Political ulamuliro - ndi tsoka la anthu kapena kusankha sadziwa?

Political ulamuliro - dongosolo la boma, njira akuluakulu ntchito bata, njira kuyankha kwa maganizo onse. Zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuteteza ake kwa zaka zambiri, ndi zomwe zingachititse kusakhutira ya anthu ndi kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ulamuliro kulamulira?
Ponena za ndale, ife taonani nuance yaing'ono. Ambiri (monga kunapezeka kuti nthawi zina ndi wolemba kwambiri) Kawirikawiri kusokoneza kapena kusakaniza mfundo ziwiri: "boma" ndipo "ndale". Kufalitsa pang'ono. Mtundu wa boma ndi dongosolo coherent. Iwo amakhala ndi mogwirizana kwa mphamvu, dongosolo la mapangidwe a boma ndi tanthauzo la mutu wa boma. ndale - ndi chikhalidwe, njira ndi njira imene zimachitika pakati pa akuluakulu ndi pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pa ndale za Japan - demokalase ndi boma - ndi mafumu malamulo.

Kamodzi timakamba za kusiyana mawu awa, m'pomveka kuganizira kufanizitsa awo. zazikulu Political demokalase ndi zigawenga (authoritarian ndi opondereza) mitundu boma. Koma mawonekedwe a boma, ndiye pali zambiri:

• State: Federal (Australia), Chisilamu (Afghanistan), anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana (Bolivia), unitary (Sri Lanka).
• Republic, kuphatikizapo boma (Austria), Umodzi (Bangladesh), Chisilamu (Iran). Republican boma ndi chibadidwe ambiri limati ano, kuphatikizapo Russia.
• Ufumu - oyendetsera dziko (Japan), mtheradi lateokalaseli (Vatican), mtheradi (Brunei), aphungu (Spain). Ufumu ngati - Oman.
• Parliamentary ukulu (Andorra).

Monga mukuonera, mtundu wa boma zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, ena mwa iwo unalipo mu chikhalidwe chimodzi. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - ndi Vatican, Andorra, Iran, Bolivia, Sri Lanka, Spain, Afghanistan.

Features zipani malinga Aristotle

Kuphunzira zipangizo nkhani imeneyi, ndinadabwa kuona malowedwe athu kwa ankhanza andale amene akhala akufuna ndi Aristotle. Ndikatero, mu ntchito yake "Ndale" akamanena za dongosolo la ndale chinakhazikitsidwa mu kutanthauzira kwambiri lomwenso ndi zolondola. Choncho, Aristotle anasankha waukulu 6 zipani. Awa, atatu anali njira yolondola, koma atatu anali yofanana awo wokhotakhota.

• Kukonza ndale - ndi (mu maganizo a kwambiri nzeru zapamwamba) mafumu, anthu apamwamba ndi polity. Kulondola awo ndi zochita boma umalimbana phindu kwa nzika zonse.
• Anasokoneza ndale ulamuliro - kupotozedwa kwa "kulondola" mfundo. Zikuphatikizapo nkhanza, oligarchy ndi demokalase. Zimene za kasamalidwe dongosolo mphamvu umalimbana "zabwino nokha."

Chidwi n'chakuti Cicero ntchito yomasulira buku limeneli, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, alowa m'malo mwa mfundo "polity" Lingaliro "Republic" kuti kwambiri bwanji luso la kuzindikira zoona Malemba. (Republic panthawi imeneyo anali mmodzi wa mayina a Roma.)

zoti ankhanza

Anyinji mwina chidwi n'chifukwa chiyani ena ankhanza, amene ayenera chifukwa kukana chiwawa kukhalabe wosasintha kwa zaka? pali mawu ovomerezeka monga "umayenda". Amatanthauza kuti nzika za boma kuzindikira ndondomeko ndi njira ntchito ndi boma, zolondola ndiponso chovomerezeka. Pankhaniyi, anthu pafupifupi palibe ankafuna kusokoneza kuti chikhalidwe alipo si ankafuna kulanda boma ndi kusintha dongosolo. zochita zonse ndi zofunika za akuluakulu a zazindikirika mwachibadwa, zofunika ndi woona yekha. Gwirizanani, zofanana kwambiri ndi zimene a ndale ku Russia (kapena kani, Soviet Union) analipo pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Stalin. Ndi pa mfundo vyakujumpha kumeneko , Korea North.

Kodi chimayambitsa chotero "kugonjera" ya anthu? Bwino kusasintha mfundo. Yovomerezeka ndale ulamuliro - mphamvu, ozikidwa pa miyambo ya makolo ndi wakale, chipembedzo, ndale lathu (zomwe kuonedwa ngati chipembedzo), komanso mfundo za rationality.