Wolemba Lorens Darrell: MBIRI ndi ntchito

Nkhaniyi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzochita wotchuka uyu wolemba English, ngati Lorens Darrell. Lero chimatengedwa ngati tingachipeze powerenga za zana la 20. N'zovuta kulingalira, koma kumayambiriro wake kutsutsa ntchito m'malo maganizo ofooketsa ntchito yake. Darrell mlandu achisoni onyenga ndi verbiage, ndipo kutenga mbali linanena ndipo akuimira. Patapita zaka, ndi nthawi kuti ndifotokoze zonse, lero palibe chikaiko, mu mphatso mabuku a wolemba.

Lorens Darrell: A MBIRI

Lorens Dzhordzh Durrell anabadwa pa February 27, 1912 kumpoto kwa India m'tauni yaing'ono otchedwa Dzhallandhar ili pafupi ndi Tibet. makolo ake, Irish mayi Luiza Florens Dixie ndi atate England a Lourens Samyuel Durrell, anali, oddly mokwanira, mbadwa ya India. osakaniza amenewa amitundu yosiyanasiyana zinakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe wolemba, ndipo kenako ntchito yake. Darrell adakhulupirira iye yekha kuti ali ndi "mtima Chitibeta."

Ankadziwa England

Kodi Darrell pang'ono zinatha pamene anali ndi zaka 11. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi anam'tumiza England ngalawa kuti athe kulandira maphunziro zonse. Mbiri dziko opangidwa wachinyamata ogwetsa ndi wachisoni kuganiza. Moyo am'deralo ikutchedwa kuti "imfa English." Mkukhalabe mlendo kwathunthu kwa moyo English, Darrell sanali azolowere zinthu zatsopano, magulu onse kukana moyo malamulo a sukulu. The chifukwa cha kukana ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti iye analephera kupereka pakhomo mayeso ku yunivesite.

Zilibe kudzasokoneza Darrell, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi anapanga chisankho, amene anakhala amapha - anaganiza kuti ntchito zolembalemba. Poyamba, iye anali ndi mavuto ndi tanthauzo la kalembedwe awo onse mu prose ndi ndakatulo, koma m'kupita kwa wolemba anaganiza ndekha funso limeneli.

buku loyamba

Mu 1931, wolemba tsogolo anasamukira ku London. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1932, imafalitsidwa ndi Lorens Darrell (ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "takambiranazi mpukutu"). Kenako mu 1933, izo imafalitsidwa zolembalemba parody Shaw "Bromo Bombastus". ntchito imeneyi Lawrence chikalata pansi pa aliases wake - Geffer Pisleyk.

Mu 1935, Darrell analandira kuchokera yosindikiza Greek amalipiritsa yokulirapo, anasamukira ku Corfu, pamene iwo anajambula nyumba. Pali Darrell invents yokha dzina lina - Charles Norden. Mu dzina amafalitsidwa woyamba "Pied chitoliro chikondi" chikondi wolemba, kufalitsa "Cassel".

zosankha zofunika (1935)

Chaka chino, panali zochitika ziwiri choperekera wolemba, amene anakopeka ndi ntchito yake. Choyamba, Lorens Darrell akunyengerera mayi wake ndi mkazi wake Nancy kuti chinamuthandiza Corfu (Greece). Iye anati chakuti kotero iwo akhoza kupulumutsa pang'ono ndi kusunga nokha ku English yozizira. Moyo mu Greece wakhala vumbulutso lenileni kwa Darrell - anazindikira kuti kugwirizana wake ndi India chakumene. Apa iye akupanga ndondomeko ya bukhulo lomwe isanduke yakuti "Alexandria anai" m'tsogolo.

Chachiwiri, ndinawerenga Lawrence buku "lotentha la Cancer" Genri Millera, ndiyeno analembera kalata wolemba. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ubwenzi wolimba, yomwe inatenga zaka 45. Miller ndi Darrell zambiri wolingana. Iwo anali ogwirizana ndi chikondi mabuku ndi chithumwa Far East. Miller yomweyo anayamikira ndalama zolembalemba wa mnzanga ndipo anathandiza mwamakhalidwe iye pamene kutsutsa anafuulira zikuchepa pa ntchito yatsopano Darrell.

ntchito zolembalemba

Mu 1936 anafalitsa yachiwiri yaikulu ntchito ya wolemba mantha Spring. Dzina limeneli silingamasuliridwe mu Russian, monga maziko ake ntchito mawu - mawuwa akutanthauza catapults onse kasupe ndi mantha (linachokera ku dzina la Pan, mulungu Greek) m'chaka.

Limodzi ndi buku limeneli Lorens Darrell ntchito woyamba ntchito yake "zolemekezeka" umenewu umatchedwa "Black Book." Buku linasindikizidwa mu 1938 mu chimango cha "Villa Seurat Series", ndiyeno yofalitsa "Obelisk Press" lomwe lili ndi mbiri yoipa chifukwa. Buku zidatheka mothandizidwa ndi Bambo Miller.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Lorens Darrell - olemba amene, monga ambiri, ankayenera kudutsamo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

Mu 1939 analowa utumiki mu imodzi ya masukulu Greek, amene ali m'ndende ku Bungwe la British, mphunzitsi English. Komabe, ntchito yake yophunzitsa inatenga nthawi yaitali. Kale mu 1941, basi isanafike Germany anagwira Corfu Durrell banja anakakamizika apatukane. Mayi anatenga ana aang'ono awiri ndi Gerald Leslie (kenako nayenso anakhala wolemba) imatumizidwa England. Margot, mlongo wake wa Lawrence, poyamba ndikhala ku Corfu, koma pambuyo pake zichotsedwe mmodzi wa oyendetsa British, amene anadzakhala mwamuna wake. Lawrence yekha ndi mkazi wake ndi zaka mwana Penelope kupita ku Krete, ndiye athawire ku Cairo.

Kale mu Cairo aipsa anagona ndi mkazi wake, ndipo Darrell mu 1942, anatumizidwa ku Alexandria, komwe anakapeza ndi Evoy Koen, limene lidzakhala zinachitika a "Justine" m'buku la mbali yaikulu. Mu Alexandria, Lawrence anaikidwa wolankhulira wa British Service Information. Koposa zonse mu utumiki wa wolemba sanafune zimene ankaona maiyo, malingaliro ndi umunthu kuti chingayambitse chabe Alexandria usilikali, ndipo akutumikira monga msonkhano kufika East ndi West.

Nkhondo Itatha

Mu zaka za m'ma 1945 Lorens Darrell (zithunzi Tingaone mu wolemba nkhani iyi) umabwerera kwa Greece, kumasulidwa, iye ananena, "ndende ku Aigupto." amasiya wake woyamba amakhala Rhodes, komwe anakhala zaka ziwiri monga Director of Relations Public. Kenako mu 1947, Darrell anapita ku Argentina ku Cordoba mu mzinda kutenga malo a mkulu wa Institute British.

Popeza 1949, wolemba akukhala Belgrade (Yugoslavia), ntchito ngati atolankhani attaché pa British ofesi ya kazembe. Mu 1952 iye anasiya udindo uwu ndi anasamukira ku Cyprus, kumene akufuna kuthera nthawi yake yonse ku maphunziro a mabuku. Kukhala nthawi iyi, iye amapezera moyo yophunzitsa Chingelezi. Komabe, patapita chaka Cyprus kunayambika nkhondo pakati pa Turkey, amene ankafuna ufulu wodzilamulira, Agiriki amene ankafuna kugwirizana dziko la Greece, ndi ku Britain amene ankafuna kuti chilumba zonse pansi pa ulamuliro wake. Panthawi imeneyi, Darrell anasiya kuphunzitsa ndi ntchito Nicosia kapitawo udindo maubale. Zochitika za m'zaka zimenezi zomvetsa chisoni anali amasonyezedwa wolemba buku "Zowawa mandimu," lofalitsidwa mu 1957.

ntchito Major

More pa Cyprus wolemba anayamba ntchito pa bukhu "Justine", limene linali gawo loyamba la "Alexandria anai". Anamaliza mkombero anali mu 1956, komanso mabuku lofalitsidwa pakati pa 1957 ndi 1961. Ntchito imeneyi wopambana kwambiri osati pakati owerenga, komanso otsutsa.

Mu zaka wotsatira, Darrell analemba m'zinthu awiri, "Avignoni Quintet" ndi "Rise of Aphrodite." Komabe, palibe mankhwala awa bwino monga "anai". Ine sanadzisiyira wolemba ndi ndakatulo, mu 1980 anafalitsa magulu ndakatulo anaitana Anasonkhanitsa ndakatulo.

moyo

Anayi wokwatiwa Lorens Darrell. moyo wolembayo anali ngati lapadera monga ntchiyo.

Mkazi wake woyamba anali Nensi Mayers. Chaka chenicheni ukwati wawo paliponse ananena, koma ife tikudziwa kuti mu 1935, anali mwamuna ndi mkazi. Mu 1940 banjalo mwana, Penelope. Komabe, pambuyo pa zaka 2 Darrell yodulidwa maubwenzi anu onse ndi mkazi wake ndi kupita ku Alexandria. Nancy Zikatero, pamodzi ndi pang'ono Penelope anapita ku Yerusalemu.

Mu Alexandria, wolemba akukumana Eva Cohen, iwo ayambe chibwenzi ndi. Darrell kulikonse akutenga mtsikana naye mlembi wake. Ngakhale kugwirizana, Lawrence ukwati Nancy mu 1946, ndipo patatha chaka kukwatira Hava. Mu 1950, banjali lili ndi mwana wamkazi, wotchedwa Sappho.

Eva amadwala matenda okhudza ubongo, ndipo mu 1951 chikhalidwe chake worsens. Mu 1953, mkazi zikuchitika kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha. Kubverana wolemba ndi mkazi zinafika poipa.

Mu 1957, Darrell anasamukira ku Provence ndi Claude Vansendon, mkazi watsopano. Koma mu 1966 banjali linasamukira ku Somere kumene Lawrence muzikhala moyo wake wonse. Claude kudziwa khansa, imene anamwalira mu 1967 pa chipatala Zurich.

Darrell anakwatiwanso mu 1974 kuti Zhislen De Boisson, chitsanzo. Komabe, ukwati sizinakhalitse, patatha zaka 5, banjalo litatha.

Wolemba anafa November 7, 1990 ku nyumba kwake ku France.

Lorens Darrell: chidwi mfundo

Kwenikweni, moyo wolembayo angatchedwe chidwi mfundo - anthu ochepa davilos monga ntchito kuyenda ndi kusintha monga iye. Komabe chidwi ndi maganizo a Darrell m'dziko lathu.

Ngakhale kutchuka kwake chachikulu mu Europe, Russian wolemba kudziwika monga m'bale Gerald Durrell, zachilengedwe wolemba.

Iye alinso wolemba za zolembedwa angapo mafilimu Lorens Darrell, zosangalatsa za limene ife tsopano ati. Komanso nyenyezi mu Pazithunzi, ndi Henry Miller mafilimu ndi "World pa nkhondo", iye ankasewera yekha.

"The Alexandria anai"

Izi ndi mkombero loyamba la wolemba. Komanso, malinga ndi otsutsa, ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri analemba Lorens Darrell. "Balthazar" - 2 m'buku pa mndandanda uli wotchuka kwambiri pakati owerenga.

The mkombero zomwezo za ubale wa anthu, maganizo ndi malamulo opanda chifundo cha moyo. Ndipo ngati buku loyamba "Justine" ndi nkhani ya chikondi, wachiwiri, "Balthazar", limasonyeza m'mbiri ya apamaliro ndale ndi ofufuza. Tikhoza kunena kuti buku lililonse motsatizana ndi kusintha maganizo a owerenga, kulola kuti adzaone zimene zicitika kumbali inayo.

Komanso pa mndandanda zikuphatikizapo Kunena "Mountolive", amene amafotokoza zochitika m'malo mwa Davide Mountolive ndi "Clea" imene kupereka lomveka zotsatira za zonse zimene anafotokoza mu mabuku yapita ija ya.