Nyumba Kievan Lazaro

M'zaka za m'ma IX anthu Asilavo anasonkhana pansi limodzi mphamvu kalonga, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale a achinyamata ndi wamphamvu boma - Kievan Lazaro. nthawi Akatswiri a mbiri yakale mwambo umenewu kwa chaka 862. The heyday wa Kievan Lazaro anali amatchedwanso pa zina "mizinda ya dziko," adayamba pakati pa IX ndipo zinatha mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XII.

Nyumba Kievan Lazaro, komanso mabuku, anapanga mchikakamizo cha chikhulupiriro watsopano, koma ulusi wowala mwa mbiri yonse ya wakale cholowa achikunja akutambasula nthawi imeneyi. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi ambiri mapulani katswiri. Losaiwalika zomangamanga wakale, muli mpesa, frescoes pachiyambi, pamakoma sculpted ndi zokongoletsera zagolide chodabwitsa-matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono. Ambiri a iwo anapulumuka lero.

Kamangidwe wapadera Kievan Lazaro - ndi kudalirana zabwino zonse mu chikhalidwe cha mafuko East Asilavo, wamkulu Ufumu wa Byzantium, mafuko wosamukasamuka, komanso zawo. Amisiri wa Russia wakale amakuonani ndi kalembedwe kuti akadali ooneka malingaliro a ana. Nyumba yonse ya Kievan Lazaro zisungidwe Kiev ano. Zikuoneka kuti malo awa lili katswiri zonse zofunika za nthawi, monga Mpingo wa Chachikhumi, St. Sophia Cathedral, ndi Golden Chipata kwa Mpingo wa Annunciation, ndi ena ambiri.

Great Baptist Kievan Lazaro Prince Vladimir mu 996, ndi ndalama zake kumanga mpingo zazikulu za Chachikhumi ndi. Pakuti yokonza iye, anasankha chakhumi cha ndalama zawo, ntchito kutchedwa - chakhumi, mpingo ku mawu nalo dzina lake. Iye anapatsidwa mu mbiri ya cholinga chachikulu. Old Russian mamangidwe a dongosolo chowululidwa mu ulemerero wake onse.

Ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mtanda ozungulira, shestiyarusnaya. Omangika pa zana a miyala, mkati anali ndi zithunzi zokongola m'makoma chigulu cha kukongola, Zithunzi ndi za nsangalabwi. Poyamba, Limodzi Mpingo bungwe Kalonga m'manda. Apa, mkazi wa Vladimir anaikidwa m'manda, kalonga Byzantine, Anna, ndipo anamwalira mu 1015. Ndiye apa anatitumiza mabwinja a lodziwika bwino Mfumukazi Olga. Mkati mwa Mpingo chikuphatikizapo iconostasis, mitanda ndi zina zipangizo mpingo, umene unali wabwino kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo.

Luso Kievan Lazaro anagunda kuyengedwa ndi kuti akhale mmisiri wa amisiri wakale m'deralo. tsoka mpingo zinali zomvetsa chisoni ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XI izo kuonongeka ndi moto ndiyeno pansi owonongedwa mobwerezabwereza. Mu 1240 Batu Khan anatenga Kiev, sanalekerere kachisi ndi inawonongedwa Mpingo wa Chachikhumi.

Pakati pa Kiev Ancient akadali wokometsedwera St. Sophia Cathedral. Iye limaonekera kuchokera kutali, ndipo mzikiti ake yokutidwa ndi golide, woyamikiridwa ndi kunyadira mfundo zimenezi zodabwitsa kukongola chipilala anasunga lero. Iye - malo a Haji okhulupirira, ndipo limodzi la waukulu zokopa mbiri ya likulu. nkhani yake si kwapafupi, izo wakhalanso mobwerezabwereza agwidwa panthawi ya nkhondo, kuphatikizapo mu 1240 asilikali a Batu, koma nthawi iliyonse ananyamuka mabwinja. Mu 1740 izo kwathunthu kumangidwanso, ndipo maonekedwe ake pano akadali amakondwera ndi maganizo ake zidzasintha wakale. Pafupi ndi St. Sophia Cathedral ndi Golden Chipata. Izi wophiphiritsa wakale chipilala, kumene kumasonyeza mamangidwe a Kievan Lazaro.

The chipata nkhope ya mzinda ndi ankagwiritsa ntchito mwamwambo, miyambo khomo Kiev akale. Nyumbazi zimamangidwa kum'mwera kwa mzinda wa Kiev Prince Yaroslav anzeru 1037. Monga chitetezo zina, pa chipata anali anakumba ngalande mamita 15 m'lifupi ndi akuya mamita 8. Golden Gate - ndi weniweni linga nsanja kuyenda mpaka mamita 7.5. Ife anapulumuka pilasters wamphamvu, wakale makoma mamita 9,5 mkulu. Chidwi Chipata Mpingo wa Annunciation pa Chipata. Icho chinali chizindikiro cha Nyumbayi Mkhristu. M'mabwinja kafukufuku wa Golden Chipata kudabwa asayansi apeza zotsalira za ulemerero wake: zojambula Zojambula pakhoma, cubes wowala wa glazes mandala, makombo a zithunzi. Smalt anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ulemerero wa akachisi Ancient. Ancient mapulani ankakonda kwa durability wake kwambiri komanso kukongola kwa mtundu sewero lomwe okonzeka zopangidwa zotsatira moyo kukulowa.

Mosakayikira, mu nyengo imeneyi ya m'mbiri ya luso la Kievan Lazaro anafika chitukuko lake lalikulu, ndipo umboni ndi zipilala chodabwitsa cha nthawi imeneyo.