The acidity za mkaka: chimene icho chiri, mmene kudziwa zimene Mzimuyo

mkaka wa ng'ombe - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa akulu ndi ana omwe. Lili ambiri zigawo chofunika ndi thupi. zigawo A monga mapuloteni, shuga ndi mafuta yabwino odzipereka mu thupi la munthu. Kuchuluka apamwamba mapuloteni mu mkaka, choncho ndi zambiri anayamikira. Choncho, amaika mapuloteni - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi yambiri ntchito. M'mayiko otukuka, mtengo theka la mankhwala zimatengera mwachindunji pa mapuloteni okhutira. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, opanga mkaka ndi mkaka ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ng'ombe anali mu zinthu zabwino ndi chakudya wolemera mu mavitamini.

M'pofunikanso kwambiri ulamuliro wa acidity, monga pa nkhani ya mankhwala prokisaniya anakhala osayenera zogulitsa ogula.

Kodi Mzimuyo acidity mkaka?

Mipweya ya mkaka amadalira zifukwa zambiri. Iwo zimakhudza zinthu m'ndende nyama, mmene zinthu zilili thupi ndi zambiri. The ndondomeko ya mapangidwe mkaka m'malo yovuta, yomwe anapereka ku dziko la chilengedwe wa malawi nyama. Pa mapangidwe ake ndi katulutsidwe wa pafupifupi ankadya 10% ya zakudya zonse, zimene kufika mu England mammary magazi. Choncho, chifukwa lita imodzi ya mkaka wa ng'ombe n'kofunika kuti mwa England mammary anali mazana asanu malita a magazi. katundu wake zikusintha, kuyambira mphindi muli kuyitanitsa mpaka likadzafika kumapeto ogula. Mkaka n'chosiyana kwambiri mu zikuchokera. Choncho, colostrum muli mapuloteni peresenti makumi awiri kuposa wamba, kupanga zambiri zothandiza. mkaka woteroyo kapangidwe kake lili wambirimbiri zakudya ndi mchere. Monga colostrum lili osachepera chiwerengero thovu tizilombo, kuwalola kukhala mwatsopano ngati n'zotheka.

digiri ya acidity

Pa yosungirako, thovu mkaka ndi zochita za tizilombo yomwe kukhala m'menemo linawola lactose, chifukwa chimene mapangidwe asidi lactic ndi kuchuluka acidity mlingo wake zowonetseredwa ndi madigiri Turner (T).

Monga anaikama mkaka amamva acidity 16-18 T. Koma kuwonjezera Chiwerengerochi, ndi khalidwe zofunika ndi gawo lotetezedwa. zigawo zikuluzikulu mkaka alipo, imene pH ndi Kuwonjezera zidulo ndi alkalies ndi sanasinthe. The apamwamba buffering mphamvu, zazikulu reagents chofunika kusintha pH. Monga kuchuluka acidity mkaka zimawonedwa mu ng'ombe kuti msipu m'chilimwe mu meadows, kapena minda, kumene dzinthu mwakula. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zikuchokera udzu ndi dzinthu utachepa milingo calcium. Asayansi akhala anakhazikitsa pakati kashiamu zili mkaka ndi mkaka tizilombo. Iwo anaulula kuti ang'onoang'ono kashiamu mu mkaka, apamwamba acidity ake. Choncho, ndi kuwonjezeka kashiamu zili chakudya, acidity index amachepetsa.

chipangizo A kuona acidity

Kudziwa acidity wa mkaka, alimi ndi opanga ena ntchito chipangizo mwapadera wotchedwa ndi pH-mita. Malinga ndi chipangizo poyamba anayeza EMF (electromotive mphamvu) a dongosolo amagetsi. Kenako Komanso anayeza mkaka mankhwala kutentha. Pa mtengo uwu pH, amene anapereka 20 deg., Anatsimikiza ndi chilinganizo mwapadera anachokera.

PH-mita kuyeza acidity amatanthauza mkaka ndi zakudya makampani. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza acidity mkaka ndi mkaka.

Njira imeneyi kudziŵa acidity mkaka masiku ano ankaona molondola kwambiri.

Mmene pH mita

Pofuna kudziwa mlingo wa mkaka mu mikroogranizmov acidic, kapena ena chipangizo china chilichonse mkaka mankhwala kachipangizo kumizidwa, yomwe zizindikiro kutentha kuyeza elekitirodi ndi elekitirodi siliva mankhwala enaake pamene pakuyenerera. Tsopano, ntchito anatsimikiza kusintha pH electromotive mphamvu zomwe akufotokozera mu mankhwala ndi kutentha kwake.

kuwerengetsera Komanso zochokera chilinganizo a.

Kodi titratable acidity?

The acidity wa mankhwala zimagawidwa udakali titrated.

Kudziwa njira yachiwiri m'pofunika ntchito titration soda. Ambiri, kuipidwa mankhwala ndondomeko, imene kudzayesedwa acidity titratable mu mkaka. digiri ake pamwamba 16-18 Titratable acidity T. colostrum 5-6 T kuposa mkaka zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa kwambiri kukwezeka mlingo wa mapuloteni seramu. Ngati tiyang'ana pa mkaka ndi nyama odwala kapena achikulire m'pofunika mosemphana acidity awo 5-8 T adzakhala poyerekeza mkaka ndi nyama athanzi. chizindikiro amenewa kugwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwa mchere - chlorides. Komanso pa acidity titratable, komanso yogwira kwambiri ndi zinthu zimene nyama uli, chibadwa chake, zakudya, zimasokoneza ndi udindo thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani chakudya adzakhala opanda mchere titratable acidity mkaka adzakhala 23-24 T. Mu Chiwerengerochi mankhwala wadwala acidification mofulumira.

Yaikulu titratable acidity ankalamulira njira kupanga osati mkaka, komanso mankhwala onse mkaka kuti kudutsa lactic asidi nayonso mphamvu.

muyezo wa khalidwe

Mu Russia, iyo imakhala kunja amafuna kuti anakumana ndi mkaka. GOST 31450-2013 - khalidwe muyezo cholimba kumwa mkaka, odzaza mu ogula ma CD pambuyo kutentha mankhwala. Mogwirizana ndi zofunika, mankhwala ayenera mulibe flakes anakumbatirana apezeka mafuta. Malinga ndi GOST, mkaka ayenera kukhala woyera yunifolomu mtundu ndi bluish - mankhwala mafuta-free, ndi kirimu kuwala - chifukwa pasteurized kirimu muthunzi ndi magetsi. An chizindikiro chofunika cha khalidwe ndi yonena za zofukiza extraneous ndi zokonda.

Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake opindulitsa mkaka akhoza m'malo ambiri mankhwala, koma osati mankhwala ena palibe m'malo mkaka. Kuwonjezera mafuta, mapuloteni ndi chakudya omwe chiŵerengero moyenera m'menemo, mu kashiamu mkaka alipo amene mosavuta chosakanikirana ndi thupi.