T-64BM "Bulat-" (thanki) - wamakono otsiriza T-64

History of makampani Soviet thanki amadziwa Nthawi zambiri pamene makina anamasulidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, adakali zogwirizana kwambiri kunkhondo ano. Osati popanda wamakono, kumene. Chitsanzo chimodzi - "Bulat". thanki ili lilipo mbewu Kharkov ndi akuimira wamakono wa galimoto yakale T-64A.

kuloŵedwa

Tikumbukenso kuti thanki ili pa nthawi ina anali chimodzi mwa zochitika kwambiri zingamuthandize a makampani Soviet. Mbiri ya chilengedwe chake kunayamba 60s, mu mzinda wa Kharkov Design Bureau. Pakati pa onse mofanana 60 ntchentche iye anatumizidwa ndi pazimalamba zozungulira, kumene galimoto latsopano yamba misa-kubala pamodzi ndi akasinja T-64, T-62 ndi T-55. Official mukutengera zinachitika yekha mu 1969, ndipo woyamba wa zonse anali atamaliza osankhika magulu oti muli nazo zida, ili kunja kwa mzinda kumadzulo kwa dziko.

Mbiri ya T-64A

M'pomveka kunena kuti ganizo choyambirira cha maonekedwe a makina amenewa anachokera okonza mpaka kumbuyo 1946. lingaliro Zimenezi zinapangitsa iwo kuyamba ntchito pa chilengedwe cha ayambe latsopano injini dizilo (lomwe USSR anali nthawi zonse vuto). Posachedwa wotchuka mu mabwalo yopapatiza KB №75 anamaliza chilengedwe chake. Pasanapite nthawi tinayamba ntchito pa thankiyo lenilenilo, limene kwa nthawi yaitali anaberekera malamulo dzina la "chinthu 430".

Post-Soviet mbiri

"Shestdesyatchetverka" anayamba kutulutsa pa mbewu Malyshev 1963 (Kharkov thanki fakitale). Nkhani inatenga kotala ya atumwi, pa nthawi imene khamu mzere amayenera za 5500 makina amenewa, omwe patsogolo kwambiri nthawi yake.

Chikadzangotha kugwa kwa USSR Kharkov thanki Factory sanachedwe kulanda ufulu wa Ukraine (ndi katundu onse, kale). N'zosadabwitsa "akunja" T-64 msanga unatha chidwi Utumiki wa silikhali, koma chifukwa ena dera la akasinja Russian msanga "retrained" mu maphunziro a makina kumene ophunzira anali kokoka kwambiri osaneneka limangolembedwa tikungotaya chuma chawo.

Ndi posachedwapa (mu 2011) anali anapereka amaphunzirako kutumiza akasinja onse otsala kuti isungunuke. Ngati ife kulankhula za zochitika panopa, mwatsatanetsatane laling'ono watumikira m'malo wabwino: panopa Chiyukireniya akuluakulu akhoza mlandu Russia wa kupereka akasinja izi Donbass. Mwalamulo iwo alibe.

Popeza lonse ntchito Nawonso achichepere wakhala pa manja a akatswiri ku Ukraine, iwo anaganiza kuti awononge kampani mpaka kumapeto. Anaganiza kuyamba kukulitsa zida akale ndi unsembe wa zida watsopano, zida anaziika ndi zinthu zina. Mu mtundu dzina T-64E makina panopa yogwira (ngakhale mu magulu ang'ono) umaperekedwa mu chikhalidwe monga Sudan South ndi Somalia, amene alibe ndalama kwa munthu wabwinobwino, magalimoto amakono oti muli nazo zida.

Choncho pamene anachita chimodzimodzi "Bulat"? Akasinja ndi pofuna mzere uwu akale.

Wamakono wa T 64E

Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti magulu zoweta Ukraine kuyesetsa panopa akasinja yachibadwa. zinali ndi stalemate: ngati Kharkov ndi korona ngale kupanga zonse thanki wa USSR, ndizo basi magalimoto onse abwino anagulitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma ku "zamzitini" T-80 ndi T-72 tabadwa zina choncho. Mwachidule, tinkafunika latsopano, "Chiyukireniya" akasinja.

Kumene, adzachita zazikulu anali zikumangidwa pa theka-nthano (okha Ukrainians) "Gwirani", ndizo basi mu APU ya akasinja awa akadali zosaposa khumi, ndi phindu ndi chotero kuti tawerenga pa machulukitsidwe anapitirizabe mphamvu "ufulu" njira imeneyi ndi tanthauzo. Koma makina amenewa kusangalatsa ndondomeko ya mafuta mu UAE, ndani wa iwo akulabadira kwambiri.

Yankho anapezeka ndi msanga. Mu malo anakhalabe mulu achabechabe T-64. Iwo kunangotsala kuti "wononga" kwa iwo 5TDFE injini watsopano, amene mphamvu ndi malita yabwino kwambiri 900. a. Oddly okwanira, koma ntchito zonse Ukrainians unachitikira mobisa, latsopano thanki palibe amene wakwanitsa kuona. Only zingapo zapitazo, anayamba mwachangu Lengezani pa TV, anatha "yowala" ngakhale pa chionetsero yapamwamba mikono mu UAE.

Mfundo thanki loyamba lomwe kuti anthu mu 1999, kokha (pa mphekesera yogwira) anali wotonza-mu siteji wachisoni kwambiri okonzeka, ndi galimoto sanayembekezere asilikali Chiyukireniya. mphamvu thanki a boma pa nthawi anapanga kokha kuchokera ku mabwinja m'matangadza wa T-72 ndi T-80U.

Kodi chasintha m'galimoto?

Tikumbukenso kuti zotsatira kwenikweni akalipo mpaka apoyera. Thanki salinso amaoneka ngati chidina ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anakhala ngati makina amakono nkhondo. Pa wamba thanki wogawana anagawira chitetezo zazikulu, mbali mazunzo wa maonekedwe mwamphamvu ndi molondola. Tiyeni tione zinthu zofunika watsopano:

• mbali ya galimoto anatseka unit chitetezo "Tsamba 2". Pakuti Kuphunzira kwambiri padziko iwo monga apakati kapena anayi.
• Awiri mitundu "mphamvu" - "Tsamba 2" ndi "Contact-1" - rationally anagawira kudutsa pamwamba pa zida, anasonkhana kuti "latisi" chiwembu yosavuta ndi wotsika mtengo. The mwayi waukulu njira ya unsembe ndi opepuka kwambiri zida chitetezo cha makina.
• The structural chigawo la nsanjayo komanso wachibadidwe anasintha, amene kumaoneka makamaka view mbali. Chiyukireniya chipani si kuwonjezera pa mphindi ino, koma akatswiri amanena kuti nsanja aikidwa ndi chipinda zina zipolopolo.

Chotero kodi sizitero amakhala ndi thanki pa maziko umene unalengedwa "Bulat"? thanki, monga ife kale, ali okonzeka ndi zida zambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa chidwi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu kalasi ya akasinja anaonekera pamaso panolamiki ndi imager ikukhudzana amene kumawonjezera kwambiri mwayi wa kupulumuka mu thanki nkhondo.

Choncho ngati malo unsembe wake kusankha bwino, tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti Mokweza chidachitika mwadala. Ambiri, akasinja zonse Chiyukireniya amasiyana maganizo abwino, koma kukhazikitsa ntchito kawirikawiri amadwala. Kawirikawiri izi chifukwa khalidwe otsika zida zitsulo ntchito, ndi kusowa kwa akatswiri odziwa wa sukulu yakale Soviet.

The armament waukulu thanki

The armament yaikulu thanki mfuti likungosonyeza 125 mm. Komanso, makina yaikidwa pomwepo kuthana zigawo ziwiri: iwo zigwirizana ndege basi Cannon GS 23 (30 mm) mfuti NSVT likungosonyeza 12,7 mm, ndipo AH 17 Launcher basi grenade.

zigawo izi zimathandiza kwambiri mu mapangidwe m'mizinda, kumene ochiritsira Soviet akasinja ndi kale zomvetsa katundu ndi zida odana thanki. Komanso, ogwira kwambiri mu Kulimbana kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mdani, akuletsani pachabe kulola kholo munition.

Nthawi zambiri, ntchito ikuchitika analidi chidwi. Koma izi - osati "Bulat". Akasinja, lomwe lili dzina, ndi chitukuko motalikira processing chabe anafotokoza kusinthidwa kwa makina akale. Kotero ife potsiriza kufika pansi bwanji ndi mwachindunji "ziphona" za nkhaniyi.

Choncho "Bulat" kodi?

Choncho, zatsopano Chiyukireniya thanki ndi "kwambiri rethinking" makina T-64A ndi T-64B (ndi zosintha zina). Cholinga cha wamakono anali kubweretsa galimoto latsopano mpaka mlingo wa T-80UD, T-84U. Monga ife tatchulazi, "koyamba" chinachitika mu 1999.

wamakono onse anali kuzamitsa ntchito njira zitatu:

• A kuwonjezeka kwambiri sayenda (powerplant kwatsopano).
• Kulimbikitsa chitetezo, kuphatikizapo ku kachitidwe kwambiri kapena zochepa ano odana thanki.
• Kuwonjezeka firepower ndi kuphana mphamvu mwa unsembe wa machitidwe atsopano zida.

magetsi

M'pake kuti kusintha kuyenda mu injini chipinda wayikidwa zatsopano injini dizilo. Monga momwe zilili ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo, ichi udindo 5TDFM galimoto anasankhidwa, amene mphamvu 850 ndiyamphamvu. Mfundo chitukuko imeneyi ndi akale kwambiri dizilo 5TDF imene akatswiri ankagwira.

Kuti mu zaka injini chipinda agwirizane ndi 5TDFM latsopano, anatengera osati kwathunthu m'malo akale ndi inefficient mpweya zotsukira, komanso rework dongosolo utsi, amenenso Kodi ziyeneretso aliyense masiku ano. Kuti thanki Chiyukireniya "Bulat" (Apanso, analengedwa pa maziko a zaka T-64) sanali kusokoneza msewu ndi monstrously, monga kuloŵedwa m'malo, mu Kharkov, anayamba ziyangoyango wapadera m'njira anaikira galimoto m'misewu anthu.

Lang'anani, pambuyo phula msewu magalimoto kayendedwe ka ndime imene zida ndi zipangizo zimenezi, sudzatha mu thanki yowotcha osiyanasiyana. The ntchito chiwembu ngati chakuti ena zosintha zina safunika kubala mbozi kwambiri. The ziyangoyango jombo ndi fasteners chomera (amati) zaperekedwa padera, pa pempho.

Ambiri, akasinja Chiyukireniya, "Bulat" ndi "Kupeza" mu ntchito yake opaleshoni limodzi ndi Mlengi, amene amachititsa kuti tizilemekeza ena.

Chitetezo zida odana thanki

Kuwuma zimatheka ndi khazikitsa maofesi atsopano chitetezo zazikulu la nsanjayo, ndi mbali aft wa thanki. Mlengi amanena kuti iyeyo anali wokhoza bwino mtendere wa dongosolo la malire zotsatira za munitions chokhala (AFB), komanso boma-likungosonyeza zida kuboola zipolopolo (BPS). Pankhaniyi, amatsimikiza chakuti kulemera kwa thanki chawonjezeka pang'ono chabe.

Protection zida tichipeza zigawo ziwiri zosiyana: chabe zida bilu ndipo mkati zazikulu dongosolo chitetezo. Kunja zazikulu chitetezo anapereka mazunzo gawo ndi zowonetsera amene wokwera padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa alumikizana ndi. Pamwamba pa nsanja, ndipo m'madera ena akutali kusonkhana zigawo yodziyimira payokha kuti akhoza msanga asintha mwambo kulephera kwawo. Zochitika za njira mkati zazikulu chitetezo kumapangitsanso kukana kwa odana zikutanthauza kwambiri.

Total kulemera kwa lonse chitetezo zazikulu (kuphatikizapo zinthu kumangako) ndi za 3.5 matani. Mmodzi thanki adalira, ndi lokha, kukhala wokhoza unsembe pafupifupi 5.5-6 maola. Anamanga-chitetezo zazikulu kuti kale anaika pa Mlengi thanki, sayenera ena chisamaliro owonjezera pa ntchito. Choncho, dongosolo la chitetezo ku Kharkov opanga ndi zabwino chifukwa sizikusoweka zida chipangizo ndi unsembe ndi ntchito akatswiri kwambiri oyenerera.

Koma si onse. N'chifukwa chake, monga ulamuliro, thanki adalira anafa kugonjetsedwa kwake antitank zida kuti (mwina) amagwiritsa oyenda la adani? Ku moto ndiponso kutentha. Kuteteza anthu ndi kusintha mpata kupulumuka, Chiyukireniya thanki omanga akhala akupereka yaotomatiki dongosolo moto wozimitsa, nthawi zimene lomwe (pambuyo ena zosintha zomangamanga) langokhala 150 msec.

zotsatira wamakono

Nanga ndi T-64 "Bulat"? Monga tanenera okha, alimi Chiyukireniya (osati akuvutika ndi muyeso wa kudzichepetsa), iye "pafupifupi ofanana kwa Russian thanki T-90" ndi "zokhala ndi ntchito zawo ndi zamakono" ovuta "."

Inde, makina ali chiyembekezo chabwino kukulitsa zina, makamaka kuwongolera zosagwiritsa injini ndi ogwiritsa 6TD 6TD-1 kapena 2. Kodi amasintha kuona, kuika SLAs mwapadera, navigation ndi zida kulankhulana. Komanso, makina pambuyo kukulitsa thandizo pafupi makilomita 11 thousand (kwa thanki kwatsopano).

Ngati tiika pambali pathos, onse si choncho duwa. Inde, makhalidwe ake modernized T-64 kwenikweni zikufanana ndi T-72 angapo oyambirira. Umo ndi mmene akhoza 'upambana "kuti ayambe T-90 ndi atsopano mabaibulo ndi T-72, si bwino kwathunthu.

Mfundo zilibe ndi makhalidwe abwino. Choncho, kupanga mawilo msewu ndi mbali zina galimotoyo wa T-72 ntchito pa tani akakhala kasakaniza wazitsulo, koma kwa T-64 mulibe makilogalamu oposa 200. Choncho, mfundo imeneyi kwambiri amachepetsa mtengo kumenyana makina, koma odalirika "hodovka" akuvutika.

Chinthu chokha ndi T-64 kwenikweni bwino, ndi maintainability galimotoyo. Ndiyeno, kwa ambiri otsiriza a mafunso ochokera kwa akatswiri (kachiwiri ndikuganiza za kasakaniza wazitsulo sanali akakhala zitsulo). chakuti German Democratic Republic (lomwe anapita ambiri akasinja izi) magalimoto akhala zonena zambiri za m'mabande a avale ndi akorona. Pa T-64 nthawi anaulukira mbozi, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kuvulala kwambiri ndi kuvulala kwa anthu amene anali pafupi ndi thanki.

Ndipo ndithu "zachilendo" kuyang'ana Ukrainians mawu kuti 'ano thanki bwino "pafupifupi alibe olumpha British" Challenger "ndi German" nyalugwe 2 "- loyang'ana makamaka kupusa mu kuwala kwa chakuti galimoto British anali mwachikulu chimatengedwa ngati zabwino thanki pa ntchito NATO ku Iraq. Zingakhale superfluous kunena, "Bulat" akhoza kupanga nkhondo okha Donbas, kumene maukonde ndi kale zonse zithunzi magalimoto linasweka ndi kutentha Chiyukireniya. Kodi iye bwino?

Zikuoneka cheapness ake: mtengo wa kukulitsa wokalamba T-64 (malinga ndi zaka ziwiri zitatu zapitazo) ndi 400 madola zikwi, pamene kwa kupanga "Gwirani" ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 miliyoni.

kusanthula zolakwa

Maukonde lero ndi chiwerengero cha "Songs" omwe amadzipereka pa "latsopano" thanki amene akufuna kukonza mphindi Kudziwa, tiyeni tikambirane za zolakwa zake.

Choyamba, kulemera ndi mphamvu engine. "Bulat" zimalemera matani 45 pamene injini mphamvu ya 850 L / s. "Inatha ndi operewera Russian thanki T-72" ali ndi kulemera matani 44,5 ndi injini, amene mphamvu ndi 1000 L / s. Kodi ndi "sayenda aakulu" (timabuku Kharkov chomera) pano tingalankhule? Pa T-72, ngati n'koyenera, inu kukacheza angapo matani zida, pamene T-64 cholinga ichi kusintha injini.

Ndipo apa pali "crux pa nkhaniyi." Ngakhale mu "ovutika" 70s anayesera pofuna kukwaniritsa T-64 unsembe wa mota pa 1000 L / s. Vuto linali kuti galimotoyo ya makina akale sindikanakhoza kupirira mavuto oterowo, kuyambira kwenikweni kutha pa amapita. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi 1987 utsogoleri Soviet anali potsiriza anasiya chitukuko winanso wa T-64.

Mfuti. Thanki "Bulat" makhalidwe a tidachiwona, chitsanzo ali okonzeka ndi KBA3 (yachibadwa 2A46M-1). Mlengi amanena kuti ndi "mfuti bwino T-72 ndi T-90." Ine ndikudabwa zimene zikhoza kukhala bwino? Mu akasinja Russian anaika mfuti 2A24M-4 / M-5, amene amapereka 17% zochepa kupezeka pamene kuwombera kusamuka ndi amapereka kusintha kwa 15-20% mu molondola (monga nthawi poyerekeza ndi zaka 2A46M-1). Zodabwitsa, sakanachita.

Koma osiyanasiyana weniweni kuwombera, ndiye konse chidwi. Tikayang'ana boma, komabe malinga Russia, ndi "Chiyukireniya" mfuti weniweni amapereka osiyanasiyana polasa ndi 1.5 Km (zomwe nthawi zimenezo inali ponseponse). The "tagiltsev" ngati mtengo uwu ndi wofanana 2.3-2.5 Km. Ndipo alikuti "kusintha"? Kachiwiri izo si bwino.

Koma kungokhala chete ndi zotakasika zida, apa nkhani konse yosokoneza. A umodzi (!) High-kalasi boma mayesero "Bulat" zonsezi "zida thupi" sanali pochitika. deta onse - yekha ku magwero boma Kharkov. Ndithudi mfundo zonse zimene akutsogoleredwa ndi makasitomala mayiko: ali ndi chidwi ndi T-72, T-80, T-90 ndi chimodzimodzi "Gwirani", koma pazifukwa zina iwo uninteresting mwamtheradi "Bulat".

Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, tingayandikire mapeto yosavuta. Kharkiv kusinthidwa ndithudi bwino makhalidwe khalidwe la akale T-64, koma superweapon chake ndendende chitembenukiro. Wamakono wa okwanira bwino quality, ikukwaniritsa zosowa za makono Chiyukireniya asilikali, amene si asokoneza ndi ndalama yachibadwa. Komabe, zozizwitsa sizikuchitika: galimoto ya '60s, ngakhale ndi injini latsopano ndi chitetezo zazikulu, thanki ano si wolingana.