Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky: Makhalidwe a Masewera

M'chaka cha 1940 kope losiyana la ntchito "Hero of Our Time", lolembedwa ndi Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov, linafalitsidwa. Bukuli ndilo limodzi mwa zochitika zochititsa chidwi komanso zochititsa chidwi m'mabuku a ku Russia. Bukuli lakhala ndi maphunziro ambiri komanso makangano kwa zaka zoposa zana ndi theka. Iye samataya chibwibwi ndi changu mwa tsiku lathu. Komabe Belinsky analemba za bukhuli kuti sankayenera kukalamba. Tinasankha kutembenukira kwa iye ndi kulemba zokhazokha. Grushnitsky ndi Pechorin ndi anthu otchuka kwambiri.

Chiyanjano chazinthu

Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin, wolemba mabuku wa bukuli, ankakhala mu nthawi ya Lermontov, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za m'ma 1800. Nthawiyi inali nthawi yachisokonezo, yomwe inadza pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Decembrist mu 1825 ndi kugonjetsedwa kwake. Munthu woganiza bwino sangathe kupeza phindu la luso lake ndi mphamvu zake. Kukayikira, kusakhulupirira, kukana anali mbali za chidziwitso cha achinyamata a zaka zimenezo. Zolinga za atate zidakanidwa ndi iwo "kuyambira chibadwidwe," ndipo anthuwa adafunsidwa ndi miyambo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Choncho, VG Belinsky analemba kuti "Pechorin imasautsika kwambiri," chifukwa sangagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamphamvu za moyo wake.

Njira zatsopano zojambula

Lermontov, kupanga ntchito yake, ikuwonetsera moyo monga momwe zilili. Izi zinafuna njira zatsopano zamakono, ndipo anazipeza. Njira izi sizinali kudziwa mabuku a Kumadzulo kapena a Russian, ndipo zimatipangitsa ife kutamandika mwa kuphatikiza chithunzi chachikulu ndi chaulere cha anthu omwe ali ndi zida zomwe angathe kuziwonetsa, kuwulula shuga imodzi kudzera mu ndondomeko ya wina.

Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane anthu awiri ofunika kwambiri a buku ili. Pechorin iyi ndi Grushnitsky.

Chithunzi cha Pechorin

Pechorin anali pachiyambi, adalandira maphunziro apamwamba. Kuchokera kwa chisamaliro cha makolo, iye anapita "mu kuwala kwakukulu" kuti akondweretse zosangalatsa zonse. Komabe, posakhalitsa moyo woterewu unamupweteketsa mtima, unadandaula ndi wowerenga komanso kuwerenga mabuku. Pechorin pambuyo pa mbiri yakale, yotchuka ku St. Petersburg, imatchula ku Caucasus.

Kuyimira maonekedwe a msilikali, mlembi akufotokoza zikwapu zingapo pa chiyambi chake: "Mutu wapamwamba," "wotumbululuka," "dzanja" laling'ono. Chikhalidwe ichi ndi munthu wolimba komanso wathanzi. Iye ali ndi malingaliro omwe amafufuza mozama dziko lozungulira iye.

Mkhalidwe wa Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin

Pechorin amaganiza za mavuto a zabwino ndi zoipa, ubwenzi ndi chikondi, ponena za tanthauzo la moyo wathu. Iye amadzipusitsa pofufuza anthu a m'nthaŵi yake, akunena kuti m'badwo wake sungathe kupereka nsembe, osati kwa ubwino wa anthu okha, komanso chifukwa cha chimwemwe chake. Wopambana ndi wodziwa bwino kwambiri anthu, samakhutitsidwa ndi moyo waulesi wa "madzi a anthu", amawunika anthu olemekezeka, ndikuwapatsa makhalidwe owononga. Dziko lozama kwambiri ndi lamphumphu la Pechorin likuwonekera m'nkhani yakuti "Mfumukazi Maria", pamsonkhano ndi Grushnitsky. Makhalidwe a Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky mukumenyana kwawo ndi chitsanzo cha kusanthula maganizo mwakuya kwa Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov.

Grushnitsky

Wolemba wa ntchito "The Hero of Our Time" sanapatse dzina ndi patronymic kwa chikhalidwe ichi, kumutcha iye chabe dzina - Grushnitsky. Uyu ndi mnyamata wamba, cadet, akulota chikondi chachikulu ndi asterisk pa epaulets. Chilakolako chake ndicho kupanga zotsatira. Grushnitsky amapita kwa Mfumukazi Maria mu yunifolomu yatsopano, kununkhira mafuta onunkhira, ophwanyika. Wopambana uyu ndi mulungu wokhudzana ndi zofooka, chikhululuko, zoona, pa msinkhu wake, "chilakolako chowerenga" ndi "kugwedeza" m'malingaliro ena achilendo. Grushnitsky akufuna kuti azitha kuchita manyazi ndi msilikali wotchuka, wokongola pa nthawiyo, akudziwonetsera yekha ngati cholengedwa chokhala ndi "chisautso chachinsinsi." Wopambana uyu ndi fano la Pechorin, ndipo ndipambana, chifukwa sizongopanda kanthu kuti cadet wamng'onoyo ndi wosasangalatsa kwambiri zakumapeto kwake.

Kusamvana: Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky

Grushnitsky, mwa khalidwe lake, akugogomezera olemekezeka a Grigory Alexandrovich, koma, komano, ngati akuchotsa kusiyana kulikonse pakati pawo. Pechorin mwiniwakeyo anali akuzonda pa Mfumukazi Maria ndi Grushnitsky, zomwe sizinali zolemekezeka. Mfumukazi i, ine ndiyenera kunena, sindinayambe ndamukonda, koma ndinangogwiritsa ntchito chikondi chake ndi kukonda kwake kumenyana ndi mdani wake - Grushnitsky.

Wotsirizira, monga munthu wong'onong'ono, samangodziwa maganizo a Pechorin kwa iyemwini. Amawoneka kuti ndi munthu wodzidalira, wofunika kwambiri komanso woganizira. Grushnitsky akuti akunyoza: "Ndikupepesa iwe, Pechorin." Komabe, zochitika sizikukula molingana ndi dongosolo la Grigory Alexandrovich. Tsopano mnyamatayo, atakwiya ndi nsanje, kukwiya ndi chilakolako, amaonekera pamaso pa wowerenga mosiyana, osakhala ndi vuto lililonse. Iye ali wokhoza kuchita, kusakhulupirika ndi kubwezera. Wopambana yemwe wasewera posachedwapa ali ndi mphamvu yothetsera lero chipolopolo mwa munthu wosapulumutsidwa. Duel Grushnitsky ndi Pechorin amasonyeza chowonadi chenicheni cha choyamba, chomwe chimakana kukondana, ndipo Grigory Alexandrovich amamuwombera mwamphamvu ndi kumupha iye. Wopambana amwalira, atamwa chikho cha chidani ndi manyazi a kulapa mpaka mapeto. Uku ndikumenyana kwachidule, komwe kunayambitsa anthu awiri apamwamba - Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky. Zithunzi zofananitsa za mafano awo zimapanga maziko a ntchito yonse.

Maganizo a Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin

Asanapite ku duel (Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky), Grigory Alexandrovich, kukumbukira moyo wake, akudzifunsa yekha mafunso omwe amakhala nawo, chifukwa chake anabadwa. Ndipo amadziyankha yekha kuti amamva kuti "akukwera pamwamba," akudzidzimutsa yekha. Ndiye Grigory Alexandrovich akuzindikira kuti iye wakhala "nkhwangwa" mmanja mwake. Pali kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu za uzimu ndi msilikali wosayenerera wa zochitika zing'onozing'ono. Amafuna "kukonda dziko lonse," koma amabweretsa mavuto ndi zoipa kwa anthu. Zazikulu, zolinga zabwino zimafooka kukhala zazing'ono, ndipo chikhumbo chokhala ndi moyo wathunthu ndi chiyembekezo ndi chidziwitso cha chiwonongeko. Udindo wa msilikali uyu ndi wowopsya, ali wosungulumwa. Duel Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky anawonekera bwino.

Lermontov adatchula buku lake chifukwa chakuti msilikali wa iye sali chitsanzo, koma chithunzi chomwe chimapanga machitidwe oipa a wolemba wamakono wa chibadwidwe chawo chonse.

Kutsiliza

Makhalidwe a Grushnitsky motero amathandiza kuwulula makhalidwe apamwamba a chikhalidwe chake mu Pechorin. Ichi ndi galasi lopotoka la Grigory Alexandrovich, lomwe likugogomezera kufunikira ndi chowonadi cha zochitika za "zowawa zosautsa," kupatula ndi kuya kwa umunthu wake. Ndi mphamvu yapadera pazochitika ndi Grushnitsky, ngozi yonse, yobisika mu kuya kwake, ikuwululidwanso, mphamvu yowonongeka yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso chaumwini, chomwe chiri chikhalidwe chachikondi. Lermontov anawonetsera phompho lonse la moyo waumunthu, osati kufunafuna chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Pechorin ndi Grushnitsky, motero, siwopambana komanso wosasangalatsa . Psychology Pechorin ili kutali kwambiri, monga mwa khalidwe la Grushnitsky mungapeze makhalidwe abwino.