Makulidwe nyimbo: ndi mayina mitundu. Kugunda mu nyimbo

Munthu aliyense, amene akuphunzira nyimbo ndipo nthawi zonse amapita phunziro la kalembedwe nyimbo ndi solfege. Ndipo mmodzi wa amenyana ndi kukula kwa nyimbo. Kenako tikambirana mitundu yaikulu, njira ya mtima ndipo ena kuphatikiza ambiri.

Lingaliro la mita nyimbo

Asanapereke tanthauzo la zomwe ndi nthawi siginecha, muyenera kukhala ndi Kuganizira mfundo anacemerwa mita nyimbo.

Akukhulupirira kuti onse nyimbo zachokera otchedwa ripple - kusinthana ofanana gawo la nthawi zomwe kungakhale olimba ndi ofooka. Amphamvu gawo nthawi zonse pa malo oyamba mwanzeru. Koma tisaganize kuti ndi kumenyedwa amphamvu ndi Chitaliyana, monga kusankha angathe mlandu ndi kumenyedwa ofooka.

Mu nyimbo yofanana ndi zambiri angapezeke meters, wopangidwa mwa lobes awiri kapena atatu. Mawu osavuta mita bilobate tichipeza wamphamvu ndi chimodzi kugunda ofooka (imodzi-awiri) ndipo mita patatu - wamphamvu ndi awiri ofooka (mmodzi, ziwiri, zitatu). Choncho, mita nyimbo akhoza kukhala m'kati ochuluka a alternations kapenanso monga mtundu wa gululi zosakhalitsa ndi ndondomeko zafotokozeredwa magawo ake anafotokoza.

Mitundu ya magawo ndi mitundu awo

Kumvetsa bwino zimene ndi nthawi siginecha, n'zosatheka popanda chidziwitso cha gawo mitundu. Monga zanenedwa, iwo ali mu vuto losavuta anawagawa zabwino ndi zofooka.

Komabe, ena anganene, iwo amati, koma zimene ndi kukula ambiri 4/4? Mu nyimbo, akukhulupirira kuti gawo loyamba ali wamphamvu, chachiwiri ndi wachinayi - ofooka, koma lachitatu - ndi amphamvu. kukula pawokha ndi zovuta, chifukwa tichipeza primes awiri. Koma izi ayankhidwa payokha.

Kugunda mu nyimbo

Tsopano mawu ochepa za tanthauzo la mwanzeru. Mawu osavuta, kugunda nyimbo - ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso lochokera kwa wina ndi mzake downbeat.

Ziribe kanthu momwe izo zinafotokozedwa mu nthawi siginecha ya magawo okwana mu mkombero akhoza kupezeka chimodzi chokha downbeat ndi chiwerengero cha mphamvu wachibale ndi zofooka. Nkhani kuzungulira nthawi zonse akuyamba ndi "nthawi." Malinga ndi kukula, chiwerengero akhoza ankaona ngati "m'modzi-awiri" ( "chimodzi ziwiri zitatu"), "limodzi ndi awiri ndi" ( "nthawi ndi awiri ndi zitatu ndi"), etc. . d.

Nthawi siginecha mu nyimbo: mitundu chachikulu

Pomaliza, ife titembenukira kwa lingaliro la kukula. Makulidwe nyimbo limatchedwa n'zosangalatsa kumva mawu mita kusonyeza nthawi wachibale ndi kugawana kuchuluka kwawo chokwanira mwa mkombero wina.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo nthawi wachibale? Koma chifukwa cholowa lingathetsedwe pansi m'zigawo, omwe sasamalira mita nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, 4/4 nyimbo, anaika zilembo Latin «C», amapereka mkombero wina wopangidwa mwa zolemba anayi kotala kuchuluka kwa.

Koma aliyense cholemba kotala akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati ma eighths, sixteenths sate-wachiwiri kapena sikisite chachinayi zolemba! Kodi iwo adzakhala pamodzi ndi mzake, aganiza kuti wolemba yekha. Chinthu chachikulu - kuti ndalama zawo alibe olumpha nthawi okwana phokoso ofanana kumpanda wa zinayi. Koma izi ndizosowa kulemba nyimbo.

Koma mitundu waukulu, nthawi siginecha ya nyimbo anawagawa yosavuta zovuta. Miyeso chipangizo monga komanso gulu la osokonezeka, si symmetrical, ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zambiri anasaina nthawi

Kuchokera pa luntha la mita, n'zotheka kufotokoza miyeso, nyimbo limangolembedwa otchedwa. Iwo kusiyanitsa bilobate ndi triplex. Mbali yoyamba, kubwerezabwereza wa gawo amphamvu zichitike kudzera wofooka, ndipo lachiwiri - awiri.

The makulidwe ambiri amaona bilobate 2/8, 2/4 ndi 2/2 (2/2 kukula kwa nyimbo komanso 2/8, ali osowa kwambiri ndipo ankaona basi monga mbali ya nzeru ongolankhula). Mamita ternary, awa 3/4, 3/8 ndi 3/2. Kachiwiri, miyeso ya 3/2 kapena 3/8 si ntchito, ndi kukula kwa "atatu-kota" ndi ambiri (mwachitsanzo, izo ntchito pafupifupi Waltz onse).

Zovuta anasaina nthawi

miyeso zovuta zinachitikira losavuta, tiyenera kuwamva monga mgwirizano wa anthu awiri kapena kuposa yosavuta. Pankhaniyi, ndi kugunda loyamba la gawo loyamba ndi wamphamvu ndipo ngati gawo amphamvu wachiwiri basi amasuntha m'gulu la ndi amphamvu.

The makulidwe zovuta zovuta kumvetsa ndi kukula ngati 4/4, 4/2, 6/4, 6/2, 6/8, 12/8, 8/4, 8/8. Monga mukuonera, makulidwe izi mofanana ndi mzake, mwachitsanzo, 8/8 - ndi chinthu chomwecho monga 4/4.

Wosanganiza ndi asymmetrical anasaina nthawi

Chinthu china - wosanganiza makulidwe. Mu nyimbo, ndi five- zambiri, seven-, nine- ndi odinnadtsatidolnye kuphatikiza. Ndi ndondomeko ya tuzigawo twa, motero, akhoza kuyang'ana chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, 5/4.

Polenga kukula likugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza losavuta: 2/4 ndi 3/4. Koma kuphatikiza akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe ndi "3 + 2" ndi "3 + 2". Choncho, pali kuchepetsa kwa kugunda amphamvu.

Kwambiri, mwina, yowala ndi odziwika bwino nyimbo olembedwa kukula ndi osakaniza "3 + 2" angatchedwe "Aria Marii Magdaliny" pa thanthwe za zisudzo Endryu Lloyda Webber a "Iisus Hristos - opsa".

Koma miyeso ina, imene ma foni. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, 7/8 nthawi siginecha chingakhale a mbali ya "2 + 2 + 3", "2 + 3 + 2" kapena "3 + 2 + 2". Mu miyeso nine- ndi odinnadtsatidolnyh a kusintha, motero, zambiri. Koma pamene munakonza nyimbo ndi ntchito kukula ngati M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti womvera pafupifupi pa kumva nyimbo iyi amaona movutikira, ndipo khalani simungathe aliyense.

Ngakhale, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa magulu kusewera woimba zitsulo, iwo akulimbana nawo zabwino basi, ndipo nthawi zambiri ophatikizana "ovutika" riffs ndi ochiritsira yosavuta kapena miyeso zovuta.

Mwachitsanzo, gulu lomweli Xentrix bwino taphunzira gawo 3/4 ndi atatu eighths pa gawo ndi 7/8, nthawi zina kuwonjezera 9/8. Mwachibadwa, womverayo osakonzekera kudziwa kukula kwa khutu ku nthawi yoyamba sizidzakhala zophweka, koma izo zikumveka kwambiri, chidwi kwambiri. Ambiri, tingachipeze powerenga polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Variable anasaina nthawi

Mtundu wa miyeso nyimbo n'zochepa kwambiri, ndipo makamaka mu folklore dziko nyimbo. Chibugariya Folk Songs - chitsanzo omveka.

Lingaliro kwambiri akuti zikutanthauza yekha kuti zikuchokera kwa kukula m'munsi zingasiyane ndi kangapo Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ochiritsira angapo zovuta zingapo miyeso asymmetrical.

Njira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa

Kudziwa kukula womvera kwa amadalira nzeru khutu lake ndi lingaliro la mungoli. Njira yokhayo kuzindikira kumene zikumveka downbeat, imene muyenera kuyamba.

Komabe, pafupifupi sukulu zonse nyimbo maphunziro khutu maphunziro ophunzira ntchito njira yapadera wochita. Mwachitsanzo, 4/4 zikufotokozedwa monga m'mwamba dzanja pansi poyamba, ndiyeno - lamanzere, ndiye - kachiwiri lamanja ndi oposa (amangoona madigiri 45).

Firii kotala - chikusesa pansi, chabwino ndi mmwamba. Six eighths - kukupiza pansi, anachoka, chabwino, ndiye, ndipo awiri pamwamba pomwe zithunzi chizindikiro (kapena osakaniza zina). Komabe, poyamba, kudziwa kutalika kwa kumvetsera ndi kulemba dictations aphunzitsi kukhala ophunzira tanthauzo la mungoli, mwadala zimatulutsa kugunda amphamvu aliyense muyeso. Ndi njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti anthu zam'tsogolo kudziwa mtundu wa gawo lililonse (ngakhale kutenga nkhani kusinthana awo) paokha ndipo popanda kumvera pa kulankhula kapena malangizo.

Pomaliza

Ngati inu mzere, mwina kudziŵika kuti kukula kwa nyimbo chimakhudzana kwambiri zogwirizana ndi nzeru za nyimbo mita, gawo ndi mipiringidzo. Choncho, kuphunzira mmene kufotokoza bwino zimene ndendende gawo la oganiza ntchito iliyonse nyimbo, popanda ndizosowa kulemba nyimbo ndi maphunziro khutu ili yofunika kwambiri.

Komabe, ophunzira ambiri, makamaka poyamba, maphunziro khutu, kuziyika izo modekha, sindimakonda, kuganizira mofatsa zosafunika ndi zovuta kumvetsa. Komabe, ndiye maziko kwambiri yomwe imapereka nthaka yachonde mapangidwe munthu woimba wa mlingo wokweretsa akatswiri. Ndipotu, ngakhale Richi Blekmor, woyimba gitala omveka dziko, amene anachita magulu odziwika bwino monga Nato Pepo ndi Rainbow, amanena kuti liwiro la kayendedwe ka zala pa fingerboard - izo si njira. Popanda chidziwitso ndi malamulo chakale nyimbo kugwira ntchito mlingo wapamwamba sangathe.

Kotero kuti oimba novice angathe analangiza kuti kuleza mtima ndi kulimbikira ndi kuphunzira nkhani zimenezi bwinobwino. Mu maphunziro music, ngati ine anganene choncho, - monga "Atate wathu."