Percussion zida: mayina ndi mitundu

Percussion zida, maina ndi mafotokozedwe m'nkhani ino, pamaso zida ina nyimbo. Iwo m'masiku akale anthu a ku Middle East ndi Africa kuti ayende kuvina pankhondo ndiponso chipembedzo kuvina. Percussion zida, amene mayina awo ali ambiri, ndi mitundu, masiku awa ndi zachilendo, popanda iwo sachita gulu loyimba iliyonse. Ena mwa iwo ndi anthu amene phokoso ndi opangidwa ndi lipenga.

Gawo

Malinga ndi ubwino wake nyimbo, ndiye kuti n'zotheka yopezera kumva pamwamba kusinthasintha, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2 mitundu yonse ya zida percussion, maina a omwe m'nkhani ino: a chosadziwika kutalika kwa phokoso (zinganga, ng'oma, etc.), Ndipo pamwamba ( xylophone, timpani). Iwo agawidwa malinga ndi mtundu vibrator (woomba thupi) pa kudziletsa woomba (castanets, Triangles, mbale etc.), The mbale (mabelu, vibes, xylophone neri Al.) Ndipo membranous (maseche, ng'oma, ng'oma ndi ena.).

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida percussion. Tiyeni tinene mawu ochepa zimene amasankha kamvekedwe ndi buku la liwu lawo.

Kodi Mzimuyo buku ndi timbre

buku phokoso la thupi woomba anatsimikiza ndi matalikidwe a oscillation ndi, i.e. mphamvu sitiroko, komanso kutalika kwa thupi lozungulira. Amveke oganiza ena zida zimatheka ndi Kuwonjezera resonators. Timbre, yomwe ndi mitundu ina ya zida percussion, kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Waukulu wa iwo - njira zimakhudzira, nkhani imene anapanga chida ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lozungulira.

Membranous percussion zida

Kumveka thupi imene Kakhungu kapena Kakhungu lidakali. Zikuphatikizapo percussion zida, amene mayina awo ali: maseche, ng'oma, zinganga, etc ..

Timpani

Timpani - chida kukhala phula, amene ali ndi zitsulo thupi mu mawonekedwe a kukatentha kwambiri. Kakhungu The opangidwa ndi zikopa loderako lidakali mu kumtunda kwa kukatentha kwambiri. Monga nembanemba panopa ntchito yopangidwa ndi zisulo polymeric Kakhungu wapadera. Iwo Ufumuyo thupi mwa zomangira ndi mavuto hoop. Circumferentially spaced zomangira iwo anamasulidwa kapena tensioned. Timpani kang'oma kakang'ono ndi kukhazikitsidwa motere: pamene kukoka dongosolo Kakhungu amakhala apamwamba, ngati inu kuchepetsa icho, icho m'munsi. Pofuna kusokoneza Kakhungu ndi kunjenjemera momasuka, pansi ali ndi dzenje ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya. Thupi la chida yopangidwa ndi mkuwa, mkuwa kapena zotayidwa. Timpani wokwera pa miyendo itatu - kuima wapadera.

Chida ichi ntchito oimba ena mwa m'ndandanda wa 2, 3, 4 kapena kuposa boilers zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira mamilimita 550 mpaka 700 a m'mimba mwake timpani ano. Pali mitundu zotsatirazi wa iwo: ngo, makina ndi wononga. Phazi ndi ambiri, ngati chida angakwanitse uzitulutsa nyimbo yomveka akhoza kukhala popanda kum'dula masewera ndi kukanikiza ngo. Pa timpani phokoso buku asanu pafupifupi wofanana. M'munsimu zina zazikulu kettledrum zonse kusintha.

Tulumbas

Tulumbas - lakale kang'oma kakang'ono (anabadwa timpani). Iye anatumikira m'zaka za m'ma XVII-XVIII usilikali, komwe ntchito kupereka chizindikiro chochenjeza. Mu mawonekedwe ndi gorshokoobrazny resonator. Umenewu amadza chida (mtundu timpani) akhale wa zitsulo, dongo kapena mtengo. Pamwamba ali ndi chikopa. Malinga yomanga imeneyi, anamenyedwa ndi zibonga matabwa. Zotsatira muffled phokoso chokhala chinachake Cannon mpirawo.

ng'oma

Likupitiriza kufotokoza percussion zida, amene maina awo kutchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino. Ng'oma ndi kalekale phula. Izi zosiyanasiyana zoimbira percussion. Mayina, mndandanda wa amene anapereka m'munsimu, zimaimira ng'oma (mitundu yosiyanasiyana). Kusiyanitsa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ng'oma loimba, yaikuluikulu Pop, ndi bongos, tom-tom-yoimba ndi ndondomeko.

Large loimba ng'oma ali ndi thupi cylindrical, kumbali zonse ndi pulasitiki kapena chikopa. Iwo amakhala ndi otsika, otsika, wamphamvu phokoso, kuchotsa kutenga nyundo yamtengo matabwa ndi nsonga mu mawonekedwe a mpira kapena chosiyanasiyana Ndinamverera. Pakuti nembanemba ng'oma lero anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito filimu pulasitiki mmalo mwa khungu zikopa. Ilo liri ndi katundu bwino nyimbo ndi lamayimbidwe ndi mphamvu apamwamba. Ife atathana ng'oma Kakhungu zomangira mavuto ndi zingerengere awiri. Thupi la chida cha amapangidwa plywood kapena pepala zitsulo TACHIMATA yokhuthala luso. Iye ali ndi kukula 680h365 mm. Large Pop ng'oma ali ndi kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe ofanana loimba. miyeso yake ndi 580h350 mm.

Small loimba ng'oma ndi lalifupi yamphamvu ndi mbali zonse ndi pulasitiki kapena chikopa. Kakhungu (nembanemba) wokwera nyumba njira clamping zomangira ndi zingerengere awiri. Kuphunzitsa yeniyeni phokoso wapadera chida chingwe kapena tailpiece (mwauzimu) omangika pa Kakhungu pansi. Iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo limagwirira Yambitsaninso. Ntchito zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kupanga ng'oma kwambiri bwino kudalirika ntchito, makhalidwe nyimbo ndi lamayimbidwe, ulaliki ndi kutalika kwa msonkhano. Small loimba ng'oma ali miyeso 340h170 mm. Iwo m'gulu zikuchokera magulu symphonic ndi asilikali. Small Pop ng'oma ali ndi chipangizo loimba ofanana. miyeso yake 356h118 mm.

Tom-tom ng'oma, yoimba ndi tom-tom-ndondomeko kwa chipangizo ndi osiyana. Iwo ntchito makhazikitsidwe mantha Pop. Ndi ndondomeko amamangiriridwa ku ng'oma lalikulu ndi bulaketi a. Tom-tom, yoimba wokwera pa chithandizo chapadera pansi.

Bongos - ndi ng'oma ndi kukula yaing'ono, pa dzanja limodzi kuti lidakali pulasitiki kapena chikopa. Kuphatikizapo mu unsembe zosiyanasiyana mantha. Bongi cholukanalukana adaputala azamagetsi.

Monga mukuonera, ndi ng'oma zambiri percussion zida. Mayina, mndandanda wa zomwe waperekedwa pamwamba, zikhoza wodzilemekeza ndi zina mitundu zochepa otchuka.

maseche

Buben - ndi cophimba (hoop) mbali imodzi ya zimene lidakali pulasitiki kapena chikopa. kagawo Special anapangidwa thupi la hoop lapansi. Iwo ananamizira mbale mkuwa pa pamaso pa laling'ono zinganga loimba. Mkati mwa hoop zina mizere yozungulira kapena twayini kuziluka kuziluka mphete yaing'ono, mabelu. Zonsezi tinkles pa kukhudza pang'ono mwala, kupanga phokoso wapadera kwambiri. Pa nkhonya Kakhungu kubala kanjedza dzanja lake lamanja (maziko ake) kapena mosavuta.

Diamondi ntchito limodzi nyimbo, kuvina. Mu East, virtuosity anafika luso kusewera chida ichi. Palinso amafikira payekha kusewera maseche. DJF, def kapena Hawaii - ndi Chiazebajani maseche, hawala kapena daf - Chiameniya, daira - Chijojiya, doira - Chitajiki ndi Chiuzibeki.

zida mbale percussion

Tipitirize kufotokoza percussion zida. Photos ndi maina ng'oma mbale ndi anapereka m'munsimu. zida zimenezi, kukhala ndi phula ena akhoza zimachitika xylophone, marimba (marimbaphone) metallophone, mabelu, chimes, vibraphone.

xylophone

Xylophone - akonzedwa mipiringidzo matabwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti afanane phokoso osiyana msinkhu. Wedges zopangidwa rosewood, spruce, mtedza, mapulo. Iwo anayikidwa mu kufanana mizere 4, potsatira dongosolo la lonse chromatic. wedges awa wokwera pa zingwe wolimba akasupe anasiyanitsidwa. Kudzera mabowo anapanga mu timitengo, chingwe akudutsa. Xylophone chifukwa masewerowo anaika pa tebulo mu chilungamo cha gaskets labala, amene anayikidwa pamodzi ndi chingwe chida. Iwo ankasewera ndi timitengo tiwiri matabwa, omwe thickening pa mapeto. Chida ichi ntchito akusewera ndi oimba ena kapena kusewera payekha.

Glockenspiel ndi marimba

Glockenspiel ndi marimba - kumakhalanso zida percussion nyimbo. Photos ndi maina iwo chilichonse inu mukuti? Tikupereka kuti adziwane nawo.

Metallophone - choimbira, ofanana xylophone, koma mbale wake phokoso amapangidwa ndi zitsulo (mkuwa kapena mkuwa). Photos anapereka m'munsimu izo.

Marimba (marimbaphone) - chida chimene zinthu woomba ndi mbale matabwa. Komanso anapereka resonators zitsulo tubular kuti azimveka phokoso.

Marimba ali kufewa, kamvekedwe zofewa. Osiyanasiyana kulira kwake - 4 octaves. Kagawo mbale wa chida anapangidwa kuchokera rosewood. Imakhala nyimbo zabwino ndi makhalidwe lamayimbidwe wa chida cha. The Nkhani imakonzedwa pa mbale chimango. Mu mzere woyamba - wofunikila kamvekedwe mbale, ndipo chachiwiri - halftone. Resonators anaika mu 2 mizere pa chimango ndi kusintha kwa pafupipafupi cha phokoso la mbale kake. Photos of chida ichi anapereka m'munsimu.

Thandizo ophimba ndi kuliika marimba mfundo zofunika. Chimango cha bogie wapangidwa aluminiyamu. Limapereka mphamvu zokwanira ndi kulemera osachepera. Marimba kuigwiritsa ntchito pa maphunziro komanso masewera a akatswiri.

vibraphone

chida ichi - akonzedwa mbale zotayidwa, chromatically anatsekula, zomwe zili mu mizere 2 ndi fanizo limba kiyibodi. Pa mkulu tebulo (chimango) akonzedwa mbale ndi kulumikiza ndi zingwe. Pakati pa aliyense wa iwo zili cylindrical resonators mtengo ena. Kudutsa mu kumtunda kwa olamulira pa zimene wokwera veerochki zimakupiza (impeller). Popeza kugwedera kwa zimatheka. The chipangizo gawo lotetezedwa ali chida ichi. Izo ndi zolumikizana ndi ngo pansi pa kama, kuti athe muffle mwendo phokoso. Vibraphone ndinkasewera ndi 2, 3, 4, ndi zina zazikulu chiwerengero ndodo yaitali, ndi malekezero a mipira mphira. Chida ichi ntchito mu nthetemya oketsra, koma nthawi zambiri - mu soda kapena ngati chida payekha. Photos anapereka m'munsimu izo.

mabelu

Mothandizidwa ndi ena zida percussion akhoza idzaseweredwe mu gulu la oimba a mabelu akulira? Olondola yankho - belo. Izi ndi mndandanda wa zida percussion kuti ntchito nthetemya ndipo sewero la oketsra kwa cholinga ichi. Bell zigwirizana akonzedwa (12 mpaka 18 zidutswa) wa machubu cylindrical amene chromatically anatsekula. Kawirikawiri, mapaipi zitsulo hrominovannye kapena faifi tambala-yokutidwa mkuwa. awiri chawo n'chochokera kwa 25 38 mm. Iwo anapachikidwa pa wapadera chimango-atali, amene kutalika pafupifupi 2 m. Nkhonya tidakulizirani chitoliro matabwa nyundo yotengedwa phokoso. Bell anapereka ndi chipangizo wapadera (ngo-damper) kwa damping phokoso.

mabelu

Ndi kang'oma kakang'ono ongokhala mbale zitsulo 23-25 anatsekula chromatically. Iwo anayikidwa mu masitepe a mizere 2 bokosi mosabisa. Mafungulo wakuda pa limba ndi zogwirizana ndi mzere chapamwamba, ndipo woyera - pansi.

Self-woomba percussion zida

Kuyankhula za kodi percussion zida (mayina ndi mitundu), osati kutchula ng'oma kudzikonda ovuta. Mitundu ndi monga zipangizo zotsatirazi: zinganga, tam-Tama, Triangles, maseche, maracas, castanets, ndi ena.

mbale

Mbale - gudumu ndi yasiliva faifi tambala kapena mkuwa. Zingapo ozungulira mawonekedwe zooneka litayamba trays. Chikopa zomangira Ufumuyo pakati. Wopitiriza kulira phokoso pamene akumenya mnzake. Nthawi zina ntchito mbale chomwecho. Ndiye phokoso la lipenga kuchotsedwa waya burashi kapena Wand. Akupezeka mu trays loimba, "lolira" ndi "Charleston". Malipenga akulira zikuchepa.

Tiuzeni zomwe aliyense ali percussion zida. Photos ndi dzina ndipo kulongosola kukuthandizani kuwadziwa.

makona oketsra

Triangle loimba (chithunzi iwo anapereka m'munsimu) - uyu ndi lotseguka zitsulo bala triangular mawonekedwe. Chida ichi ndi mtima wonse zizikhala masewera, ndiyeno anagunda zitsulo ndodo, motero kuchita chito zosiyanasiyana mungoli. Kulira, kulira yowala ndi kansalu. Izo ntchito mu ensembles zosiyanasiyana ndi oimba. Triangles zilipo ndi timitengo tiwiri zopangidwa ndi zitsulo.

Lolira kapena tam-tam - ndi chimbale mkuwa ndi kumalire yokhota kumapeto. Kutenga nyundo yamtengo kukhala mwake nsonga kugunda pakati pace. Likukhalira mdima, wakuda ndi wandiweyani phokoso, kufika mphamvu zonse pang'onopang'ono, osati nthawi yomweyo pambuyo mmene.

Castanets ndi maracas

Castanets (zithunzi za iwo pansipa) - ndi wowerengeka chida mu Spain. Chosemedwa izi chida wakale percussion ndi chipolopolo kugwirizana chingwe. Mmodzi wa iwo anakumana ndi ozungulira (concave) mbali inayo. Amachita a pulasitiki kapena yolimba. Castanets kubala umodzi kapena iwiri.

Maracas - ndi mipira ya pulasitiki kapena matabwa, wodzazidwa ndi kuwombera (wochepa ndalama zitsulo) ndi zokongola chokongoletsedwa kunja. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi chogwirira kotero kuti pa masewera iwo anali omasuka kugwira. Various dongosolo rhythmic akhoza chinaonekeranso mwa kugwirana maracas. Iwo ntchito makamaka mu soda gulu, koma nthawi zina oimba.

Maseche - izo zinaikidwa amodzi pa mbale wa nkhuni zinganga yaing'ono.

Ichi ndi zazikulu mutu percussion zida. Kumene, umene pali zambiri. Tinakambirana za wotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka.

Drum akonzedwa, amene ali zosiyanasiyana gulu loyimba

Pofuna kuti ankamvetsa bwino gulu la zida, izo ndi kofunika kudziwa zida zikuchokera ng'oma (likulowa). Ambiri ndi zikuchokera izi: yaikuluikulu ng'oma, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono mbale wosakwatiwa, wophatikizidwa mbale Hei chipewa ( "Charleston"), bongos, tom-tom Alto, ndondomeko, tom-tom ndi tom-tom-yoimba.

Pansi pamaso akaimbeyo wayikidwa lalikulu ng'oma ndi mayendedwe a mtendere wa miyendo. Pamwamba pa ng'oma mwina atathana ntchito m'mabokosi tom-tom ng'oma Alto ndi ndondomeko tom-tom. Komanso amatithandiza zina chimene chili mbale loimba. Zolimba pa lalikulu ng'oma tom-tom Alto ndi ndondomeko tom-tom m'mabokosi zonse msinkhu wawo.

Makina ngo - mbali ya yoimba ng'oma. Wojambula ntchito amachotsa phokoso la chida ichi nyimbo. Kwenikweni m'gulu ng'oma anapereka Pop ng'oma yaing'ono. Iwo Ufumuyo ndi tacks atatu oikapo: retractable wina ndi yopindika awiri. Kukhazikika kuima pansi. kapamwamba ichi, chimene chaperekedwa kwa kukonza mu malo n'chiyani, komanso chipangizo msampha kuweramira lanu.

Pa msampha ali ndi silencer ndipo bwererani chipangizo, amene ntchito kusintha kamvekedwe. Kuphatikizanso ng'oma zida zina chikuphatikizaponso tenors wa tom-tom, violas tom-tom ndi tom-tom ng'oma zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Komanso, ng'oma zida (chithunzi ichi chili m'munsimu) zikutanthauza umembala wake loimba zinganga ndi maimidwe, mpando ndi kuima mawotchi kuti "Charleston". Maracas, Triangles, castanets ndi zipangizo zina ndi phokoso zokhudzana ndi zida zimene unsembe.

zobwezeretsa ndi Chalk

Kulekera Chalk ndi mbali percussion zida ingakhale monga iyi: kanjedza loimba zinganga, Msampha ng'oma, yolira "Charleston" litavrovye amakhala makina beater ng'oma (lalikulu), amakhala kwa ng'oma ang'ono zosiyanasiyana drumsticks loimba burashi, clappers ndi kusenda kwa yoimba ng'oma, malamba, wallets.

Shock-keyboards

M'pofunika kusiyanitsa mantha-keyboards ndi zida percussion. Kuti mantha modziletsa amatanthauza pianos. zingwe limba anaikidwa horizontally, izo udzaphwanya nyundo kuchokera pansi mmwamba. Limba ndi osiyana mu nyundo amenya malangizo a woyimba pa zingwe pamodzi. zingwe ndiye anatambasula ndege choimirira. Limba ndi piano zikumveka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu phokoso ndi kutalika, komanso mwayi waukulu Zida pamodzi kudziwika. Zida onse angatchedwe mawu amodzi - "limba". Limba - ndi zingwe kang'oma kakang'ono malinga ndi njira yopezera phokoso.

Rocker limagwirira kuti ntchito mmenemu ndi dongosolo la levers kugwirizana ndi mzake, amene akutumikira popereka zingwe mphamvu zala limba. Amakhala ndi zimango ndi kiyibodi. Kiyibodi - ya makiyi, chiwerengero cha zomwe zingasiyane malingana osiyanasiyana phokoso la chida. Chinsinsi maonekedwe mwachizolowezi mbale pulasitiki. Kenako ntchito zikhomo wokwera pa chimango kiyibodi. Aliyense wa makiyi ali zisindikizo patsogolo, woyendetsa, kapu ndi chikuto. Iwo transmits monga ndalezo za mtundu woyamba wa mphamvu limba pa mawonekedwe a zimango. Zimango - nyundo kanthu anatembenuzidwa kuti akanthe zingwe nyundo ndi woimba mphamvu pamene chofunika kwambiri mbamuikha. The nyundo ndi opangidwa hornbeam ndi mapulo, anaona makhalidwe zomatira mutu wao.