Population ndi dera Bashkiria. Republic of Bashkortostan: likulu, purezidenti, chuma, chikhalidwe

Alendo ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana amabwera ku Republic, kuphunzira chikhalidwe chake ndi kusangalala ndi zinthu lapansi. Area Bashkiria lalikulu ndi osiyanasiyana ndi zachilendo chikhalidwe. Ngati inu munayamba ankafuna kupita kumeneko - onetsetsani kuti izo.

nkhani

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mabwalo ndi anthu ake omwe amatchulidwa zipangizo olembedwa kwa zaka za m'ma 10. Ambiri mapiri a Bashkiria munali kukhala anthu gawo limodzi mwa anthu ameneŵa, pamene ena ankakhala steppes chilengedwe. ntchito yawo yaikulu - kusaka nyama husbandry ndi nsomba.

Mu 12-14 zaka TH, ndi Bashkirs anali opsyinjika ndi Chitata Mongolia, chiguluchi pambuyo kugwa kuli kwambiri wa mtunduwo unali pangozi - anthu anali wachisoni, unagawanika. Mu 1557, anaganiza kuti mwina n'kulolera boma Russian. Pang'onopang'ono, m'dera liyamba asezare Bashkortostan. forts angapo unakhazikitsidwa kuteteza kuukira mdani. Am'deralo ayamba Russian zinachitikira ulimi. M'zaka za m'ma 18 chinasanduka likulu la makampani Yuzhnyy Ural migodi.

Bashkirs anatenga mbali Alimi 'nkhondo. kumuwombera awo natsogozedwa ndi ndakatulo ndi luso asilikali mtsogoleri Salavat Yulaev, atengedwa ukaidi ndi boma ndi ku ukapolo pambuyo kugonjetsedwa ndi. Kenako, iye anakhala wopambana dziko.

Ndi kubwera kwa Soviet Union anapanga ndi mabwalo a yoyenda yokha. Mu 1992, mogwirizana ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union ndi kusintha kwa boma, izo anadzatchedwa. Wokongola m'dziko lotchedwa Republic of Bashkortostan. Ndi kotero ife tikudziwa izo lero. Kuti "zaka angati Bashkortostan?" Kodi wovuta kuyankha mosapita m'mbali. Ngati dera osiyana Republic anakhazikitsidwa zaka zoposa 700 zapitazo. Koma tsiku lake lobadwa kuchokera m'ma 15 - zinali ndiye kuti anali linalanda ndi Russia.

m'dera Bashkiria

The Republic ili kum'mwera kwa mapiri a Ural, kumayambiriro kwa Ulaya ndi Asia. Kubwalo Perm, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg dera. Kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo pafupi Tatarstan ndi Udmurtia, motero. Malo enieni a Bashkiria - 143 a 600 zikwi makilomita lalikulu (ichi ndi 0,8% ya m'dziko okwana Russia).

Likulu la Republic mzinda wa Ufa. Beloretsk, Ishimbai, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Salavat, Sibai, Sterlitamak - mzinda waukulu, chomwe chili Bashkiria. The chinenero chimene kulankhula anthu ake - Russian. Iwo amalankhula Bashkir kwawo, ndi m'madera ena anthu ali bwino Chitata. Chiwerengero cha dziko (monga 2010 kalembera) - Anthu 1.172.287. Pali kuzungulira 2 miliyoni Bashkirs.

Nyengo

Republic nyengo - chokhala. Weather mu Bashkiria zimasintha, nthawi sizimadziwika. Low mapiri samaletsa malowedwe a misa Siberia mpweya.

Chilimwe ansangala mu dziko. Kutentha mu steppe Piedmont Ural zone limatuluka digiri 40. pafupifupi July kutentha kusungidwa pa malo a 16 20 ° C. chiwerengero cha masiku dzuwa mu likulu - m'chigawo cha 260. Yozizira mu Bashkiria kwambiri ndithu. Wachisoni kutentha ndi pafupi madigiri 15, koma nthawi zina thermometer akutsikira -40 ° C. Steppes mikuntho mmene kuwomba chipale chofewa ku okwera malo Urals zigwa. Chipale limapezeka September zimatha mpaka April. Weather mu Bashkiria zimadalira mphepo, pafupifupi ali liwiro pamwamba mamita 3,4-5,2 pa mphindi.

chikhalidwe

Ambiri mwa malo kubwera ku dziko kusangalala chikhalidwe ake osiyanasiyana. Ulendo Bashkiria, onetsetsani kuti kunja nkhalango coniferous ndi deciduous. Monyadira ndi majestically ili mu mitengo wolimba, kuwala laimu, platanoides mapulo, lakuthwa Oil. m'dera wolemera zomera yowoneka ndi osiyanasiyana zomera - nyama ankaikira nayonso, akukhala mu nkhalango izi. Mbewa, jays, yoongoka ndi hedgehogs - zochepa chabe mwa nyama kuti angathe kugwira maso alendo.

The nkhalango-steppe Bashkiria wolemera nkhandwe, afisi ndi hares, nthawi zina mukhoza kukumana gwape. Pa malo ambiri lotseguka anthu makoswe tchire. Near nyanja inatha gulls ndi abakha. Steppe mtunda ndi mitengo ochepa, zomera ang'ono, kukula mbewu monga chimanga - ovsets ndi nthenga. Wa am'deralo - agologolo pansi, mbewa yoyenda modumpha. mbalame zambiri za nyama - mphungu, mphungu, kites. Nthawi zambiri Tingaone zikuuluka mu mlengalenga kapena atakhala pa malo otsetsereka - kotero iwo akuona ndi kuyang'ana kunja nyama. Zauralye steppe nyanja ndi lokhala ndi mbalame, ndi pafupi mitsinje mukhoza kukumana okhala nkhalango oyandikana.

mapiri a Bashkiria

The kukopa waukulu Bashkortostan - ndi mapiri ake zazikulu. Nawa phiri lalikulu la Urals Kumwera - kuwuka kwa mfundo ziwiri Yamantau imene mitsinje yambiri ikuyenda pansi. phiri lina otchuka - wopatulika Iremal, akukwera mpaka m'ma 19, ali koletsedwa kutero. Mountain Premel - mayi a mitsinje awiri, kusamba mu sipangakhalenso mlandu ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa chaka wautali.

Pali nthano za maonekedwe a mapiri Jurack matchalitchi anayamba, Kusaya n'kumuika-matchalitchi anayamba, Shakh-matchalitchi anayamba ndi Tra-matchalitchi anayamba. Akukhulupirira kuti zaka zambiri zapitazo lotayirira pamahatchi Ghaxaq anali mu chikondi ndi mwana wamkazi wa zaka Ural, Agidel kukongola. Iye anayesera kuti zikope tcheru cha atsikana, koma maganizo ake sanali mangawawo. Anakhala Ghaxaq ndiye kavalo wake ndipo anathamangitsa wake wokondedwa. Popeza mmwamba, iye anagunda ake ndi chikwapu kuti anakwiya wachikulire Urals. Iye anatembenuka mwana wake mu mtsinje kudya, Ghaxaq ndipo sanathe kugwira Agidel wosamvera - Madzi mwa zala zake.

Iye anaganiza kuti atume mtsikana chiombankhanga, koma sinapulumutse. Onse anazindikira Ghaxaq, anapulumutsidwa ku m'mawere mtima wake, anaponyedwa pa mapazi a wokondedwa wake. Kumkhudza Iye, koma kubwerera ku matupi a anthu ndipo sadathe. Tsopano powonekera ndi anayi Sheehan - Jurack matchalitchi anayamba (mtima), Kusaya n'kumuika-matchalitchi anayamba (mbalame), Shah-matchalitchi anayamba (Ghaxaq) ndi Tra-matchalitchi anayamba (phiri fuko Bashkirs).

mtsinje

Mitsinje, komanso mapiri, ndi kunyada ndi mabwalo waukulu. Waukulu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mtsinje wa Bashkiria - White. Wasefukira, izo meanders pa PREDURALIE limodzi m'tsinde kumadzulo. Ake makhwawa - mitsinje Nugush, SIM, Ufa ndi Dema. Mu November, pambuyo frosts kwambiri, mtsinje mofulumira ledeneyut. Patapita miyezi 5, iwo pang'onopang'ono thawed.

M'madera a nkhalango ndi steppes angalandire unyinji wa nyanja ya kukula osiyanasiyana. Iwo yotakata, koma osati kwambiri, ndipo ambiri a iwo inamera bango, chithaphwi cinquefoil ndi zomera zina. nyanja osiyana - mwatsopano, mchere, koma onse ali wokongola payekha awo.

Nature nkhokwe

Ambiri a dera wotanganidwa Bashkiria nkhokwe wapatali chikhalidwe.

• State Reserve. Ili m'malire a deciduous ndi birch nkhalango, kufupi ndi steppes Trans-Ural. Flora ndi zinyama wolemera kwambiri, ndi nyumba chisawawa komanso carnivores lalikulu. antchito Reserve kuyan'ana kusamala ndi kuswana kwa mbalame ndi nyama, ambiri amene angapezeke mu Red Book.
• Shulgan-Tash. Latsopano la Russia palibe analogues malowa - malo a zimatetezedwa ndi kuphunzira zakutchire mtengo njuchi dzenje. Iwo mosavuta anasamutsa ozizira ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, ndi zokolola zawo apamwamba kwambiri. Komanso mu malo a kuteteza mbalame osowa.
• Bashkir National Park. Anadzazidwa ndi mitundu yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera. Alendo ndi mwayi kuyenda m'njira zachilengedwe (mwapadera zodutsa).

amakono Bashkiria

Bashkortostan - mmodzi wa ambiri chuma khola zigawo Russia. Republic ali ndi makampani olemera ndi likulu ndi abwino kwa malonda (malinga Forbes oveteredwa). Mtengo wa moyo Bashkiria walembedwa ndi boma kuchuluka kwa rubles 8691 pa munthu. Ntchito - 9205, chifukwa pensioners - 7061, ana - 8856.

M'minda ya kulima ndi mbewu mafakitale pa minda - nkhosa, akavalo ndi nkhuku. Yotchuka yopanga ubweya ndi njuchi. chitukuko cha mafuta kuyenga mu dziko, kukonza ndi zokhomakhoma. Bashkiria mafakitale chinkhoswe mu kupala matabwa ndi kupanga zipangizo yomanga.

Pa gawo la Republic pali 1644 mabungwe chisanadze sukulu, sukulu 1.587 ndi masukulu 10 pagulu.

Travel

Tourism - imodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri pamoyo Bashkortostan. izo limatchedwa Switzerland chachiwiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe. Kupita paulendo, dziwani: kuno angakuuzeni zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa mu zolemba zatsiku ndi pogwiritsa. Inu mukhoza kusiya pa malo alendo, mu mahotela omasuka kapena hostels bajeti.

Bashkortostan Republic amapereka kwa amapondereza kukwera njinga ambiri. kusankha - mazana chilimwe basi yozizira pazithunzi, kuphatikizapo kudutsa likulu ndi nkhokwe. Pakuti okonda kukwera kavalo, rafting pa catamarans kapena kayaks kumeneko zosangalatsa. Mukhoza buku ski kapena malo panjinga, pamthuthuthu safaris, atayenda, speleotury kapena kukawona ulendo yosavuta.

Ufa - likulu la Bashkiria

Ufa lili pakati pa Bashkiria, pa confluence a mitsinje zitatu. Mbiri ya mzinda kunayamba 1574 - pamene Ufa anali woyamba Russian linga. Pang'onopang'ono anakafika kukopa kwake konsekonse mu dziko, linga kusunga chitetezo ndi kusonyeza matenda adani.

mzinda ndi lotseguka kwa alendo owonetsera zambiri, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona sewero ndi Comedy, zisudzo ndi kuvina, penyani zisudzo zoonera. Alendo akhoza nthaŵi yawo mu zakale luso mtundu wa mzinda, komanso kuyang'ana pa zipilala achipembedzo ndi kupita ku kokaonera mafilimu masiku ano.

Ufa - wokongola kwambiri ndi kwabasi m'tawuni. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa misewu lotanganidwa mizere ngakhale ndi laimu, popula ndi zokometsera mitengo. Nyumba m'malo mwa m'mapaki, ndi m'mapaki - nyumba. Yapadera waukulu mumzinda - maganizo kupitirira vistas mtsinje. Zilipo ngakhale kuti apoyera: mtunda mukhoza kuona floodplain wobiriwira, amatsanulira zokhotakhota nyanja ndi mitsinje kuti apite pang'onopang'ono pafupi. Munthu aliyense angathe kuona pang'ono pokha wozungulira mapiri, yokutidwa ndi yowala wobiriwira. Kumadzulo - Akukonzetsa Demos mtsinje chigwa ndi zinkapezeka m'madzi, nkhalango ndi magombe - amakonda tchuthi malo okhala mumzindawo.

Mutu wa Republic

Mu 2014, chifukwa cha mawu chachiwiri, anali osankhidwa Rustem Zakievich Hamitov. ntchito zake zandale anayamba ndi udindo wake monga wapampando wa Commission pa nkhani zachilengedwe, ndiye anagwira ntchito mkulu wa bungwe lija, ndipo anakhala nduna malo chilengedwe 1994. Kumbuyo kwake - zaka zambiri ntchito mu dongosolo Moe. Mu 2010, Pulezidenti wakale wa Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov anatsanzika. Rustem Khamitov anaikidwa malo ake Dmitriem Medvedevym. Assembly National wa Republic kuthandiza candidacy wake. July 15, 2010 Rustem Zakievich Hamitov mwalamulo anayamba ntchito positi udindo.

Khamitov achinyamata umachititsa kukonda masewera, kukhala mgwirizano wa mayiko. Pulezidenti wa Bashkortostan amayenda kudutsa dziko, ndi kukhala wochitachita mu onse a moyo wake.

Tsankho zakudya

• Bishbarmak - yophika yakavalo kapena nkhosa, kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono. Monga mbali mumbale - ndi Zakudyazi ndi msuzi ku nyama.
• Zouma soseji anapangidwa kuchokera yakavalo.
• Lokoma ndi mchere tchizi (lalifupi).
• Berry maswiti.
• Mare a mkaka - mkaka chakumwa, womwe wapangidwa kwa mkaka Mayi a. Wowawasa kukoma koumiss ubwino ofunika lonse.
• Shindy - zochokera chakumwa mbewu Zidamera rye kapena barele.
• Airan - wowawasa mkaka wasukuluka ndi madzi. Wangwiro wothandizira polimbana ndi ludzu.

zovala miyambo

A malaya aatali ndi kolala ndi lalifupi malaya jekete (kamzul), ankavala pamwamba - chifukwa cha zovala dziko wamwamuna. Ofunda nkhosa khungu kapena yozizira odula (Gilles). Pa mapazi - nsapato ndi nsalu tibia ndi malekezero zofewa khungu (Saryk) ndi zikopa nsapato dzanja zopangidwa (Kata). The wosauka abvale nsapato. Pa mutu akhoza kuvala skullcap, ndipo pamwamba - kapu ya otter kapena Beaver.

Akazi Zovala - lonse, nthawi bondo-kutalika kavalidwe, nsalu pa mphonje ya maliboni akuda. Kuchoka kuwala kuvala pamwamba thewera wolemera nsalu ndi chovala, nakonza pa m'mbali tinsel. Monga zovala akunja ntchito mikanjo, adakonzeka ndi buckles ndi mikanda, m'nyengo yozizira - ndi ubweya odula. Mipango - mpango nsalu ndi chipewa ubweya. Nsapato ngati amuna: Saryk ndi nsalu, Kata ndi zidendene. Atsikana ku mabanja olemera ankavala zosiyanasiyana zodzikongoletsera: mphete, mikanda, zibangili, ndolo, pakhosi zosonyeza.

Panopa mukhoza kuwona zovala za makolo okalamba kapena mapwando, komanso ntchito ya madansi wowerengeka ndi nyimbo.

zochitika wapadera

• Tsiku Bashkiria kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Declaration wa State ufumu Republic. Iwo kumakumbukulidwa pa 11 October.
• Constitution Tsiku - December 24.
• Eid al-Fitr - chikondwerero malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi. Kukondwerera polemekeza kumapeto kwa mwezi kusala a Ramadani.
• Eid al-Adha - monga holide yoyamba Bashkortostan, zoikidwa ndi mu kalendala. Ndi phwando Chisilamu chikondwerero kukumbukira nsembe ya Mneneri Ibrahim.
• Sabantuy. nthawi ya chikondwerero anakhazikitsa lamulo boma. Kumulemekeza mapeto a ntchito kasupe munda.
• Salauat yyyyny - holide wina mu Bashkortostan, Republican folklore chikondwerero polemekeza Salavat Yulayev.

Places ofunika kukacheza

Sasinthasintha mu Ufa? Pitani chipilala kuti Nyumba Bashkir - ndi mausoleum a Hussein-Beck ndi Keshene (mu "nyumba ya kuvunda" Baibulo). Ili makilomita 40 kuchokera likulu, nthawi yomanga awo - 11 ndi m'ma 13 motero.

The malo Shulgan-Tash akamadutsa Kapova phanga (banki lamanja la White). Kukhala apansi atatu okwana kutalika makilomita 1.8, ndi chidwi chosaiwalika zakale zokumba pansi. The malo osungirako "Bashkiria" ndi mlatho zachilengedwe Kuperlya. zaka zambiri zapitazo, mtsinje anaswa ndi njira mobisa, n'kupanga phanga lalikulu, lomwe anakomoka ndi nthawi ndipo analenga mogometsa - mbali akupitiriza kukangamira pa mtsinje monga mlatho.

Birsk mukhoza kuphunzira za zamanja wowerengeka wa anthu ameneŵa a Bashkortostan. Pali fakitale mankhwala luso, umene umabala alendo ochokera capo-muzu (kukula pa mizu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya birch) ndi mbiya zosiyanasiyana.

Republic monyadira zipilala ambiri chikhalidwe ndi malo, omwe si monga - amangokhala wokongola kwambiri. Alendo amakonda kukaona Bashkortostan Ufa yachonde mu malo (pambuyo pake Ufa Mtsinje). view lidali langwiro: kudya mtsinje, anapangidwa ndi nkhalango zobiriwira, m'mapanga ndi sinkholes, kumenya magwero - zinthu zonsezi mpweya!

Nature Bashkir chidwi ndi kukongola wapadera ndi zosamvetsetseka. Mu mawu, n'zosatheka kufotokoza onse malo abwino, koma inu mukhoza kuwona ndi moyo. Pamene akukonzekera ulendo, onetsetsani kuti aganizire za Bashkortostan - chigawo zodabwitsa ndi chikhalidwe wolemera.