"Pleiad" - ndi kuwundana andakatulo

Malinga ndi tanthauzo zamalankhulidwe mawu "Way" amatanthauza gulu lina la anthu a m'nthawi imodzi ndiponso ntchito. mawu limachokera Agiriki. Pleiad - ana aakazi asanu ndi awiri a Atlas ndi Pleione, amene Zeus adakweza kumwamba ndipo inasanduka kuwundana lapansi. nyenyezi zisanu ndi chimodzi akuwala kuwala, ndipo shyly chimodzi chokha amabisa - chifukwa iye, mosiyana ndi alongo ake omvera kusankha milungu wokondedwa wa amuna. Malinga ndi nthano chomwecho, wakale amalinyero lakumwamba chabwino m'mawa kuwundana Pleiades.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti izi danga chinthu kwa zaka zambiri ndipo zaka wakhala chizindikiro otchuka kwa atumiki nyimbo. Makamaka yowala chinyezimiro cha kuwundana a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi opezeka belles-lettres. Ngakhale kalelo, mu III m'ma BC, sukulu Alesandriya andakatulo anabadwa. Zisanu andakatulo, amatanthauza kuti - Homer Jr., Apollo, Nikander, Theocritus, Aramur, Likotron ndi Filiki - bungwe bwalo osiyana ndi kutchedwa "Pleiad". Zotsatira amakhalabe mbiri ya mabuku akale , monga chitsanzo cha ndakatulo mkulu.

Zaka zapita, mbiri mobwerezabwereza yokha. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, mu 1540, France ananena yokha alakatuli latsopano "Pleiades." Iyo inali nthawi ya French Romanticism, ndi zambiri - ndi minibasi andakatulo wakale. Gulu la ndakatulo wamng'ono, kutsogozedwa ndi Pierre de Ronsard anaulura pulogalamu moona chosintha chitukuko mabuku dziko. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nawonso, anali zisanu ndi ziwiri, anamutchula dera lawo osati monga "Pleiad". Zinali Pofuna kutsitsimutsa ndi kupereka mpweya watsopano wa mabuku mbadwa, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, anali mtundu wa kusasamalira miyambo zaka zakubadwa wa French ndakatulo.

Kodi pulogalamu ya ndakatulo "Pleiades" zachokera? Linali lakuti mu lonena Joachim du Bellay, ndipo anali mtundu wa Ndondomeko osati kutsitsimutsa, koma kulenga mabuku atsopano. Achinyamata a ndakatulo anamenyera chinachake kubweretsa mabuku French a mwambo wakale wa vesi Alexandrine. Chotero cholakalaka iwo anamufotokozera kuti Agiriki, Alesandriya ndakatulo ali pafupi ndi ungwiro - ndi syllable ndi poetics ambiri. Mu lonena moona ofooka ndi maganizo anapangidwa kugwedeza mwakabisira kuti chinenero: inde, chinenero French ndi zokongola, mungathe kwambiri, koma si monga anayamba ngati Greek kapena Latin, ndi chifukwa ayenera kukhala. Ndipo kodi njira ya chitukuko analangiza kusankha "Pleiad"? Zinali kanthu ngati onyenga akale.

Anthu m'madera ndakatulo, anaphatikizapo zisanu - Etenn Zhodel, Jean-Antoine de A Baïf, Remi Bello, Zhan Dora, Ponto de A Tyard. Zotsatira za "Pleiades" imene watsikira kwa masiku ano, wakhala chitsanzo chabwino kudziwika lenileni French Achikondi lyricism ndi ndakatulo ya Pierre de Ronsard kuposa ululu mladoellinistov Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kale mu 70s, mu zaka ake am'tsogolo analemba katswiri weniweni, makamaka, anakhalabe mbiri ya French mabuku "Sonnets kwa Helen" - yotsegulira chikondi chake chiyembekezo lomaliza. Ndipo iwo mulibe kufufuza kuwatsanzira, palibe ulemu kwa mtima wake Alexandrine ndime, koma pali moyo zowawa moyo a mlakatuli Ndi.

Mu nthawi ina m'mbiri ya mabuku mobwerezabwereza adawomba, poyerekezera ndi mawu akuti "Pleiad" ndakatulo. Izi zinali, komabe, lomwe mwangwiro attributive ndakatulo wina panopa kapena lothandiza munthu. Choncho, kutsutsa ano zolembalemba kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mawu akuti "andakatulo Pushkin Way", "gulu la ndakatulo siliva" m'badwo. " Koma umu ndi mmene Goethe analemba, "m'ma watsopano -. Mbalame zina"