Pamene lingaliro la "ndalama" ndi zimene iwo ankasowa

Mu masiku a anthu wosazindikira maganizo "ndalama" monga ife tonse tikudziwa, kulibe. Ngakhale tanthawuzo la "chuma payekha" anali yosokoneza kwambiri. zikopa angapo, kuwotchedwa pamtengo ndodo, mwala nkhwangwa. Home mfundo ya mbiri isanayambe munthu - chakudya, pogona ndi moto - ndi m'madera.

Achokera onse

Ndi zamoyo kusintha mwamuna ndi mphamvu yake kusonkhezera m'dzikoli. Iye analenga chuma zovala ndi nsapato, kusaka kapena kusodza zida, ziwiya, ndi zambiri. Mkubwela kwa malire bwino "anga - osati wanga", zikuoneka, ndipo panali tsintho. Ine ndikufuna - ndinakuuzani. Ubwino anali zinthu makonzedwe ndi wachibale ndi kudalira pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zikuthandiza. Mwatsopano nyama wowerengeredwa polezhalogo zambiri koma anagwedeza kwambiri, chifukwa cha moyo wake alumali anali wautali kuposa mwatsopano. Ikuluikulu chinthu akuwonekera, ndi zambiri za panafunika nthawi ina Buku, monga mtengo wa chinthu.

ndalama, zachilengedwe

Kumene makolo athu sanatsatile msanga banknotes ndi madigiri asanu chitetezo. Woyamba "ndalama" zina mwa zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti ntchito mwachindunji kunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, si zachilendo "ndalama" m'madera ambiri anali mchere - mankhwala kuti ndithu zothandiza. Izi iwonso monga koko, khofi, tiyi, matailosi ... Rice monga ndalama ntchito China, ndipo Iceland - nsomba zouma. Koma m'mayiko ena mfundo "ndalama" Apa Yehova akupempha zipolopolo wokongola kapena miyala ndi bowo pakati.

Chitsulo chinali ulalo Transitional pakati ndalama zachilengedwe ndi machitidwe ndalama. Zamkuwa ndi zachitsulo - chitsulo woyamba amene katswiri mtundu wa anthu, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ndi mtengo palokha. Iron bala, limene linakonzedwa mulu m'matumba achikopa, zikanakhala zotheka kuti alimbikire nkhwangwa, pulawo kapena lupanga.

Koma ngati yopanga zitsulo izi mtengo wawo unayamba kuchepa, ndipo anafunikira chinthu, amene anali wofunika apamwamba kulemera m'munsi ndi kukula. muyeso Universal anakhala zitsulo awiri - siliva ndi golide. Ngakhale kuti chitsulo ndi mkuwa anali bwino, anthu akhala chidwi ndi kukongola ndi kukhalitsa kwake wa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Chifukwa chachiwiri ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi zitsulo nthawi yomweyo ubiquity awo ndi "yosowa lapansi". Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti kwambiri chinthu zovuta kupeza, m'pamenenso timaliyamikira kwambiri. Ndi kupeza golide ndi siliva, awo "malo oyenera" Lingaliro ndi ntchito ya ndalama potsiriza anapanga.

dongosolo ndalama

Monga zovuta za nzeru uphungu ndi zikamera wa mabungwe a boma kuti zonse izo, panali kufunika kwa dongosolo wogwirizana maziko zimene zinali zoona, mayunitsi ndalama okha - ndalama. Ambiri a iwo anali zitsulo zimbale za golide, siliva ndi mkuwa, ngakhale nthawi zina pamakhala ndalama za miyala yamtengo wapatali, theka-mtengo wapatali ndiponso anthu wamba.

The ndalama oyambirira Kwenikweni, monga mbale zitsulo ndi "chidindo" kuti certifies kuti ali ndi kuchuluka kwa golide, siliva kapena mkuwa (ntchito chitsulo ndi miyala ina, koma kuli). Kenako ndalama anali bwino, anapeza phindu ndipo inasanduka dongosolo ndalama. Kwenikweni, lingaliro la "ndalama" chifukwa ambiri a ife ndipo amagwirizana kwambiri ndi dongosolo la gulu za chuma ndi ndalama zimene ngongole yeniyeni.

Ndi zovuta kuchuluka kwa chofunika ndalama malipiro ndalama kunadetsa kusiyanitsidwa - mu kachitidwe kamodzi pangakhale oposa khumi ndi osiyana zipembedzo. Kulemera, kukula, zitsulo zili aliyense malamulo. Monga tikuonera, mfundo ndi mitundu ya ndalama ochuluka zovuta bwino.

Cash ndalama osati kwambiri

Ife amaganiza kuti banki kutengerapo ndi brainchild wathu, makompyuta, pamene ambiri mwa wotuluka ndalama saonetsa kayendedwe thupi la okwanira ndalama. Ndipotu, magombe woyamba, ndipo mogwirizana ndi malisiti banki, anaonekera ku Babulo wakale Choncho, mfundo malipiro ndalama ndi cashless pafupifupi wamkulu monga ndalama.

pepala ndalama

Chinthu chofunika lotsatira mu mbiri ya chitukuko cha ndalama ndi ndalama machitidwe anali kuoneka banknotes lapansi. Iwo anaonekera China m'zaka za chakhumi, koma mu dziko lalikulu yogawa sanalandire, chifukwa pepala anali pa nthawi zodula ndi zovuta popanga. ulendo wake kupambana kuzungulira ndalama pepala dziko anayamba m'zaka XV ndi Kutulukira Gutenberg osindikizira. Popeza pepala ndalama anayamba mofulumira aithamangitse zitsulo ndalama - iwo anali otsika mtengo kwambiri zopindulitsa ndiponso mosavuta.

Poyamba, phindu lililonse pepala banknote talidziŵa enshrined mu chitsulo chabwinocho - lililonse onani iwe umakhoza kuchuluka kwa golide kapena siliva. M'tsogolo, monga kufufuma ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, kubadwa kwa dongosolo banki ndi mfundo zake ngongole, "mtengo" wa banknotes onse utachepa mpaka potsiriza alibe zitsulo wapatali. Lingaliro la "ndalama" kuchokera mu chinachake zakuthupi ndi chogwirika pafupifupi kukhala abstraction, chinachake cha ntchito yake masamu.

Lero, muyeso waukulu wa mtengo wake otchedwa malo ndalama - ndi anazindikira, ambiri ntchito wotuluka lonse. Woyamba kuwombola chinali mapaundi British, ndipo pambuyo 1944 - dola US.