena amatsimikiza kuti ndikofunika kudyetsa primrose primrose sabata iliyonse, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti ndikwanira kuchita izi kawiri pachaka. Koma pali malamulo ambiri.

1. Kukula kwa mphika, zomwe zimakhala bwino ndi kunyumba primrose. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa ndondomeko yoyenera, ndiko kuti, mphika uyenera kukhala wochepa kwambiri monga gawo la nthaka.

2. Kuwala. Ziyenera kukhala zokwanira, koma popanda dzuwa.

3. Kutentha kwa sing'anga. Primrose sakonda kutentha. Ndibwino kwambiri pamene kutentha kwapakati sikudutsa +20 ^о С, ndipo ngakhale bwino - kumakhala mkati mwa malire a +13 ... +15 ^о С.

4. Thirani. Chaka ndi chaka nyumba primrose iyenera kuikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano (nkotheka popanda kuika mphika), komanso kugawa tchire.

5. Chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira. Ndizofunika kuika primrose primroses m'chilimwe pabedi la maluwa ndi mthunzi, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe kubwereranso m'nyumba. Ngati palibe zotheka, muyenera kutenga miphika ndi phulusa.

Ngati malangizidwewa akutsatiridwa, chomeracho chidzasangalalira kufalikira kawiri pachaka.