Malonda - si wotero ntchito wakale ngati wokasaka, koma akadali ndithu ntchito zaka m'munda wa malonda, mwachitsanzo ntchito umalimbana mwadongosolo kupindula malonda.
mwalawapangodya
Lazaro amalonda anali ndi atumwi IX. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chuma cha boma anadzazidwa makamaka chifukwa msonkho umene pa anthu anagonjetsa. Nkhani yachiwiri anali ochita malonda ndalama. Ndi injini ikuyendera. Cities zinamangidwa makamaka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, anali ochita malonda. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale Asikuti analibe misewu ena. mizinda mwa nyanja anakhala malo oyamba kugula ndiye luso yapangidwa iwo. Mu Lazaro wakale 'wamalonda - si chabe malonda. Athanasius Nikitin, chipilala chimene anaika mwa Tver, kwawo, ndipo anali munthu wapaulendo wamkulu, amene anali atapita "Beyond atatu Pacific" ndi anatulukira, ndi kazembe. A wotchuka lodziwika bwino Novgorod wamalonda Sadko ndi ntchito kupita pansi pa nyanja.
zamalonda
Ndiyamika tsintho ndi oimira ake amalonda waukulu chonchi zamalonda, monga "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki", "Great silika Road", chimene chimatchedwa "mphambano ya chitukuko", "Milky Way", wotchuka "Incense Route" Mitanda anatsegula ku Arabiya, ndipo ena ambiri. amalonda Russian anali akalonga, anakakamizika mwanjira tichotse owonjezera msonkho achilengedwe kapena ndalama, munagulira curiosities kunja. Malonda - kuti Informant aakulu mu masiku amenewo, "Chabwino ee kunja il zoipa? Ndipo kodi mu kuwala kwa chozizwitsa? "- anazindikira kokha mwa oimira ntchito imeneyi m'zigawozigawo.
kusintha Peter chinandikhudza onse
Chochitachi anali wamalonda kulemekezedwa anali malo ofunika nthawi zonse. Pa zamalonda Russian nthano. Old wamalonda nyumba zambiri kuthandiza boma. Olemera Stroganovs anapeza m'mayiko ena, kumanga mafakitale anamanga kachisi. Ena maphunziro mbiri amati Peter Ine anagonjetsa amalonda, kupha mitundu yambiri ya zamanja Russian, wokondedwa ndi amalonda amapereka. Mfumu kusintha, chifukwa mu mawonekedwe akale a amalonda 'kuyanjana "mazana" anali anathetsa, ndipo iwo anali m'malo mwa munalidi gulu la. Iwo anali zabwino kapena zoipa, koma wamalonda uja siyinatayike.
Olemera ndi zabwino
Malonda anayamba anapezanso mphamvu, oimira yabwino dosluzhivalis izi kalasi pamaso kupatsa kwa anthu otchuka chifukwa Inagwira wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, Rukovishnikova. Moscow mafumu anayambitsa banja mfulu, ndi Ivan Vasilyevich (1843-1901) ananyamuka ku Mulingo wa atamva milandu. Novgorod mafumu, amene anayambitsa anali aluso mlimi, kale mu mbadwo wachitatu anayamba a kalasi chapamwamba. The Mwambi wa banja ili mawu akuti "akuvutika ndi otumikira." N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa chiwerengero bwino amalonda Russian. Maganizo wapadera wa malonda zoweta. Russian wamalonda - nthawi zambiri ndi zopindula ndi woyang'anira. Mayina a lalikulu ogula, amalonda, kukumbukira, anawasiya malo apadera mbiri Russian. Amene sakudziwa wamalonda Tretyakov, woyambitsa wa luso zomera mu dzina lake. Aliyense amene ngakhale pang'ono yodziwa mbiri ya Russia, kudziwa mayina ndi ntchito ya oyang'anira bwino wa kalasi - Mammoth ndi Morozov (lodziwika bwino Savva Morozov) Naydenova ndi Botkins, Shchukin ndi Prokhorov. A ambiri zipatala, nyumba chikondi masewera ndi malaibulale zinamangidwa pa Russian amalonda ndalama.
Images wa zabwino ndi zoipa
Komabe, mabuku Russian m'malo chithunzi zoipa wamalonda uja. masewero ambiri mwa Ostrovsky kusekedwa chilengedwe wamalonda ndi wamalonda - ndi kani wopanda khalidwe kuchenjerera kuposa ophunzira munthu wopatsa. amalonda Kustodievskie ndi wamalonda mungazilongosole zimene mwamwano amatchedwa "wamalonda kukoma." Kuwonjezera fano zoipa mbali ndemanga alendo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, tiona kuti Russian, amene alendo kuyankha bwino, pang'ono kwambiri. maganizo awo sayenera alamulidwa. olemba ambiri otchuka kusekedwa amalonda. Koma Kalashnikov Lermontov wabwino kwambiri. Iwo ankaganiza mbali yabwino ya malonda - kuona mtima, kukhulupirika, kulimba mtima ndiponso kufunitsitsa kupereka miyoyo yawo chifukwa cha dzina la wokondedwa. Panali, ndithudi, chilengedwe, ndi charlatans. Ndipo chilengedwe chimene iwo satero? Ndiyeno, amalonda, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, lidagawikana ndi munalidi gulu la. Ndi "lachitatu" kungakhale monga anthu sagwira ndi likulu yaing'ono (500 rubles). Koma olemera Russian amalonda okhala pamaso pa onse, ndikuganiza za mtunduwu awo, ambiri a iwo anali silinena anthu kulowa ndi woona, ndipo motentheka woonamtima. "Mawu wamalonda" - osati nthano. Sikuti onse wotuluka ali anamaliza kulalatira yekha. Koma mawu a wamalonda kusunga zolimba, mwinamwake zilibe kukhala nthano mu nzeru ya mawu.