Physiologist Anohin Potr Kuzmich: yonena zopereka kwa sayansi, mabuku

Anohin Petr Kuzmich - wotchuka Soviet physiologist ndi academician. Membala wa Civil nkhondo. Izo zinatchuka chifukwa cha chilengedwe ndi chiphunzitso cha machitidwe zinchito. M'nkhani ino inu Adzaperekedwa lalifupi mbiri yake.

kuphunzira

Anohin Petr Kuzmich anabadwa mu mzinda wa Tsaritsyn mu chaka cha 1898. Mu 1913, mnyamata sukulu zapamwamba chachikulu. Chifukwa cha mavuto m'banja Petro anali kupita ntchito pa ntchito chitsulo ndipo amasamalira. Kenako mayeso ndipo analandira ntchito ya "positi ndi wanthambo kalaliki."

msonkhano fateful

Mu zaka zoyambilira za "Red Dawn," dongosolo latsopano Anohin Peter Kuzmich ntchito ngati mkonzi wamkulu ndi magazini ya Commissioner mu Novocherkassk. Masiku amenewo, mwangozi anakumana wotchuka chosintha Lunacharsky. Last anabwera ndi asilikali mukubwadamuka sitima kutsogolo kum'mwera. Lunacharsky ndi Anokhin analankhula yaitali pa nkhani ya ubongo wa munthu ndi phunziro ake kwa "luntha la asilikali nkhani ya moyo wa munthu." msonkhano uno anakonzeratu tsogolo la ngwazi za nkhaniyi.

maphunziro apamwamba

Mu kugwa kwa 1921, Anohin Petr Kuzmich anapita Petrograd ndipo ndinalembetsa Giemsa amene anatsogolera Bekhterev. Kale mu chaka choyamba mnyamata anakhala pansi pa utsogoleri wake pepala sayansi yakuti "Mphamvu ya kusinthasintha zazing'ono ndi zazikulu mu braking ndi zikumveka ndi chisangalalo wa kotekisi ubongo." Patapita chaka chimodzi, anakapezeka nkhani zingapo Pavlova n'kukakhala choyezera.

Titamaliza Gimzy Peter hayala wothandizira mkulu pa Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa pa Institute of zootechnical Leningrad. Anokhin ndinapitiriza ntchito zasayansi Pavlov a. Anali ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano pa zotsatira za acetylcholine pa secretory ndi mtima ntchito ya malovu England, ndipo nayenso anaphunzira makope ubongo magazi.

positi latsopano

Mu 1930, Peter Kuzmich Anokhin, mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa za muli mu buku lililonse pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, analimbikitsidwa ndi pulofesa Nizhny Novgorod University (Medical luso). Izi zathandizira kuti umboni Pavlova. Mu nthawi yochepa dipatimenti analekana ndi ndodo yunivesite, ndipo analenga osiyana sukulu zachipatala pa maziko ake. Mu yomweyi, Peter Kuzmich walunjika dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa pa Nizhny Novgorod Institute.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, Anokhin anayambitsa njira zatsopano kuphunzira bongo wabwino. Izi galimoto-secretory, komanso njira pachiyambi ntchito m'malo mwadzidzidzi zolimba unconditioned. Last analola Peter Kuzmich kubwera mfundo yofunika za mapangidwe dongosolo chapakati mantha ya zida wapadera. Mu kale anali magawo panopa reinforcements m'tsogolo. Mu 1955, gulu uwu umatchedwa "acceptor cha zotsatira zake."

akulamulira afferentation

Ndiwo mawu anayambitsa mu 1935 ku mudzi maphunziro Anohin Peter Kuzmich. Chiphunzitso cha machitidwe zinchito, ndipo makamaka tanthauzo lake loyamba inapatsidwa kwa iwo pa za nthawi imodzimodzi yomweyo. Ankayambitsa mfundo zotsatira pa ntchito yake yonse kafukufuku. Anokhin anazindikira kuti njira ndi mwadongosolo - ndi njira zambiri zosiyanasiyana kuti athetse mavuto osiyana thupi.

Mu chaka chomwecho wa antchito Nizhny Novgorod University anapita VIEM, amene anali mu Moscow. Petro Kuzmich bungwe dipatimenti neuroscience. Ena mwa kafukufuku ikuchitika mgwirizano Kroll Clinic za ubongo Dipatimenti ya micromorphology anatsogolera Lavrent'ev.

Mu 1938, pa kuyitana kwa Burdenko physiologist Anohin Petr Kuzmich, amene mbiri ndi nkhani ya zitsanzo kwa asayansi ena, anali kupita neuropsychiatric gawo chapakati Neurosurgical University. Pali wasayansi chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha mfundo ongolankhula ya mitsempha chilonda.

Ntchito mu nthawi ya nkhondo

Chikadzangotha mliri wa nkhondo ndi VIEM Anokhin anasamutsidwa kuti Tomsk. Pali asogolera neurosurgical dipatimenti za kuvulala kwa dongosolo zotumphukira mantha (PNS). M'tsogolo, Peter Kuzmich iwo kulemba zinachitikira neurosurgical ntchito "Pulasitiki misempha PNS zoopsa." monograph Izi inafalitsidwa mu 1944.

Mu 1942 Anohin anabwerera ku Moscow ndipo anakhala mtsogoleri wa choyezera thupi la Institute of Neurosurgery. Apa Iye anapitiriza kulangiza ndi ntchito. Komanso molumikizana ndi Burdenko wasayansi ankafufuza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opaleshoni kuvulala nkhondo ya National Assembly. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo inali nkhani za mbali structural wa neuromas mbali ndi mankhwala. Mwamsanga zitachitika izo, Peter Kuzmich anasankhidwa pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Moscow.

Mu 1944, pa maziko a zasayansi ndi dipatimenti ya neurophysiology VIEM latsopano Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa Institute. Anohin Petr Kuzmich, amene mabuku sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imeneyo wotchuka kwambiri anasankhidwa kupita dipatimenti ya profiling. Mu zaka wotsatira, wasayansi unachitikira ku malo ichi monga kazembe mutu wa ntchito ya sayansi, komanso atsogoleri.

kutsutsa

Mu 1950, gawo sayansi zoyenera mavuto a ziphunzitso Pavlov a. Mtsutso kakusintha madera angapo kafukufuku, amene anayambitsa ophunzira ake. Speransky Beritashvili, Orbeli, etc. The chiphunzitso cha machitidwe zinchito za ngwazi kwa nkhani ino chifukwa pachimake kukanidwa.

Apa pali zimene iye ananena pa nthawiyi Prof. Hasratyan: "Pamene Bernstein, Efimov, Stern ndi anthu ena amene amadziwa pamwamba pa ziphunzitso Pavlov ndi zinthu zina kupusa - zopusa. Pamene yemwe wakhala wodziwa physiologist Beritashvili amachita ndi mfundo antipavlovskimi, osati kukhala wophunzira ake analowa - ndi manyazi. Koma pamene wophunzira wa Pavlov mwadongosolo kuyesera kubwereza ntchito yake pa kaonedwe ka n'zosatheka pseudoscientific "ziphunzitso" la asayansi bourgeois - izo zangokhala choipitsitsa ".

ndizi

Potsatira msonkhano, Anohin Petr Kuzmich, amene chopereka kwa sayansi kuyamikira, anachotsedwa pa ofesi ku Institute of Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. utsogoleri bungwe anatumiza sayansi kuti Ryazan. Pali anagwira ntchito pulofesa mpaka 1952. Pa zaka zitatu, Peter Kuzmich lotsogoleredwa ndi Moscow Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa Institute Central.

ntchito watsopano

Mu 1955 anakhala Professor Anokhin Medical University Sechenov. Peter Kuzmich ntchito mwakhama udindo uwu ndi anakwanitsa kuchita zambiri pa munda thupi. Iye anakonza chiphunzitso cha kugona ndi maso, ndi kwachilengedwenso chiphunzitso cha maganizo, akufuna ndi chiphunzitso choyambirira cha machulukitsidwe ndi njala. Komanso Anokhin anapereka tione anamaliza mimba yanu ya dongosolo zinchito. Komanso mu 1958, wasayansi analemba monograph pa chopinga mkati, zomwe anapereka kutanthauzira watsopano limagwirira lapansi.

chiphunzitso

Peter Kuzmich ntchito sayansi pamodzi ndi kuphunzitsa. Kulikonse Anokhin nthawi ntchito, nthawi zonse chidwi ndi ndondomeko ya ophunzira. Onse ophunzira ake analemba ntchito kufufuza nkhani zina. Peter Kuzmich anayesa kumenyana nawo mzimu kulenga kulenga. chidwi ndi wochezeka maganizo physiologist kulimbikitsa ophunzira ntchito yolenga. Anokhina nkhani anali wotchuka kwambiri, monga kuya sayansi amaphatikizidwa ndi moyo ndi bwino ulaliki, zithunzi ndi expressiveness wa kulankhula, komanso n'loonadi wosatsutsika wakuti anapezazo lapansi. Miyambo yabwino ya sukulu Soviet Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa Anohin adafunafuna momwe deta kufala momveka, ndi moonetsera, ndi aone zakuthupi. More wokongola nkhani anawonjezera zatsopano zokhudza thupi nyama. Ophunzira ambiri ankaganiza nkhani yake improvisations. Kunena zoona, wasayansi mosamalitsa kwa iye.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Kuyambira 1969 mpaka 1974, Anohin Petr Kuzmich, amene yonena waperekedwa pamwamba, mutu wa zasayansi pa Institute of Pathological ndi Normal Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa USSR Academy of Sciences Medical. Mu 1961 iye anali kupereka kwa Order ya Red mbendela. Ndipo mu 1968 anali kupereka ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi pa maziko a latsopano Pavlova malangizo neurophysiology kugwirizana ndi kuphunzira bungwe zinchito ubongo. Kenako anapita pa congresses mu United States ndi Japan pa nkhani ya kukumbukira. Ndi zisudzo awa anali anaona ndi mabungwe sayansi.

Academician anamwalira mu 1974. Peter Kuzmich anaikidwa mu manda Novodevichy.