Gyustav Eyfel: yonena, zithunzi. Bridges Gustave Eiffel

The cha m'ma XIX kwathunthu mpake anapindula udindo wa golide nthawi mu mbiriyakale ya zomangamanga. Izo kukhala ndi okonza waukulu umene nyumba akadali kuimira makamaka nkhani akukula. Alexander Gyustav Eyfel anthu ophweka kudziwika monga mlengi wa nsanja wotchuka mu Paris. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti iye akhale ndi moyo wolemera kwambiri ndipo analenga zomangamanga ambiri chapadera. Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za akatswiri chachikulu okonza.

Childhood ndi Education

Gyustav Eyfel anabadwa mu 1832 mu Dijon, limene lili mu Burgundy. bambo ake bwinobwino kwambiri kukula mphesa m'minda yawo yaikulu. Koma Gustave sanafune kupereka miyoyo yawo kwa ulimi ndi maphokoso maphunziro pa sukulu ina yapamwamba analowa Paris Ecole Polytechnique. Ataphunzira kumeneko zaka zitatu, mlengi tsogolo anapita ku Sukulu Central, Tirhana na Timatheriyali. Mu 1855, Gyustav Eyfel maphunziro.

ntchito Early

Pa nthawi imeneyo, kukonza ankaona maphunziro kusankidwa, achinyamata mlengi anayamba kugwira ntchito pa kampani zikugwira chitukuko ndiponso kumanga milatho. Mu 1858, Gyustav Eyfel cholinga mlatho wake woyamba. Ntchito sichikanakhoza kutchedwa lililonse, monga ena a ntchito yake mlengi. Zida mphamvu wamphamvu, munthu adawatengera pansi pa ni njira ndi atolankhani hayidiroliki. Pakali pano, njira imeneyi sikawirikawiri ntchito, monga akufunikira kuphunzitsidwa zedi luso.

Pofuna molondola anapereka milu pa akuya mamita 25, Eiffel amayenera kupanga chipangizo wapadera. Pamene mlathowu bwinobwino anamanga, Gustave anamuzindikira monga injiniya mlatho womanga. Patadutsa zaka makumi awiri, iye analengera zomangamanga ambiri osiyana ndi wamkulu zipilala kamangidwe, monga mlatho Bir Akeym, Pont Alexandre III kwa, Tower Eiffel ndi zambiri.

An view imachita

Mu ntchito zake, Eifel nthawizonse ndayesera kuti abwere ndi chinachake nzeru kuti sitikanati kuchepetsa mavuto a okonza ndi omanga, koma chopereka zothandiza kuti makampani. Kupanga mlatho wake woyamba, Gyustav Eyfel anasiya kumanga katawala onenepa. Yaikulu zitsulo Chipilala mlatho inamangidwa pasadakhale pa gombe. Ndipo iwo mu malo, mlengi ankafunika okha zitsulo chingwe anatambasula pakati pa magombe awiri a mtsinje. Njira anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito konsekonse, koma zaka 50 pokhapo kupangidwa ndi Eifel.

Mlatho Tyuyer

Bridges kuti nthawi yonseyi Gustave Eiffel, koma mwa iwo kumeneko ndipo anachita ntchito openga. Zina mwa viaduct inamangidwa ndi Tyuyer mtsinje. Kuvuta polojekiti kugona chakuti iye anali kuima pa malo phiri gorge mamita 165 kwambiri. Mpaka Eiffel maganizo kumanga ndi viaduct ali ochepa kwambiri akatswiri, koma iwo onse anakana. Iye anapereka kuphimba yaikulu gorge Chipilala kuthandiza amene amatumikira pylons awiri konkire.

Chipilala inkakhala amachepetsa awiri omwe amaveka mzake ndi lolondola magawo a millimeter a. Mlatho anakhala Eifel kwambiri sukulu. Iye aphunzire kwambiri ndipo watsimikiza moyo wawo ndi malangizo akatswiri.

Pamodzi ndi gulu la akatswiri Gustave anapeza njira yapadera imene imathandiza kuwerengera zachitsulo dongosolo pafupifupi aliyense kasinthidwe. Kumanga ulalo Tyuyer, ngwazi ya nkhani athu atayamba kapangidwe chionetsero m'mafakitale Paris, umene unayenera unachitikira mu 1878.

"Nyumba ya Makina"

Pamodzi ndi injiniya wotchuka French de A Dion Eiffel cholinga nyumba zazikulu, wotchedwa "Nyumba ya makina." kamangidwe kutalika anali 420, m'lifupi - 115, ndi kutalika - mamita 45. Kumanga chimango lopangidwa ndi zitsulo mitanda openwork mawonekedwe, amene asunga galasi chimakwirira chidwi kasinthidwe.

Pamene atsogoleri cha chikhulupiriro, chimene chinali kubala ntchito Eiffel mu moyo ankadziwana ndi lingaliro lake, iwo ankaona ngati chinthu chosatheka. Chinthu choyamba chimene anachita mantha iwo, - chakuti m'masiku amenewo nyumba ya kukula izi kunalibe. Komabe, "Nyumba ya makina" akadali inamangidwa, kubweretsa mlengi kufika kupereka ya Zikho Gold njira zothetsera kwambiri luso. Mwatsoka, inu ndi ine sindingakhoze kuwona chithunzi cha zomangamanga chidwi, kuyambira mu 1910 izo anawachotsa.

Kamangidwe "makina chipinda" kwathunthu anadalira pa PAD mwala ndi ochepa. Njira kupewa deformations kuti zivute zitani zimachitika chifukwa nthaka kusamutsidwa achilengedwe. Njira wochenjera mlengi kwambiri ntchito ntchito zawo mobwerezabwereza.

Nsanja, omwe sakanakhoza kukhala

Mu chaka cha 1898, pokonzekera lotsatira Paris Exhibition, Gyustav Eyfel namanga nsanja kutalika mamita 300. Malinga ndi lingaliro injiniya, iwo anakhala mapulani lalikulu kwa mzinda wa chionetsero. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ngakhale mlengi simukanati mulingalire zomwe nsanja iyi ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro kiyi wa Paris ndi kulemekeza mlatho womanga kwa zaka pambuyo pa imfa yake. Kukhala mamangidwe, ndi Eifel nso talente ake ndi kutsegula kuposa wina. Nsanja idzafotokoza woonda zitsulo, omwe amagwira wina ndi mzake ndi rivets. Translucent silhouette la nsanjayo monga liwutamira mumzindawo.

N'zovuta kulingalira, koma tsopano akhoza kukhala waukulu Parisian zokopa. Kumayambiriro a 1888 patangotha mwezi umodzi chiyambi cha ntchito ya zomangamanga pa zomangamanga, kwa wapampando wa dzina chionetsero komitiyi linalembedwa kuukira. Ilo linali gulu la ojambula zithunzi ndi olemba. Anafunsidwa kuti ndisiye ntchito yomanga nsanja, ndipo mwina kusokoneza malo bwino likulu French.

Ndiyeno wamanga wotchuka T. Alphand credibly adati ntchito Eiffel mungathe kwambiri ndipo akhoza kukhala si wofunika chionetserocho, koma chidwi chachikulu cha Paris. Choncho zinachitikadi m'zaka osachepera awiri pambuyo yomanga mzinda otchuka anayamba kugwirizana ndi ntchito mlengi, amene anatenga chizolowezi kuganiza zachilendo ndipo Musaope zochita molimba mtima. Yekha injiniya Mlengi wake "300-mita nsanja", koma anthu amaitcha iye ulemu kuti mbiriyakale ya misa, wotchedwa nsanja dzina lake.

Chifaniziro cha Liberty

anthu ochepa mukudziwa, koma anali Gyustav Eyfel, amene yonena tili ndi inu lero ndi chidwi, anapereka moyo wautali wa chizindikiro American - Chifaniziro cha Ufulu.

Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti French constructor pa ntchito yomanga nsanja zake anakumana ndi mnzake wake American - wazomangamanga T. Bartholdi. Last chinkhoswe mu kulembetsa kwa hema American pa chionetserocho. pakati chionetserocho anali kukhala fano ka mkuwa, amene ankaimira ufulu.

Pambuyo chionetserocho, ndi French adakula fano ndi kutalika mamita 93 ndipo anapereka America ake. Komabe, pamene chipilala tsogolo anafika pa malo unsembe, zinadziwika kuti unsembe akusowa yolimba zitsulozo. Injiniya okha amene anamvetsa mawerengedwe madzi kamangidwe, anali Gyustav Eyfel.

Iye anatha kulenga chimango yabwino kuti fano ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa zaka zana, ndipo mphepo yamphamvu kwa nyanja kuti amakhumudwa ake. Pamene zaka zingapo zapitazo, chizindikiro American nachiritsidwa, anaganiza onani kuwerengetsera Eiffel ntchito mapulogalamu ano kompyuta. N'zosadabwitsa kuti akufuna chimango injiniya ndendende chinachitikira lachitsanzo, yemwe anayamba ndi makina.

zasayansi

Pambuyo bwino zosaneneka pa zisudzo awiri ngwazi wathu anaganiza zolankhula mwakuya kuchita kafukufuku. M'tawuni ya Auteuil, iye choyamba analenga popanda mu zasayansi dziko kuphunzira zotsatira za mphepo kulimbikira kwa nyumba zosiyana. Eiffel anali kadaulo yoyamba, amene ntchito maphunziro mphepo mumphangayo. Zotsatira za ntchito yake lofalitsidwa mu mlengi mndandanda wa ntchito ofunika. Lero gululi chitukuko cha buku la zomangamanga.

Pomaliza

Kotero, ife tidzadziwa chilichonse kupatula Paris nsanja, wotchuka Gyustav Eyfel. Photo wa chilengedwe chake adzaonetsa ndi kupanga mukuganiza ukulu anthu ndi mwayi waukulu maganizo athu. Koma pachiyambi cha Eifel anali mlengi chabe milatho amene malingaliro wawapatsa adzadabwitsa anzake. Ndithudi mantha nkhani.