Pereyaslavl ukulu: location Hrs, chikhalidwe, Pereyaslavl akalonga, mbiri

Old Russian Pereyaslavl ukulu unakhazikitsidwa kuzungulira mzinda wa Pereyaslavl, woyamba kwambiri akutchula za limene limafotokoza kwa chaka 992, pamene Prince Vladimir Wamkulu adayambitsa. linga inamangidwa monga mbali ya mzere chitetezo, kuteteza dziko kwa steppe wongosamukasamuka, choyamba Pechenegs, ndiye Polovtsy. Nkosafuna ukulu anatuluka mu 1054, pambuyo pa imfa ya Yaroslava Mudrogo, amene anali akutsatiridwa ndi nthawi ya azingokhala ndale wa Russia.

malo Hrs

Pereyaslavskaya dziko linali mu beseni Trubezh, Sula ndi soups. Mu kumpoto, kumadzulo kwa zinali Kiev ukulu. Kuchokera kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa Pereyaslavl Katundu anali atazungulira steppe zakutchire, kumene unali kuthamanga bandit horde. M'mbiri ake Pereyaslavl ukulu ankatsutsa wongosamukasamuka ndipo nthawi zambiri iwo uwonongedwe.

zikamera

Specific Pereyaslavl ukulu kugawanika kwa Kiev oyamba. Mu 1054 anapita mpaka mwana wamng'ono Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Ndiye Pereyaslavl ankaona wachitatu mzinda wofunika kwambiri pambuyo Lazaro wa Kiev ndi Chernigov. Chifukwa cha kuyandikana kwa steppe Polovtsian panali kumuwombera amphamvu. Kum'mwera kwa dziko la ukulu anali yatcheredwa outposts. Zinthu zamakedzana m'mabwinja zikusonyeza awo kuti m'malinga izi anagwidwa, kutenthedwa, kuwonongedwa ndi kumangidwanso.

Choyamba kampeni zoopsa Pereyaslavl ukulu Cumans anatengedwa mu 1061. Mpaka nthawi iwo mphekesera chabe, ndipo Rurik a wongosamukasamuka kwambiri zokwanira. Mu 1068 asilikali Polovtsian anakumana ndi ophatikizana atatu retinue wa Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav ndi Vsevolod. nkhondo kunachitika pa Alta mtsinje Suli kutali ndi Pereyaslavl. Polovtsi anapambana. Akalonga anathawira ku Kiev, kumene anthu osakhutira ndi passivity za akuluakulu anapanduka.

infighting

Mu 1073 Pereyaslav Prince Vsevolod analandira kwa mchimwene wake Svyatoslav Chernigov. Ine sindinali kugwirizana mphwake Oleg Ndi njira. Pankhondoyi zinachititsa kuti nkhondo. Ngakhale akalonga Pereyaslavl monga munthu, ambiri anamenyana ndi Polovtsy mu chipululu, iwo anali kulimbana ndi wongosamukasamuka ndi pa ndewu mkati mu Russia. Ena Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) sanachite kupempha thandizo ku gulu la.

Mu 1078, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich anagonjetsa mphwake. Pambuyo chigonjetso, iye anali wolamulira wa Kiev, akupereka kwa mwana wake Rostislav Pereyaslavl ndi Chernigov anapatsa mwana wina - Vladimir Monomakh. Wolandira bwino kuteteza cholowa cha atate wake. Mu 1080 anapita ku Pereyaslavschiny kupondereza kupanduka Torquay.

Ulamuliro wa Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov anali chisoni anaphedwa mu 1093 mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi Polovtsy mu Stugna mtsinje. m'bale wake anakwanitsa Vladimir Pereyaslavl ukulu. Udindo Hrs ya cholowa chofunika DC mphamvu. Monomakh anapereka Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, ndipo iye ankaganiza kuti ateteze Pereyaslavl ku khamu la steppe.

Vladimir Gromov anakhala ngwazi nthawi yake. Iye anali woyamba mwa akalonga Russian osati kumbuyo kwa wongosamukasamuka, koma wapanga maulendo kwawo. Old Russian boma akhala ankasowa mtsogoleri amenewa. Ndi pamene Monomakh nditafika pachimake tanthauzo ndale zake Pereyaslavl ukulu. Mbiri ya zaka wapangidwa ndi zigonjetso ambiri owala pa Polovtsy. Mu 1103 Monomakh anakopa ena Rurik gulu limodzi lankhondo ndi kupita retinue mpaka steppe lapansi. asilikali adapita Dnieper mathithi ndipo anagonjetsa osati anadikira kuponya vezhi wongosamukasamuka.

Jaropolk V.

Monga Kalonga wamphamvu kwambiri Russia, mu 1113, Vladimir Monomakh anatenga mpando wachifumu wa Kiev. Iyo inali nthawi yomalizira pamene wakale boma Russian akadali nawo zizindikiro za malo osonkhaniranapo. Vladimir anapereka Pereyaslavl mwana wake Yaropolk. Mu 1116 iye ndi atate wake nawo ntchito yochotsa ndi Ming Prince Gleb Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk analanda anayika gawo limodzi la anthu ake mumzinda m'munsi ukufika Zheldi Sula.

Mu chaka chomwecho mwana wa Monomakh anapita Polovtsy Don dera, kumene kumuukira analanda mizinda itatu: Balin, Sharukan ndi NPGs. Mu mgwirizano ndi kalonga wa Pereyaslavl ndiye anachita mwana wa mkulu wa Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Chigonjetso cha manja Russian achita ntchito zawo. Polovtsi pa kukhala ndekha East Asilavo maukulu. World chinakhalapo mpaka 1125, pamene Vladimir Monomakh anafa Kiev.

Kulimbana Pereyaslavl

Olandira Vladimir mu Kiev anali mwana wake wamkulu Mstislav Veliky. Iye anafa mu 1132. Jaropolk anatenga malo a mchimwene wake. Pambuyo kasinthasintha izi Pereyaslavl anayamba nthawi ya kusintha zonse olamulira. mzinda linakhala amanena Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. Pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni anali atathamangitsidwa Pereyaslavl ana awiri Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod ndi Izyaslav).

Mu 1134 Yaropolk Kievsky anazindikira ufulu wa mbale wake kum'mwera ukulu Dolgoruky. Komabe, njira imeneyi anali oimira osakhutira wa Chernigov nthambi ya Rurik. Mu mgwirizano ndi Polovtsy izi akalonga Pereyaslavskaya anawononga dziko. Iwo ngakhale anathamangira ku Kiev, ndiye Jaropolk anapita kukambirana. Pereyaslavl unasamutsidwa wina wa mng'ono wake Andrei Vladimirovich mtundu, apo pomwe mu 1135-1141 biennium.

Tsoka zina za ukulu wa

Mu zaka za m'ma XII, pamaso potsiriza ogwirizana Lazaro unagawika maukulu ambiri. Ena cholowa anakhala kwathunthu palokha ku Kiev. Pereyaslavl a mtundu wa maukulu zazing'ono, komwe kulibe anakhazikitsa mafumu ake ndi mzinda ndi mayiko ozungulira mosintha anasintha olamulira chifukwa cha nkhondo zapachiweniweni ndi ma zamtendere.

Kulimbana waukulu dziko lino anali pakati pa Kiev, Rostov ndi Chernigov akazembe. Mu 1141-1149 gg. Pereyaslavl kulamulidwa ndi mwana ndi mdzukulu Mstislava Velikogo. Ndiye ukulu anadutsa ana a Yuriya Dolgorukogo, amene wapamtima achibale a mkulu ankalamulira Suzdal North-East Russia.

Mu 1239 Pereyaslavl anali pa njira Russia ankhondowo asilikaliwa. City (ndi ena ambiri) analandidwa ndi kuwonongedwa. Kenako ankakhala mokwanira achire ndi kukhala ndi likulu ndale. Pereyaslavl anali m'gulu chuma cha mkulu wa Kiev ndipo anasiya kugwira ntchito paokha. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIV, South Russia anali malingana Lithuania. Pomaliza Pereyaslavl ukulu anali linalanda kuti mu 1363.

Culture ndi chipembedzo

Old Russian Pereyaslavl ukulu, chikhalidwe amene anakumana pachimake mu zaka XI-XII., Yomwe ili m'dera la East Asilavo mapangano mafuko glades, northerners ndi Ulichi. akatswiri a zinthu zakale zokhudza iwo akupezeka mu mabeseni a Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel ndi Seversky Donets. Kwenikweni ali maliro achikunja khalidwe (Barrows, manda ndi T. D.).

Chikhristu anabwera Pereyaslavl, komanso m'mizinda ina Russian kumapeto kwa X m'zaka ubatizo wa Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Pali chiphunzitso zosatsimikiza ndi mu mzinda uwu chinali zogona loyamba metropolitans bola ngati Kiev alibe Hagia Sophia.

malonda

Economic ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko cha Pereyaslavl ukulu anali analimbikitsa ndi moyandikana ndi zamalonda, limene Russia malonda ndi maiko kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera. Chief mwa iwo anali mtsinje Dnieper mtsempha wamagazi yolumikiza wa Asilavo kum'mawa ndi Byzantium. Kuwonjezera njira "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki" Salt analinso njira imene kusinthanitsa ndi gombe la Azov ndi Black Sea. Pambuyo Pereyaslavschiny amalonda anafika mpaka kum'mawa Tmutarakani pang'ono Volga dera.

Ndi malonda opindulitsa chitetezo wakhala umodzi wa zinthu zazikulu mwapadera kuti chitetezo cha akalonga a dziko steppe. Apaulendo ndi zombo (kuphatikizapo Dnieper mathithi) Nthawi zambiri pansi matenda a wongosamukasamuka ndi achifwamba chabe. Choncho nyumba zokhalamo ndi midzi zinamangidwa chabe pa njira zamalonda. Pereyaslavl amalonda zombo mbali ya zikuluzikulu za Dnieper kudzera Trubezh. Pakamwa pa mtsinje panali paki malonda. Mu malo ake, akatswiriwa anapeza zidutswa za amphoras Greek.

mizinda

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya ukulu, kuwonjezera kwa Pereyaslavl, zinamangidwa Vladimirom Monomahom Oster tawuni polumikizira malonda mfundo ankhondo, Baruki Ksnyatin, Lukoml, komanso linga pa malo kuthetsa lero Miklashevsky. Ambiri a iwo a Posulskoy kumbuyo mzere envelopu kuchuluka kwa Sulu Dnieper. apitirira zinachitika nkhondo ya Batu.

The kukopa waukulu Pereyaslavl anali Cathedral Michael. Mumakhalako Prince anali pa Detinets. Palinso anakhala atsogoleri apamwamba a mzinda. Bishop bwalo anateteza mpanda wamiyala mabwinja amene anapulumuka ku nthawi yathu. Mofanana ndi mizinda ina akale, anthu ambiri ankakhala tenements lapansi. Akatswiriwa anapeza pali nkhani zambiri zamalonda ndi zamanja. mzindawu wakhala kawirikawiri kwa nthawi, msonkhano kupanga galasi.