Protectionism. Njira ya boma protectionism amanena kuti?

Aliyense boma kuti akufuna zosakhala ayenera kusamalira chigawo chuma moyo. Imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri ndi protectionism.

protectionism ndi chiyani?

Otchedwa chitetezo chuma cha boma, lomwe kumaonekera chakuti msika zoweta dziko ndi lotetezeka ku imports katundu yachilendo mu izo. Anapanga Kukwezeleza wolowa ndi kuwonjezeka mpikisano wa mankhwala mu misika ya kunja. Ndi ndondomeko yake imeneyi anamasuliridwa mu kukula zachuma.

Komanso ali ndi boma protectionism negative. Mtengo wake akhoza kusintha pa kosiyana ufalikire chuma, ngati unceremoniously kukokera bulangeti yekha, monga uyu adzachititsa kubwezera ochokera m'mayiko ena.

Chifukwa protectionism wochititsidwa?

cholinga chake ndi kuwalimbikitsa kukula kwa chuma cha dziko, komanso mpikisano yachilendo mwa njira chitetezo sanali tariff. Ndi kukula kudalirana kwa dziko kukhalanso ndi mfundo zokwanira za protectionism n'chofunika kwambiri kuonjezera mpikisano wa katundu ku misika zoweta ndi achilendo. Pamene mphamvu ndi zomveka zochita za chitetezo mfundo poyera kumalo a ntchito adzalola iwo mwamsanga ndi mogwira azolowere zinthu kusintha kwa zachuma.

Zimenezi zikutiuza nkhaniyo?

Mu nthawi zosiyana za maphunziro onse zikusintha malamulo ake zachuma. Anasamukira ku ufulu wochita malonda, ndi protectionist. Komabe, palibe boma malamulo a protectionism konse konse sunatenge kwakukulu mawonekedwe. Choncho, kwathunthu chuma lotseguka, m'pofunika kuti pakhale kayendedwe ka katundu, luso, likulu ndi ntchito popanda malamulo alionse. Ndipo izi zilili ali zina zabwino zake, chifukwa cha zomwe sizinali chirichonse chonga izo bungwe. Choncho, Mtheradi boma protectionism - ndi chinachake kuchokera yopeka. Tsopano boma lililonse nthawi zolowa chuma m'dziko lawo. Ngakhale kuti misa ndi atchedwe omasukirana a chuma, mu, popeza chivundikirocho ndi zovuta kwambiri protectionism boma zokonda chuma.

njakata

Chochititsa chidwi ongolankhula vuto ndi kusankha chimene bwino - protectionism kapena malonda kwaulere. Choncho, ubwino woyamba ndi kuti amalola kukhala ndi makampani dziko. Free malonda akhoza kudzitama kuti akuyerekeza ndalama za mitundu ndi mayiko. Ndipo mapeto zosaoneka m'mphepete mwa kutsutsana chimene chili bwino.

Ngati tikambirana chitukuko cha vuto limeneli, ndi Dziwani kuti isanafike 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, dziko pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuthandiza ufulu wochita malonda ndi liberalization itakula. Koma popeza anakonza azimuth zosiyana. Motero, boma anatseka okha ku ena ntchito tariffs chipangizo ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana kuteteza ndalama zake ku mpikisano yachilendo.

mitundu ya chitetezo

Chomwecho monga chandamale anapereka okha limati osiyana, Kutembenukira kwa protectionism? Pa peculiarities kulola ife kuweruza protections. Okwana pali awiri:

1. Real nthawi chitetezo. Ntchito kuchinga ku mpikisano yachilendo ya mafakitale kuti n'zofunika njira kwa chuma cha dziko (ulimi, makampani chitetezo), lili ndi kufunika kwambiri anthu amavutika (monga nkhondo).
2. chitetezo zosakhalitsa. Ntchito kutsekeramo mankhwala nsomba kuti posachedwapa zinalengedwa, mpaka iwo amakhala khola kuti adzatha bwinobwino mpikisano ndi malo ofanana ndi mayiko ena.

Zikhoza kumwedwa miyezo yoyenera, ngati abwenzi malonda kuti anayambitsa zina zoletsa protectionist nawo. Zolaula boma protectionism - ndi muyeso kuti pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumatanthauza anachita. Mtundu wa linanena bungwe kungakhale propaganda kugula mankhwala m'banja popanda mphamvu malamulo alionse.

mitundu ya protectionism

Mu mawonekedwe zinthu zimene kulibe? Pali njira zinayi:

1. Kusankha protectionism. Kumatanthauza chitetezo ina mankhwala / boma.
2. Makampani protectionism. Zikuphatikizapo chitetezo cha zinthu zina chuma (mwachitsanzo, ulimi).
3. Onse protectionism. Amenewa amanena za chitetezo tonse mayiko angapo amene ogwirizana mgwirizano ndi.
4. Chobisika protectionism. Zimatanthauza chitetezo pa nthawi yomwe alibe ntchito njira mwambo, kuphatikizapo amene Zimachititsa wopanga zoweta.

protectionism zamakono

Zimatanthauza sanali tariff ndi miyambo tariff kumvera. Ntchito yaikulu ya boma m'munda wa malonda ndi kuthandiza Waogula Zinthu Kunja kwa kugulitsa katundu ku misika ya kunja ndi kuwonjezeka mpikisano awo, komanso malamulo tanthauzo ndi ntchito njira kuchepetsa chikoka cha zinthu zakunja mu dziko. Pankhaniyi, ambiri mwa njira lamulo anachita zonse imports. Otsala a mphamvu katundu.

Ponena za zoletsa tariff, ziyenera anati pali kokha ntchito ndi quotas. Ndizo zonse kuti boma miyeso protectionism monga ndipo palibe kubisala. Onse lolunjika pa izo, zonse imports. Koma kunena protectionism ndipo sanali tariff miyeso zikuphatikizapo chiletso. Zimatanthauza quotas, pulogalamuyo, zogula boma zofunika zosiyanasiyana pamaso pa zigawo m'dera mlanduwo luso, misonkho malipiro omwe sanali anthu, kukhuthula, ang'onoang'ono ndi Kuyamikira katundu. Amatanthauza kwa muyeso wa boma protectionism. Iwo amachitira ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo ang'onoang'ono a kufunika koma chifukwa m'chipani cha ntchito ndi kulunjika, iwo adzakhala zasiyidwa m'nkhani ino. Mwa njira, tikhoza kunena kuti boma protectionism ndi miyeso zikuphatikizapo imposition wa ziletso poyerekezera ndi maiko ena. Koma ili ndi nkhani loti kugwirizana panobe.

State protectionism ku Russia: zinthu zikusinthira ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko

Malinga ndi miyambo ndi malamulo tariff tisaiwale kuti ikuchitika kumayambiriro umisiri watsopano kuti n'zotheka kuti makonzedwe bwino ndi kuyan'anila zilili. Pa munda sanali tariff likukula ntchito njira yeniyeni pansi pa ulamuliro. Pankhaniyi, pali kuganizira za katundu wa ntchito zina zamakono, mankhwala ndi umisiri.

Yaitali n'kofunika nzeru chitukuko. Makamaka kufunika kwake ukuwonjezeka ndi kutopa mwapang'onopang'ono mphamvu angathe zinthu zina. mfundo luso pazikhalanso chilengedwe cha zinthu zimene kukula ndi kukhala gawo yogwira ndalama kuti umalimbana kuyambitsa mankhwala ndi njira khalidwe latsopano. Mapeto a uwu udzakhala yofunika kwambiri mu Nsanja ya kuwongolera moyo.

Zofunika zosoŵa za anthu ndi kuthandiza mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe. Mukhoza ntchito kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zotchinga utsogoleri, zosabvuta pa njira zopelekedwa (kulembetsa ndi kutseka malonda a), kuchepetsa mndandanda wa zinthu zimene amafuna chilolezo. Potsilizira pake, kufunika amayesetsa kupanga wokongola chilengedwe ndalama. Mosalephera ndi kuchepetsa wonse katundu msonkho pa mabizinezi. Ngakhale sitingathe kunena kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi kunena miyeso protectionism nayo.