Pellagra - ndi ... Chifukwa ndi zizindikiro za pellagra

Pellagra - matenda amene kumaonekera chifukwa chosowa mavitamini kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi chifukwa chosowa kapena akusowa mu zakudya zomanga thupi, niacin ndi kwa amino asidi tryptophan.

Disease ongoyendayenda chiwerengero chomwecho achikulire ndi ana omwe. Makamaka odwala zigawo osauka a anthu. Pellagra akhoza molimba amatchedwa matenda atatu Q - dermatitis, kutsekula m'mimba, maganizo, mu English zambiri amatchedwa matenda maumboni 4 ndi anthu d anawonjezera kumapeto kwa imfa (imfa).

asidi Nicotinic ndi pellagra

Mutatha kuwerenga, anthu ambiri sakumvetsa, kodi chikonga, amene ndi oopsa kwambiri poizoni. Koma ndithu, nicotinic asidi - ndi vitamini kofunika kuti n'chofunikira yaikulu kugwira ntchito kwa thupi la munthu. Mu wamanjenje dongosolo zolandilira yeniyeni alipo, zotsatira za amene akungoyamba ndi proviso kuti thupi okwanira kuchuluka kwa asidi nicotinic, umene umatulutsa mabakiteriya achindunji m'matumbo anthu. Koma, ngakhale kuti niacin (asidi nicotinic) ali utsi fodya, pali chosiyana choncho mankhwala ake ndi poizoni ndithu. Kwa izo zowawa ziwalo, akhoza kukhala matenda osiyanasiyana mu amayi apakati, mawonetseredwe matenda osiyanasiyana. matenda pellagra angasonyeze mu osuta - iwo n'zosathandiza kaphatikizidwe mwini.

Mbiri ya matenda

Tanthauzo la "pellagra" anamasuliridwa ngati khungu akhakula. Makamaka matenda ofala analandira m'zaka za m'ma XIX pafupifupi maiko onse European. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chomwecho, matenda anasowa France yekha.

Mu imodzi ya tinkhani anapeza matenda pellagra akufotokozedwa motere: odwala ndi "galasi" maso ndi mayang'anidwe amodzi wotumbululuka nkhope. Manja ngati pambuyo amayaka yaikulu kapena mabala - onse mu ming'alu ndi zipsera. Akudzandira ndi mutu kugwedeza amalenga maonekedwe a munthu ndi kuledzera mowa. Zikuoneka kuti iwo atsogozedwa ndi mphamvu - kuti apite mu njira imodzi, ndiye iwo amayamba kuthamanga kwa khama otsiriza molunjika mokwanira, ndipo kenaka mwadzidzidzi kugwa kuchokera osaneneka kuseka kapena sobs wamphamvu.

Zambiri za matenda anatenga malo kumudzi ndi magulu theka-olekanitsidwa (nyumba ana, ndende zipatala maganizo).

kubuka aakulu anali m'chaka ndi chilimwe, kotero akatswiri anapeza kuti pellagra ndi matenda m'chilengedwe. dziko lina anakanena matenda mibadwo mu banja limodzi, choncho anali anapeza kuti pellagra ndi cholowa.

Pambuyo kuonerera yaitali Dr. Goldberg anapeza kuti theka-collectives ndi matenda ambiri pellagra sanali kalembera wa kugonjetsedwa matenda atumiki. Choncho, kuyesera ankachititsa pa lokha mu 1916, Pulofesa D. Goldberg, pamodzi ndi anzake 15, anasonyeza kuti pellagra - ndi matenda si opatsirana. Ndipo patapita kanthawi thunthu anapezeka amene bwinobwino kuchiza matenda - pellagra kupewa chinthu kapena PP. Koma kunena zoona, mankhwala anapezeka mu 1873 asayansi Weiner, koma patapita zaka zambiri zinaonekeratu kuti PP ndi asidi nicotinic ndi chimodzi ndi chinthu chomwecho.

Mavitamini m'thupi la munthu

Vitamini B akutenga chinthu chachikulu kwa onse kufufuza zofunika anthu. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi kuthandiza mu mapangidwe ATP ndipo anasiyana. vitamini Izi kumachepetsa mlingo wa mafuta zoipa magazi, potero kwambiri kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda a mtima.

asidi Nicotinic ndi vitamini okha amene amazindikira mankhwala monga medicament osiyana ndi amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a matenda osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Kupanda mavitamini B zingachititse beriberi, zimenezi kumathandiza:

• Low zili asidi nicotinic kapena nicotinamide ndi kubwera mu thupi ndi chakudya.

• malabsorption vitamini ntchito kuphwanya thirakiti m'mimba mu m'badwo pantchito.

• Kusowa kwa amino zidulo tryptophan akamakonda zakudya - popanda mabakiteriya matumbo musati lithe niacin.

• Mowa chidakwa.

• malignancies Zikusiyana.

• zonse kutopa ndi nkhawa.

Udindo wa kufufuza zinthu mu thupi

Losowa vitamini D kumachepetsa kudya, maganizo Kusakhazikika, kudzimbidwa ndi zina zotero. A pang'ono kuwala ultraviolet zimayambitsa losowa vitamini D mu thupi, amene ana amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Ali mafuta nsomba, batala.

Losowa vitamini E makamaka amakhudza chikhalidwe ambiri a khungu, tsitsi ndi misomali. Komanso popanda kukumana ndi mavuto aakulu kaphatikizidwe wa zimakhala zonse za thupi - bwino mayendedwe a mpweya magazi, kumathandiza yatsoka a atherosclerosis, izo kumathandiza kuti uziyenda wabwinobwino wa maliseche.

Losowa vitamini E ndi zachilendo. antioxidant umenewu uli zedi okwanira mu masamba mafuta, dzinthu, zinyalala ndi amadyera. Komabe, ngati chiwindi ukugwirira ntchito bwino, chifukwa mayamwidwe wabwinobwino wa mavitamini ndi zofunikira kuti Zimachititsa katulutsidwe wa ya ndulu.

Losowa vitamini K kumabweretsa kusokoneza clotting magazi ndi magazi nthawi zambiri aonekera mphamvu. Kodi amapanga muyezo, kuphatikizapo chakudya chiwindi, sipinachi, tsamba kapena kabichi, tomato ndi kaloti.

Losowa vitamini A zizindikiro akusowa ali kuwonetseredwa monga "usiku khungu", anthu akuvutika ndi matenda, athe kuwona madzulo, koma mwangwiro kuona masana. Ngati akusowa kumachitika mwadzidzidzi, kumverera kwa dryness mu maso. Nthawi zina kuyamba ukuchoka kapena actinic osati khungu, koma nembanemba mucous, kulephera kwa zopangitsa za endocrine - ichinso amakhudza losowa vitamini A. Zizindikiro ndi kudya mokwanira pamene malamulo mphamvu. Zopezeka mu mafuta nyama, chiwindi, mafuta m'nyanja zikuluzikulu chiwindi, dzira yolks, kaloti wofiira, tomato, apricots atsopano. Pamene kuphika kapena pickling mavitamini asungidwa pa kuyanika zimachitika chiwonongeko mofulumira.

Masiku ano pali magawo angapo a vitamini akusowa A, limene limafotokoza zizindikiro pansipa:

1. matenda ambiri a ziwalo, ngati onse pamodzi, ndipo ena. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuchepa Mwachangu ndi sichisinthasinthanso.

2. Kuchepa pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuoneka. Mu maphunziro matenda, n'zotheka kale kudziwa ndendende kupanda akusowa mu thupi.

3. kuchepa kapena ayi vitamini kapena kulakwila digestibility ake.

losiyanasiyana hypovitaminosis tsopano zachilendo, makamaka achikulire pakati kapena lactating akazi, mpikisanowo, ana, ogwira ntchito molimbika thupi.

Udindo wa mavitamini mu thupi mwachilungamo zoonekeratu, ndi kunyalanyaza zinthu zimenezi oopsa thanzi.

Zinthu zimene zimachititsa matenda

• zotupa n'komwe.

• Uchidakwa.

• Matenda osiyanasiyana pa mundawo m'mimba.

• Mimba kapena mukuyamwitsa.

• Various opatsirana matenda.

• The vutoli mu chakudya.

Matendawa ndi matenda matenda

Kupanda mavitamini m'thupi aumbike zaka, pamene zonse amaona ngati matenda osiyanasiyana - kuchokera maganizo mitsempha. Pamene asidi nicotinic ali ndi kuchepa kwa anthu ndi kutopa matenda, anorexia, utachepa ntchito, kuchepa lakuthwa mu thupi.

Izo zinali kokha pambuyo nthawi wodwala wayamba amadandaula tulo, irritability, mutu ndi kuyiwala, pali anachita zoipa nyimbo mokweza, mitundu yowala ndipo kuwala. Iri yofulumira ngakhale wina ndi mzake - kuchokera boma wozingwa kuti aukali.

Onse alili awa maganizo zambiri amati ena kuganizira za matenda a ubongo ndi kuwatenga wodwalayo kupita kwa zamaganizo.

Pankhaniyi adzakhala bwino ngati matenda ukufika siteji ya mawonetseredwe yaikulu matenda, ndipo adokotala kupanga kuyendera mokwanira, amene detects symmetrical mawanga ofiira ndi wazikang'a pamwamba pa thupi ndi yowala lilime kapezi ndi pamwamba chonyezimira, ndi imprints mano pa m'mphepete, neuritis osiyana ndi " lumbago ", imfa ya tilinazo malo aliwonse phwando.

zizindikiro

Kwenikweni, wodwala ntchito mwamtheradi imodzi ya luso wamba, monga m'njira zosiyanasiyana pellagra. Zizindikiro zake zikuphatikiza:

- dermatologist kudziwa edema ndi kuyabwa epithelium kwambiri mtundu ofiira omwe nthawi anapanga matuza kuti m'kupita amaphulika ndipo zisanyowe, mu maonekedwe masiku angapo amafanana pityriasis versicolor. Koma pa nthawi, khungu exfoliated ndipo adzakhala kuonekera zigawo mwakuya epithelium, kapena kwathunthu discolored ndipo akukumbutsa adzithandize. Mu dziko lathu, pellagra - ndi matenda osowa.

- Kuwaona gastroenterologist mtima ndi matenda izo detects zilonda zing'onozing'ono pa kamwa, lilime mitundu yowala, yafupika kulemera kwa misa. A dandaulo kwa salivation profuse, kutsegula m'mimba ndi fungo zosauma, nseru, utachepa kapena kusowa chilakolako cha kusapeza mu pakhosi kapena kum'mero Kankhani akatswiri kuchititsa maphunziro - sigmoidoscopy ndi / kapena fibrogastroduodeniyu. Malinga ndi zotsatira adzakhala kuonekera manja kwa mucosa pa mundawo m'mimba, nthawizina pa makoma a zilonda zing'onozing'ono magazi amaonedwa.

- Pa chomaliza matenda, odwala kupita zamaganizo kapena matenda okhudza ubongo. Pa mfundo izi zikuyamba patsogolo maganizo, amene anatsagana ndi psychosis kapena encephalopathy, amene anaonetsa kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo zosiyanasiyana, zinyengo akhate amaganizo ndi kukwiya. syndrome Encephalopathy limodzi ndi clouding chikugwirabe, zikamera wa wakuyamwa kusalankhula kapena kumvetsa reflex, kuchuluka minofu kamvekedwe.

Zizindikiro za pellagra kudzadalira zimene siteji iyankha munthuyo komanso katswiri aipeza - nkhani ya mwayi.

Chithunzi matenda a matenda ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu ndipo akhoza pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zina za hypovitaminosis.

Pellagra, chithunzi zizindikiro zosonyeza pansipa, amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana zilonda m'kamwa, dermatitis, mpando chisokonezo ndi matenda okhudza ubongo wa chikhalidwe chosiyana. Ndiko kuti, zizindikiro zosiyana kwambiri. Akuluakulu ndi zizindikiro matenda pellagra chifukwa cha kufooka, mphwayi, kuchepa kapena anasiya kudya ndipo potsatira kuwonda, irritability, kutopa.

Kukhumudwa mpando, ndi kusintha mu mucosa wa khungu kuoneka kutha kwa dzinja. Patapita nthawi, pakalibe zizindikiro mankhwala akuyamba moto mkamwa ndi profuse salivation. Zitatha izi zikuoneka kutupa kwa milomo, makamaka m'munsi, ndi fractures chopweteka. Oral mucosa hyperemic ndi m'kamwa ndi lilime yokutidwa ndi zilonda zing'onozing'ono. Language aphimbidwa ndi patina wakuda ndi zofiirira, koma kwenikweni ndi m'mbali chowala wofiira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chinenero ndi wofiira kwathunthu limapezeka lacquered kuwala. Mu edematous lilime papillae hypertrophied kuwoneka ngati madontho ofiira pa m'mbali mwa imprints mano akalipo. Pambuyo zizindikiro izi pachimake pang'onopang'ono kupita kuchepa, wotumbululuka mucous manja papillae, koma mizere kwambiri angaoneke padziko lilime. khungu chotupa kumachitika makamaka m'madera lotseguka.

Matenda pellagra: zizindikiro za matenda

Matuza, epidermal thickening ndi pamwamba wazikang'a, kenako amayamba kukhala inki, wowonda, ndipo m'kupita manja. Nthawi zina zikhoza kukhala chiwonetsero cha msana poliradikulonevriticheskogo, kapena cerebrospinal polinevriticheskogo syndrome.

Pamene matenda zambiri maganizo, moti zinkamveka bwino mu maganizo. Matenda akhoza mzaka, ndi exacerbations pachaka masika omwe angagwe ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe a typhoid kapena zizindikiro za kamwazi, kawirikawiri kukhala chiseyeye.

Pakali pano, m'mayiko anayamba n'kovuta kwambiri. Koma m'madera ena a Africa kapena Asia, pellagra - vuto lalikulu Komabe, madokotala m'dera azindikire izo pa siteji oyambirira. Chifukwa chaichi zidzakhala zokwanira pochitika mkodzo kudziwa mlingo methylnicotinamide ndi chiwerengero cha asidi nicotinic magazi ndi vitamini wokhutira B gulu.

chithandizo

Odwala ayenera kukhala kuchipatala komwe iwo Kwalamulidwa ena tebulo mizere zotsatirazi:

1. Mapuloteni zakudya ndi okhutira mkulu zakudya otsika-mafuta, broths, nkhuku kapena zinziri mazira, ndi mkaka kapena mkaka mankhwala.

2. Kukonzekera munali asidi nicotinic. njira ndi mlingo zimadalira zovuta matenda, ndi comorbidity.

3. Zikavuta, potsatira kwambiri bedi zina.

4. Various formulations imene vitamini alipo zedi chofunika.

5. Zikavuta, analimbikitsa kuthamanga magazi.

6. Ngati matenda panopa maganizo, malinga ndi akatswiri, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito asamakhale ndi nkhawa zosiyanasiyana, antidepressants.

7. Wodwala ayenera kupewa yaitali kucheza mu dzuwa mpaka kuchira.

Ngati mulibe tcheru ndi zizindikiro za matenda ndi chiyani sizili mankhwala, pellagra amatha kupha munthu zaka pafupifupi zisanu.

kupewa

Mafomu prophylactic, muyenera kumaliza chakudya chamagulu ndi kuchuluka koyenera chakudya amadya chinthu antipellagricheskogo. Lamulo tsiku wamkulu mavitamini PP za 15-25 mg.

A okwanira kuchuluka kwa vitamini izi zimapezeka mu tirigu, yisiti zinyalala. Mkaka muli zambiri tryptophan, thupi mosavuta apanga mu chidulo nicotinic.

Pakuti kupewa aakulu pellagra parenteral makonzedwe amafuna Mlingo waukulu wa mavitamini chofunika mu chamoyo, ngati alipo mu mbiri ya matenda, zomwe kusokoneza mayamwidwe yachibadwa zakudya ndi thupi, kapena pamaso pa matenda aakulu kapena pachimake. Choncho, udindo wa mavitamini m'thupi la munthu zofunika zokwanira.

Tidziwanso kuti matenda amenewa ndi kosavuta kupewa kuposa matenda yake ndi mankhwala.