Pisarev za "Mphepo". Pisarev yovuta Nkhani za "Mphepo" Ostrovsky

Kodi inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, pamene muwerengenso zimene ndinalemba Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev za "Mphepo" Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo? Mwina mfundo yakuti mabuku amatsatira geniuses ... Golden Russian mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma XIX, kuyambira ndi yojambula mayiko ndakatulo, ndi pakati pa zaka zana ndi wakhala akugwira prose wake, amene akutumikira monga "ray kuwala" lonse la anthu Russian. Izi, kumene, sindikukamba za ntchito ndakatulo ya Pushkin, Gogol, Ostrovsky.

Civil lonjezo Nkhani

Nkhani za "mvula yamabingu" Pisarev ndi kuvomera kwa nzika za chosaiwalika chidutswa cha m'ma lomaliza. Olembedwa mu 1959 ndi Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem Ostrovskim kusewera mu machitidwe asanu amatenga golide Russian mabuku ndi malo apadera. ntchito zochitikazi watumikira monga kutsogolera zamphamvu pofuna kukwaniritsa Kuzindikira. Umboni wa zimenezi anatumikira monga kalasi anapatsidwa otsutsa sewero. Izo zikusonyeza zipani izi. Ndipo mu mkangano anabadwa choonadi ndithu! kumvetsa izi ndi kofunika kudziwa kuti nkhani yakuti "Zolinga za sewero Russian", amene anayika Pisarev za "Mphepo" ndemanga, lidalembedwa ngati kuyamikira nkhani ina kumatsutsa wotchuka zolembalemba wotsutsa Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Nkhani, amene ankatsutsana Pisarev, wotchedwa yowala - ". Ray wa kuwala mu mdima" Timayesetsa kupereka owerenga ndi ochita pamwamba ntchito Dmitri Pisarev. Iwo ali ndi udindo wapadera mu mabuku Russian. Ostrovsky analephera mokwanira kupitiriza Russian sewero Kuzindikira chibadidwe Griboyedov "Tsoka kwa nzeru".

Lofunika kutsutsana Dobrolyubov pa sewero "Mvula ya Mkuntho"

Wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich, ndithudi, kunali connoisseur a ntchito za Ostrovsky ndipo, mosakayika, kuyamba ntchito kwambiri yodziwa Article lopambana zolembalemba wotsutsa Dobrolyubov, yemwe ndi kulemekezedwa. Komabe, mwachionekere, chotsatira nzeru akale (kutanthauza - "Socrates ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi - mtengo"), Pisarev sewero Ostrovsky "Mvula ya Mkuntho" analemba review wake.

Kufunika kwa kunena maganizo awo, iye anazindikira, chifukwa anamva: ". Nthawi ngwazi" Dob anayesera kumusonyeza Katerina Ku udindo uwu wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich wachibadidwe samagwirizana ndi chinachititsa ndithu. Ndipo analemba nkhani zake "Zolinga za sewero Russian," pamene analowa pa Kutsutsa nkhani yolembedwa chachikulu cha ntchito ya Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubova kuti Katerina Kabanova ndi "cheza cha kuwala mu mdima."

Kalinov monga chitsanzo Russia

Mosakayikira, nkhani awafotokozera Pisarev za "Mphepo" maganizo awo bwino pozindikira kuti Dobrolyubovym Dana ngati "mdima" Mbali ofunda mizinda wina wa chigawocho mlingo, ndi zoona - onse Russian cha m'ma XIX. Kalinov - chitsanzo ka dziko lalikulu. Ndi maganizo a anthu ndi njira yonse ya moyo m'tawuni amayendela ndi anthu awiri: wamalonda, oipa patsogolo njira Savel Prokofitch Wild ndi prude Shakespearean anamvetsa mkazi wamalonda a Kabanova Marfa Ignatevna (ofanana - Kabaniha).

Mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo Russia unali dziko yaikulu ya anthu ulimi makumi otukuka. Kale opareshoni zopezera njanji. Posachedwapa pambuyo kulemba sewero Ostrovsky (yeniyeni, kuyambira 1861, pambuyo kusaina Mfumu Alexander II «Manifesto», yothetsera serfdom) chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha proletariat ndi moyenera, anayamba Boom mafakitale.

Komabe, tikuonera Ostrovsky a silifooketsa anthu ofuna zinkakhalira pa anthu chisanadze kusintha ndithudi zoona. Inali ntchito mu ankafuna, zowawa ...

Kufunika kwa mfundo sewero

Ntchito mosavuta mfundo, mu chilankhulo chomveka kwa wowerenga amalenga review Pisarev za "Mphepo". Chidule cha zidutswa zodzikongoletsera Mokhulupirika imabereka m'nkhani yake yapadera. Kodi izo mulingirira? Ndipotu, mavuto a sewerolo - mkate. Ndipo Ostrovsky anachita chinthu chachikulu, ntchito yake ndi mtima wake onse akafuna kumanga anthu wamba m'malo mwa "Ufumu mdima".

Komabe, owerenga wokondedwa ... Ndiko kuti, dzanja pa mtima ... Kodi ife lero anthu wathu ndi 'ufumu wa kuunika, ubwino ndi nzeru "? Ndi opanda analemba Ostrovsky Kuligina monologue: "Popeza ntchito yabwino konse kwambiri tsiku mkate. Ndipo iwo ndi ndalama, bwana, iye akuyesera akapolo osauka, kotero kuti ndalama ntchito zake zosadziwika bwino ngakhale more ... kalekale "? Kuwawa ndi mawu basi ...

Katerina - osati "ray kuwala"

Pisarev Kutsutsa "Mphepo" ikuyamba ndi kusiya kwa mawu a kusasamala Dobrolyubova linanena bungwe. Iye chimalimbikitsa izo, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo lemba la wolemba za sewerolo. polemic wake ndi Nikolay Dobrolyubov Zikundikumbutsa mwachidule anapanga anzeru mwa zochitika pessimist za mfundo za optimist ndi. Malinga ndi maganizo a wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich, akamanena za Catherine - wozingwa, palibe ukoma weniweni, khalidwe la anthu amene akutchedwa "kuunika." Malinga Pisarev, Dob anapanga zolakwa mwadongosolo mu kusanthula chifaniziro cha heroine ya sewerolo. Iye anasonkhanitsa makhalidwe ake onse abwino limodzi chithunzi zabwino, kunyalanyaza zolakwa za. Mu maganizo a wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich, zofunika dialectical view wa heroine lapansi.

The heroine chachikulu cha kuvutika kwa ufumu wa mdima

Mtsikana amene ali ndi mwamuna wake Tikhon mpongozi, wamalonda wolemera, ndi (monga momwe akunenera), "mphamvu zolimba," womwe mochenjera limatsindika nkhani yovuta Pisarev. "The Mphepo", monga kusewera movutika chifukwa cha mlili chithunzi ichi. Kabaniha (monga msewu dzina lakuti) pathologically fixated pa kupondereza makhalidwe a anthu ena, minyozo zonse, amadya iwo, "ngati dzimbiri chitsulo." iye uyu achita mu odzionetsera: .. Kuti nthawi zonse yopezera, kunyumba kwa "kuyenda mwa dongosolo" (kapena kani, kutsatira malangizo ake).

Tikhon ndi mlongo wake Barbara kuti ndinazolowera zokamba mayi. A makamaka tcheru cavils ake ndi kutsitsidwa mwana wake, Katherine. Iye ali ndi chikondi, melancholic mtima, kwenikweni wosasangalala. maloto ake zokongola ndi maloto anabala kwathunthu mwana worldview. Ndi wokongola, koma silipindula!

Kusakhoza kupirira palokha

Pa yomweyo wotsutsa Pisarev za "Mphepo" mwachikulu limasonyeza chosakhwima ndi impulsivity Catherine. Iye akwatiwa Osatinso chifukwa. Only anamwetulira velirechivy Boris G., mphwake wa wamalonda Wild, ndipo - ife kuchitika mofulumira Kate pa kukakumana chinsinsi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye ndizolowere izo, mfundo, mlendo, sanaganize za zotsatira zake. "Kodi wolemba chikusonyezera" ray yowala "? - akufunsa owerenga nkhani yovuta Pisarev. "The Mphepo" limaimira makhalidwe n'kosathandiza kwambiri, osati kudziwa momwe osati kupirira mavuto, komanso kupirira yokha. Pambuyo kuperekedwa kwa mwamuna wake, pokhala maganizo, ngati mwana mantha ndi mabingu ndi hysterics loony dona, iye adzavomereza kuti upandu ndi yomweyo limatchula ndi achiwembu. Corny, sichoncho?

Potsatira malangizo a Tikhon mayi wake "pang'ono", "ndi kuti" ali. Komabe, ambiri akuvutitsidwa apongozi ali pa dongosolo la zimachita. Pambuyo Catherine amvela kuti Boris ati Kyakhta (Baikal), lili kapena chifuniro kapena chikhalidwe, anaganiza kuti adziphe: kuponyedwa mtsinje mbazimala kufa m'madzi.

Katerina - osati "ngwazi za nthawi"

Pisarev za "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky muses philosophically. Iye zodabwitsa ngati anthu a anthu kapolo sali anapatsa ndi maganizo kwambiri, mulibe chifuniro, osati kuwaphunzitsa okha, sindikumvetsa anthu - mfundo ndi chabwino kuwala. Inde, mkazi uyu wokhudza ofatsa, okoma mtima, iye ndi kufotokoza maganizo awo. ( "Ine udzaphwanya izo," - anati Katherine pa Kabaniha). Inde, ali ndi kulenga, n'zaka chikhalidwe. Ndipo mtundu mungathe kwenikweni chithumwa (monga izo zinachitika ndi Dobrolyubov). Koma mfundo imeneyi sasintha ... "Iwo sangakhoze zimachitika ngati zinthu zili nawo sewerolo munthu -" cheza cha kuwala "!" - anati wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich.

Kukhwima wa moyo - chikhalidwe cha akula

Komanso akupitiriza wotsutsa, kuti capitulate mavuto ang'onoang'ono, kwathunthu kuthetsa moyo - ndi khalidwe labwino? Anzake zomveka funso kwapatsidwa mwa Pisarev za "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky. Kupatula izo zikhoza kukhala chitsanzo kwa mibadwo amene tsogolo - kusintha kapolo Russia, osautsidwa ndi m'dera "princelings" a mtundu Kabanihi ndi Wild? Kwambiri, chotero kudzipha chifukwa kulira pagulu. Komabe, chifukwa cha polimbana gulu chikhalidwe cha anthu olemera ndi manipulators ayenera kulimbitsa wofuna ndi wophunzira!

Komabe, si achipongwe ndemanga za Catherine Pisarev. "The Mphepo", ati wotsutsa, n'zosadabwitsa kotero zonse imamveka fano lake kuyambira ali mwana. Catherine fano Mwanjira imeneyi ndi monga fano wosaiwalika wa Ili Ilicha Oblomova! Vuto la umunthu wake unformed - mu ubwana mwangwiro omasuka ndi unyamata. Makolo sanakonza ake kuti akula! Komanso, iwo sanali kupereka maphunziro oyenera ake.

Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti, mosiyana Ili Ilicha, kupeza Katerina mu malo abwino koposa Kabanov banja, zingakhale ayenera kuti chichitike, monga munthu. Ostrovsky limapereka zifukwa ...

ndi fano zabwino khalidwe waukulu Kodi

Izi kukhulupirika luso, chithunzi zabwino - limafotokoza nkhani ya Catherine Pisarev. "The Mphepo" ndi kuwerenga wake amatsogolera owerenga kuzindikira kuti mbali yaikulu kwenikweni ali mkati maganizo mlandu khalidwe la umunthu kulenga. kuthekera kumeneku kwake ndi maganizo abwino ku chenicheni. Iye intuitively akuona kufunikira kwa anthu akuluakulu Russian - ufulu wa munthu. Iye ali ndi mphamvu zobisika (amene amamvera, koma sanaphunzirepo kuilamulira). Choncho ine ndinalira Katya mawu: "N'chifukwa chiyani anthu - osati mbalame?". wolemba si mwangozi pakati fanizo zimenezi, chifukwa heroine ndi Subconsciously amafuna ufulu, ofanana ndi amene akuona mbalame ndege. Ufulu kulimbana umene ulibe mphamvu maganizo ...

Pomaliza

Zimene mfundo mwachidule nkhani yake Pisarev "Zolinga za sewero Russian"? "The Mphepo" amaonetsera osati "ngwazi za nthawi" osati "ray kuwala". chithunzi ichi ndi yochepa kwambiri, koma osati luso (apa ndi bwino chabe) koma moyo kukhwima. Iwo sangakhoze "nthawi ngwazi," "ambike" ngati makhalidwe ena oipa. Ndipotu anthu amene akutchedwa "cheza cha kuwala", posachedwapa kupha kuposa kusweka. Ndipo Katerina - ofooka ...

Pali otsutsa onse ndi malangizo ambiri a ganizo: nkhani za "Mphepo" Pisarev, ngati Nkhani Dobrolyubova mofanana kuchitira dzina la sewerolo. Izi - osati mumlengalenga chodabwitsa, mantha ndi imfa Catherine. M'malo mwake, ndi za nkhondo chikhalidwe adachoka anthu uncivil, zosemphana ndi za chitukuko.

Ostrovsky - mtundu wa chitsutso. Onse kutsutsako anasonyeza, kenako Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem, anthu - mulibe zilolezo, iwo alibe ufulu, ali mutu mfundo kuti "Kabaniha" ndi "chilombo". N'chifukwa chiyani Dobrolyubov ndi Pisarev za "Mphepo" ndalemba kotero mosiyana.

Chifukwa cha ichi ndithu mozama ntchito, mmene muli tanthauzo kuposa wina "pansi". Iwo ali ndi maganizo, ndi chikhalidwe. Aliyense wa otsutsa mabuku zofunika zawo comprehended mosiyana anapereka. Ndipo onse wina ndipo winayo anachita ndi talente ndi mabuku Russian kupindula okha kwa izi. Choncho, mopusa kuti: "Pisarev wa kusewera" Mvula ya Mkuntho "analemba zolondola kapena Dob?". Mosakayikira, muyenera kuwerenga nkhani onse ...