Ntchito za Ostrowski: mndandanda wa bwino. Kanali koyamba Ostrovsky

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", woyambitsa masewero, amene anatembenuka Russian sewero "weniweni" mabuku - izo A. N. Ostrovsky, amene ntchito ku cha m'ma XIX anakhala waukulu mu repertoire wa Maly Theatre mu Moscow. Zonse zimene zinalembedwa, sizinachitike kwa kuwerenga, ndi siteji. The chifukwa cha zaka 40 za ntchito yolenga anakhala pachiyambi (50), olengedwa mwa co-analembadi, kukonzedwa ndi anawamasulira masewero.

Magwero a "kudzoza"

ntchito zonse Ostrowski zochokera polojekiti mosalekeza njira ya moyo magulu osiyana siyana, makamaka amalonda ndi olemekezeka.

Childhood ndi unyamata Wolemba wina anadutsa panopa - chigawo wakale wa Moscow, umene makamaka anthu amalonda. Choncho Ostrovsky anali bwino ndi njira ya moyo ndi mbali ya intrafamily ndi chikhalidwe Relations. Pofika cha m'ma XIX, zikuoneka zambiri otchedwa "speculators" - iwo adzalowa wamalonda latsopano.

kwambiri inali ntchito ya Ofesi ya usilikali Moscow bwalo kumene Alexander anagwirizana m'chaka cha 1843. zaka 8 panali a milandu ambiri ndi mikangano ya amalonda ndi achibale analola kudziunjikira mfundo zothandiza pa zomwe zinalembedwa ntchito yabwino ya Ostrovsky.

Mu ntchito ya Wolemba wina anaganiza kuonetsetsa 4 nthawi zoyambirira. Aliyense zinali zodzaza ndi njira yapadera kuti analalikira za zenizeni ndi maonekedwe a zidutswa yowala.

zaka 1847-1851. The zatsopano loyamba

Essays olembedwa mu mzimu wa "sukulu chachibadwidwe" ndiponso malinga ndi miyambo oikidwa ndi Gogol, anabweretsa novice wolemba mutu "Columbus Zamoskvorechye". Koma posakhalitsa iwo anali m'malo ndi play, amene vytesnli kwathunthu epic Mitundu.

Kanali koyamba Ostrovsky - "Banja Chithunzi", kuwerenga ndi wolemba pa phwando pa S. Shevyreva. Koma kutchuka akubweretsa "Bankrut", kenako anadzatchedwa "anthu Ake - awerengedwa" The anachita chidutswa anali yomweyo. Kufufuza nthawi iyo yoletsedwa (olembedwa mu 1849, anabwera powonekera yekha mu 1861), ndi V. Odoyevski kuvala ndime ndi "ignoramus", "Tsoka kwa nzeru" ndi "Inspector". Kwa zaka zingapo, mankhwala ali bwinobwino kuwerenga mu mabwalo ndi madzulo zolembalemba, kupereka wolemba wachinyamata konsekonse losadziwika.

zaka 1852-1855. "Moskvityaninsky" nthawi

Iyi ndi nthawi pamene Ostrovsky limodzi ndi "mnyamata mkonzi ndodo" magazini, kulalikira lingaliro la 'nthaka, ndipo ali ndi chidwi ndi wamalonda uja. Oimira kukhala apamwamba, sichingabweretse serfdom osati wosiyidwayo anthu, akhoza kukhala malinga Grigoryev, watsopano mphamvu zimene zingakhudze chitukuko cha Russia. Mu nthawi imeneyi 3 ntchito Ostrowski, mmodzi amene - "Umphawi osati chilema".

Chiwembu cha chifano cha banja wamalonda Tortsov. Wopondereza ndi ankhanza bambo, odzikuza, akufuna kukwatira mwana wake wamkazi, mu chikondi ndi mdindo osauka a ochenjera ndi wolemera Korshunova. Munthu wamalonda m'badwo watsopano, amene sanaphonyepo wake. Akhutire-wankhanza m'bale sangathe ankakonda - sachedwa kuledzera, osati anapeza ndalama zochuluka, koma zotsatira malamulo onse abwino. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, choncho ndi anathana bwinobwino chifukwa Luba, ndi Wolemba wina amadzinenera chigonjetso Russian wowerengeka chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya European.

zaka 1856-1860. Rapprochement ndi "Contemporary"

Ntchito nthawi imeneyi: "A Post N'kopindulitsa", "Mu chachilendo phwando matsire" ndipo, ndithudi, "The Mphepo" - zinali chifukwa cha rethinking udindo wa kalasi wa umutu wamalonda mu dziko. Iwo salinso amakopeka ndi Wolemba wina, ndi zinthu zambiri nkhanza ndi amasowa kulimbana ndi watsopano ndi demokalase (chifukwa cha anthu wamba a "Contemporary"). Izi bwino kwambiri "ufumu wamdima" wasonyeza mmodzi tsoka Wolemba wina "The Mphepo". Pano, pali achinyamata amene safuna kupirira malamulo domostroevskimi.

Kusanthula ntchito analengedwa mu zaka 40-50, A. Grigoriev otchedwa Ostrovskogo A. N. "ndakatulo anthu" chowona, chimene anatsindika kukula kwa zojambula zawo akusonyezera.

zaka 1861-1886. ntchito okhwima

Mu zaka 25 pambuyo kusintha Wolemba wina analemba mabuku omveka, osiyanasiyana mu mtundu wanyimbo ndi lathu. Iwo akhoza m'magulu magulu angapo.

1. Comedy za moyo wa amalonda: "Choonadi ndi bwino, koma chimwemwe ndi bwino", "tsiku lililonse si Sunday."
2. Zotengera: "ankhandwe ndi Nkhosa", "Easy Ndalama," "The Forest," ndi ena.
3. "Zithunzi za moyo mu Moscow" ndi "mitengo ya MIDZI" wa anthu "pang'ono" "Mvula Masiku", "Mzanga wakale aposa awiri atsopano," etc.
4. Mbiri pa mutu mbiri: "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk" ndi ena.
5. Psychological sewero "The Anasokonezeka Last", "Mkwatibwi".

Kupatula ndi kusewera-nthano "Snow Buthu".

Ntchito za makumi lomaliza kukhala ndi makhalidwe zowawa ndi nthanthi ndi maganizo ndi ungwiro osiyana luso ndi njira nzeru fano.

Mlengi wa zisudzo national

Zaka zapita, koma ntchito za Ostrovskogo Aleksandra Nikolaevicha akadali kusonkhanitsa amaona pa magawo otchuka dziko, kusonyeza mawu akuti Ivan Goncharov: "... pambuyo pako ... tinganene kunyada. Tili Russian zathu dziko zisudzo" "Osauka Mkwatibwi" ndi "kukhala mu sled anu", "Ukwati Bal'zaminova" ndi "Mtima ndi mwala," "Osati khobidi, ndipo mwadzidzidzi Altyn" ndi "Wautsiru okwanira aliyense wanzeru" ... The mndandanda ndi odziwika lililonse theatergoers Ostrowski masewero mayina mukhoza kupitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali. Chifukwa cha luso la Wolemba wina pa siteji anadza wamoyo dziko wapadera wa mavuto nthawi zonse amasamala anthu.