Pamir - mapiri a ku Central Asia. Kufotokozera, mbiri ndi zithunzi

Lamapiri Pamirs kuyambira nthawi yakale amakopeka adventurers. Poyamba anali dera kwambiri lamapiri la USSR. Pamir ndinalota kugonjetsa ambiri ... M'pake kuti dzina la - ndi "denga la dziko lapansi". Pali ambiri amene akudziwika seventhousanders dziko. Ngakhale Pamir - mapiri si mkulu monga Mwachitsanzo, HimalayasI ndi Karakorum, ena pamwamba unakhalabe wosagonjetsedwa.

Location wa Pamirs

Pamir - mapiri, kapena m'malo ndi lalikulu lamapiri ili kum'mwera kwa Central Asia. m'gawo Pamir kwagona malire a limati zinayi: Tajikistan (mbali yaikulu), Afghanistan, China ndi India. Pamir Plateau anapanga pamphambano ya chimathandiza kachitidwe phiri monga Hindu Kusaya n'kumuika, Kunlun, Karakoram ndi Tien Shan. Chimakwirira kudera la makumi asanu ndi zikwi makilomita lalikulu Pamir Mountains. chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza bwanji yaikulu dziko lino lamapiri.

Palibe kugwirizana za chiyambi cha dzina la dziko lamapiri. Mwa zolemba kumeneko monga "denga la Mithra" (mulungu dzuwa mu Mithraism), komanso "denga la dziko", "imfa ya phazi" ndiponso "phazi mbalame."

Mapiri pamwamba pa Pamirs

Ambiri mapiri mkulu wa Pamirs kufika pafupifupi masauzande msinkhu. Ataliatali pa nsonga zonsezi lamapiri Kongur pachimake. Iwo lili m'dera la China, ndi kutalika kwake ndi makilomita 7,72. Pa mamita 200 pansipa nsonga ya Ismail Samani - 7.5 Km, umene ntchito mu Soviet Union ankatchedwa chikominisi Peak, ndipo izo zisanachitike - ngakhale Stalin pachimake. mapiri Pamir amene maina Russian, anali ku 90s mbali ya Soviet Union.

Peak Abu Ali Ibn Sina (mu Russian Baibulo - pachimake Avicenna) dzina la wophunzira akale ndi mchiritsi, kutalika 7,13 Km, n'kumusintha dzina kawiri. Isanafike kukonzanso linali dzina la Lenin Peak ndi apainiya poyamba dzina lake Kaufman pachimake (zaka za m'ma XIX).

Korjenevskaya Peak (kukwezedwa kwa 7.1 km) amadziwikanso odziwika bwino, ndi Russian wasayansi dzina lake polemekeza mkazi wake wokondedwa.

Features wa Pamirs

Pamir - mapiri, ndiwo osasamba quadrilateral m'mbali anamuukitsa. m'dera wolemera miyala ya golide, malasha, Mica, thanthwe Krustalo, lapis lazuli.

Long, aakulu nyengo (pamalo okwera 3.6 Km chizindikiro wamba kutentha kwa January - 18 madigiri Celsius, pamene nyengo yozizira chimakhala cha October kuti April, kuphatikizapo miyezi kwambiri), alternating m'chilimwe lalifupi ndi ozizira (pafupifupi kutentha kwa mwezi yotentha - July - kokha 14 madigiri Celsius). The boma chinyezi zimasiyana, malingana ndi dera, kuchokera millimeters 60 1100 mvula pa chaka.

Komabe, nyengo modabwitsa nkhanza limodzi ndi zikuchokera mokwanira osiyanasiyana a zomera. Makamaka nyama losaiwalika ndi chilombo zamphongo - lalikulu phiri nkhosa imodzi nyanga amene angafikire pogwiritsa makumi atatu. Ndipo yaks shaggy wokongola chisanu kambuku. Kupatula izi, ali pamwamba osiyana kunyumba kwa mitundu yambiri ya mbuzi (Kiyko, markhor), marmots kuleza tailed, nkhosa urmaly, nkhandwe, afisi ndi Chitibeta.

Mu mapiri a Pamirs moyo mbalame monga chokulungira ndi mphodza chachikulu, m'chipululu bullfinch, ular. Ndipo amatunga kukaikira mazira abakha obisika, atsekwe Indian, mphungu, woyera-tailed.

Pakati zosiyanasiyana ichthyological kusankha nsomba ali kuderako monga Osman ndi Marinka (inawo zimagawidwa monga poizoni).

mbiri kuwagonjetsa

Mbiri ya dongosolo la kuphunzira mayiko phiri anayamba pamene unachitikira Soviet ulendo kuti Pamir mu 1928. Patapita ankatha kutsegula yaikulu glacier Fedchenko, kugonjetsa pachimake cha Lenin ndi kupanga angapo miyeso zofunika.

Mu 1933, okwera Soviet Anagonjera chikominisi Peak (wapamwamba Soviet Union), ndipo mu 50s zaka mazana makumi awiri anagonjetsa nsonga Korjenevskaya, utasintha, Muztagh Ata (makilomita 7.55) ndi Konturtyube (makilomita 7.6). Nsonga pamwamba pa Pamir anafikira mu 1981 ulendo British pansi pa Bonengtona.

Nyanja ya Pamir Plateau. Kara-Kul

Lalikulu nyanja ya phiri dziko - Kara-Kul. Dzina la nyanja (Black Nyanja) ali mafotokozedwe angapo. Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo, kuwabwezera mthunzi mdima wa madzi pa mphepo yamphamvu. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, madzi a Black Nyanja mwadzidzidzi anauka, inundating m'mudzi mwa nyanja, ndi m'dzina la chisoni anthu ndi encrypted ndi mavuto oopsa.

Ataliatali pa nyanja ku East Pamirs. Mapiri, pamene pali nyanja yaikulu. Kuya kwa iwo Sarezskoye (0.5 Km kwambiri), ndipo yaikulu - Kara-Kuli. Pa okwera 4000 mamita yaikulu nyanja m'dera la makilomita lalikulu 380 ndi akuya mamita 240 pafupifupi opanda moyo. Popeza nyanja palibe otaya, madzi ake ndi amchere kwambiri, komanso pansi mwapang'onopang'ono chikuchepa zotsala za glacier wakale, madzi akadali ndi ozizira kwambiri.

Ngakhale sitili pafupifupi zomera zili zabwinobwino komanso zomera za m'nyanjayi, otchuka mphekesera amakhala madzi ake zolengedwa lanthano. Makamaka, akukhulupirira kuti madzi ake amakhala ankhandwe, ndi zouluka kavalo kuti abera foals, ndipo ngakhale mermaid. Komabe, madzi achisanu la nyanja si alendo kusamba, ndi mermaids, zikuoneka, ndi kukhala pa chakudya.